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LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT Copyright University of Reading
THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF DAIRY PROTEINS ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
Ian Givens
Professor of Food Chain Nutrition
Director, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health
University of Reading
1
2018
EVIDENCE FROM PROSPECTIVE
COHORT STUDIES
2
Recent meta-analyses of prospective
studies on dairy and cardiometabolic diseases
Dairy Outcome RR (95% CI) Ref
Milk AC mortality 1.00 (0.93-1.07) Guo et al., 2017
Milk CVD 1.01 (0.93-1.10) Guo et al., 2017
Cheese CVD 0.98 (0.95-1.00) Guo et al., 2017
Milk Stroke 0.93 (0.88-0.98) De Goede et al., 2016
Cheese /40 g/d Stroke 0.97 (0.94-1.01) De Goede et al., 2016
Yoghurt/80g/d Diabetes 0.86 (0.83-0.90) Gijsbers et al., 2016
5
HRs (95% CIs) of CVD for
SFA from dairy and meat de Oliveira Otto et al. 2012
Hazard
ratio
SFA g/day
EVIDENCE FROM RANDOMISED
CONTROLLED TRIALS
6
Milk proteins and blood lipids
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
TC LDL-C TAG
Control
Whey protein Ca-caseinate
a
a
b
a
ab
b
a,b different =P<0.05
Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)
Δ b
ase
line
(m
mo
l/L)
Milk proteins and blood pressure
Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)
Potent ACE inhibiting peptides
from milk proteins
FitzGerald et al., 2004
10
In vitro ACEi activity of dairy and
plant proteins
Dairy proteins Plant proteins
Giromini et al., 2017
Measuring vascular endothelial
function by flow mediated dilation (FMD)
11
% F
MD
ch
an
ge
fro
m b
ase
line
Milk proteins and endothelial function
Whey protein Ca caseinate Control
Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)
Milk proteins and vascular stiffness in
young hypertensive women
Figueroa et al. AJHypertens (2014)
14
Carbohydrate-rich meal +/- whey protein
on blood glucose in T2DM patients
15
Frid et al., 2005
+ 28g whey
P, Treat x time = 0.022
16
Fat rich meal +/- whey protein, casein
or CHOcontrol on blood insulin in subjects
at risk of T2DM Fekete et al. 2018
Time (h)
Effect of whey protein on insulin release
17
GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1
GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
DPP-IV: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
BCAA : Branched chain amino acids
A few conclusions……
18
• There is functionality beyond nutrient supply BCAA
important…
• Many nutrition and health benefits from dairy-
derived foods/proteins, both at population and
individual levels and for young and old including BP
and haemodynamics…..
• Negative association of milk proteins and
milk/fermented dairy and T2DM may become the
most important findings. Needs development….
• If food sustainability is driven by replacing animal
with plant derived foods be careful what you wish
for so…… • Not sensible to consider protein in isolation, need to
consider foods
19
Whiteknights, Reading Henley on Thames
London Road, Reading
Malaysia
South Africa
South Africa
Spare slides
20
Changes in total and LDL-chol
after consumption of ~80 g/d fat (~36g/d SFA)
as cheese or butter Hjerpsted et al. AJCN 2011;94:1479–84.
Cheese vs butter
Protein quality of dairy alternatives?
22
Contributors to dietary protein in the EU
23
EFSA, 2012
Bonetrophic nutrient interactions
24
Mg?
Effects of milk on bone mineral density
25
Cadogan et al., 1997
82 girls mean age 12.2 years randomised to
568ml/d whole or fat-reduced milk or habitual
diet for18 months
Micronutrient status of UK
children and adult females NDNS 08/09 + 09/10
Males 11-18y
Females 11-18y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fe Ca Mg Zn Se I
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
Bone mass changes with age
27
Weaver et al. (2016)
Effect of protein and GI on body weight
regain after loss
28
Larsen et al.
Diogenes
Benefits for sarcopenia
29
Phillips et al., 2009 JACN 28:343
Resistance training induced
changes in lean mass
Response to dairy fat differs when in cheese matrix (~40g fat/d; 6w parallel)
Feeney et al., 2018
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