FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)

Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France

(FC.95)

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)

Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

Adding to anxiety about coming disaster was the appearance of Halley’s Comet in 1618

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48) a

Two main sources of tension in early 1600s?

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)Rel. Wars in 1500s

(FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)Fear of Hapsburgs

(FC.79)Rel. Wars in 1500s

(FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

A growing fear of war triggered an arms race, as each ruler seemed armed to the teeth to protect himself from his neighbors. Demonstrations of military power, such as the one at Nuremburg pictured below, were meant to deter aggression. Unfortunately they only alarmed their neighbors and fed a vicious cycle that saw military stockpiles and tensions rising together.

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

$ supply in Eur. & why?

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

Along with a decreased supply of new silver came debasement of coinage. Such coins were commonly referred to as “white foxes” since they were little more than copper coins hidden by a thin wash of silver.

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Climate & its effect?

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Where did 30 Yrs War start?

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

How does the Bohemian revolt turn out?

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Next phase & its result?

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Next phase & its result?

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

Next phase & its result?

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)

Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France

(FC.95)

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)Austria?

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)

Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France

(FC.95)

Germany?Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch?Stage set for dominance

by Louis XIV’s France (FC.95)

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)

Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)

Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France

(FC.95)

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)

Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain?

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)France?

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)

Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a

FC.88 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-48)

Spain, Pope, & Poland help Aust. beat Bohemian rebels (1618-21)

Denmark, Dutch, & Eng. join Prot’s but lose vs. Hapsburg Sp. & Aus. (1625-29)

Sweden joins Protestant side, but is defeated after initial victories (1630-34)

France joins vs. Hapsburgs War of attrition (1635-48)

Two rival camps in Eur., largely but not exclusively defined by religion Any crisis b/w indiv. members from each camp could Eur. wide conflict

Exhausting stalemate Neither side can win or

afford to quit

War spreads More states involved & committing more

resources

Dutch win indep. Econ dominance in 1600s

(FC.93)

Stage set for dominance by Louis XIV’s France

(FC.95)

Ger. stays divided & weak until unif. in

1871 (FC.121)

Aust’s power in Ger. broken Expands

to East (FC.90)

Everyone worn out Treaties of Westphalia & Munster (1648)

Spain is bankrupt & exhausted No longer a major power

Prot. Bohemia rebels vs. Cath. Austria (1618)

Catholics: German Cath’s, Hapsburg Spain, Hapsburg Austria, Poland, & Papacy

Protestants: Ger. Prot’s, Denmark, Dutch, Eng., Sweden, & Cath. Venice & France

Fear of Hapsburgs (FC.79)

Rel. Wars in 1500s (FC.87)

Lower silver prod. from Amer’s $ shortages in Eur

Colder & wetter climate in 1600s Famine & disease

Growing war fears Rising milit. budgets

Rising political, economic, military, & religious tensions in Europe

a