The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

Thirty Years

(1618-1648)

1618-16481618-1648

The Holy Roman Empire was the battleground.

At the beginning it was the Catholics vs. the Protestants.

At the end it was Habsburg power that was threatened.

Resolved by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.

Characteristics of the Thirty Years War

Ferdinand II inherited Bohemia. The Bohemians hated him. Ferdinand refused to tolerate

Protestants. Defenestration of Prague May, 1618

Bohemia named a new king, Frederick V.

The Bohemian Phase: 1618-1622

Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Frederick V borrowed an army from Bavaria.

Frederick lost his lands in the fighting.

The rebellion in Bohemia inspired others.

The Bohemian Phase: 1618-1622

Battle of White Mountain 1620

• Ferdinand’s army under Johann Tilly routed Frederick V

• Ferdinand re-Catholicized Bohemia and conquered the Palatinate.

Bohemian Phase

Ferdinand II tried to end all resistance. Tried to crush Protestant northern Holy

Roman Empire. Ferdinand II used Albrecht von Wallenstein

for the army. Wallenstein defeated Protestants in north.

Edict of Restitution (1629): Restored to Catholics all lands lost since

1552. Deprived all Protestants, except Lutherans,

of their religious and political rights.

German princes feared Ferdinand he fired Wallenstein in effort to calm them.

The Danish Phase: 1625-1629The Danish Phase: 1625-1629

Albrechtvon

Wallenstein

Danish Phase

France & Sweden now get involved. Both want to stop Habsburg power. Sweden led the charge. France provided support.

Gustavus Adolphus invaded the HR Empire.

Ferdinand II brought back Wallenstein. Swedish advance was stopped.

German princes still feared Ferdinand II.

Wallenstein assassinated to appease them.

The Swedish Phase: 1630-1635The Swedish Phase: 1630-1635

Swedish Phase

GustavusAdolphus

The Battle of

Breitenfeld

France & Sweden switched roles.

All countries in Europe now participated.

This phase was most destructive! German towns decimated. Agriculture collapsed famine

resulted. 8 million dead 1/3 of the population

[from 21 million in 1618 to 13.5 million in 1648]

Caused massive inflation. Trade was crippled throughout Europe.

The Swedish- French Phase: 1635-1648

Loss of German Lives in 30 Years’ War

Political Provisions: Each Ger. prince became free from any kind

of control by the HR Emperor. The United Provinces [Dutch Neths.] became

officially independent so. part remained a Sp. possession.

Fr. rcvd. most of the Ger-speaking province of Alsace.

Sweden got lands in No. Ger. on the Baltic & Black Sea coasts.

Switzerland became totally independent of the HR Emperor Swiss Confederation.

Sweden won a voice in the Diet of the HR Emp.

Brandenburg got important terrs. on No. Sea & in central Germany.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Religious Provisions: Calvinists would have the same

privileges as the Lutherans had in the Peace of Augsburg.

The ruler of each state could determine its official religion, BUT [except in the hereditary lands of the Habsburgs], he must permit freedom of private worship.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

1688-1700

Many Protestants felt betrayed.

The pope denounced it.

Only merit it ended the fighting in a war that became intolerable!

For the next few centuries, this war was blamed for everything that went wrong in Central Europe.

Nobody Was Happy!Nobody Was Happy!

What were the long-

range effects of the Thirty Years’ War?

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

Documents

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648

The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). 1618-1648 The Holy Roman Empire was the battleground. At the beginning it was the Catholics vs. the Protestants

The Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 Origins of the war. 15 s2 PPT.pdf · - Battle of White Mountain - Czechs rejected Ferdinand II as emperor, chose Frederick V, who was routed by

Leibniz reduction in German population 15–30% in some ...ruml/cs730/slides/lecture-14-other-logic.pdf · The 30 Years War (1618–1648) Leibniz LogicinPractice ILP LogicsofAction

s2e2f35c92d8b9c69.jimcontent.com · 2012. 8. 3. · the thirty years war 1618-1648 the french army the war of the spanish succession 1702-1714 the seven years war 763 the british

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. Warm Up: Copy down these terms and leave space next to each to fill in notes. Key names, terms, and events: Defenestration

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648). Cuius regio, eius religio Pope Urban VIII

1618-1648 The Holy Roman Empire was the battleground. At the beginning it was the Catholics vs. the Protestants.(1600s) At the end it was Habsburg

The 30 Years War 1618-1648 Historical Background Because of the execution of Jan Hus in 1415, Bohemia was a hotbed of contention between Protestants

EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS - preview.kingborn.netpreview.kingborn.net/629000/f95463c7e8a54a4fab4cea... · 10 epidemics and the thirty years’ war, 1618–1648 97 11 plague in italian

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648). 1618-1648 The Holy Roman Empire (Germany) was the battleground. At the beginning it was the Catholics vs. the

1. “QUICK AND DIRTY” BACKGROUND TO WAR …weber.ucsd.edu/~proeder/Outlines.pdf1. “QUICK AND DIRTY” BACKGROUND TO WAR AND PEACE I. PERIODS OF WAR AND PEACE 1618-1648 THIRTY

Ap Euro & World History · Web viewAnalyze the various ways in which the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) represented a turning point in European history. Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. Objectives Describe the events of the Defenestration of Prague What kind of “warfare” caused immense destruction in the

Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 Graphic Organizers

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Lead-Up The Peace of Augsburg (1555), passed by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, ended war in Germany between Lutherans

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48) Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21) Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg

THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48): EUROPE’S MOST … · 2019-10-27 · The Holy Roman Empire. The Defenestration of Prague 23 May 1618. Conflicting versions. Catholic Protestant. The