LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT Copyright University of Reading

THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF DAIRY PROTEINS ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

Ian Givens

Professor of Food Chain Nutrition

Director, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health

University of Reading

1

2018

EVIDENCE FROM PROSPECTIVE

COHORT STUDIES

2

Recent meta-analyses of prospective

studies on dairy and cardiometabolic diseases

Dairy Outcome RR (95% CI) Ref

Milk AC mortality 1.00 (0.93-1.07) Guo et al., 2017

Milk CVD 1.01 (0.93-1.10) Guo et al., 2017

Cheese CVD 0.98 (0.95-1.00) Guo et al., 2017

Milk Stroke 0.93 (0.88-0.98) De Goede et al., 2016

Cheese /40 g/d Stroke 0.97 (0.94-1.01) De Goede et al., 2016

Yoghurt/80g/d Diabetes 0.86 (0.83-0.90) Gijsbers et al., 2016

5

HRs (95% CIs) of CVD for

SFA from dairy and meat de Oliveira Otto et al. 2012

Hazard

ratio

SFA g/day

EVIDENCE FROM RANDOMISED

CONTROLLED TRIALS

6

Milk proteins and blood lipids

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

TC LDL-C TAG

Control

Whey protein Ca-caseinate

a

a

b

a

ab

b

a,b different =P<0.05

Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)

Δ b

ase

line

(m

mo

l/L)

Milk proteins and blood pressure

Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)

Potent ACE inhibiting peptides

from milk proteins

FitzGerald et al., 2004

10

In vitro ACEi activity of dairy and

plant proteins

Dairy proteins Plant proteins

Giromini et al., 2017

Measuring vascular endothelial

function by flow mediated dilation (FMD)

11

% F

MD

ch

an

ge

fro

m b

ase

line

Milk proteins and endothelial function

Whey protein Ca caseinate Control

Fekete et al., AJCN (2016)

Milk proteins and vascular stiffness in

young hypertensive women

Figueroa et al. AJHypertens (2014)

14

Carbohydrate-rich meal +/- whey protein

on blood glucose in T2DM patients

15

Frid et al., 2005

+ 28g whey

P, Treat x time = 0.022

16

Fat rich meal +/- whey protein, casein

or CHOcontrol on blood insulin in subjects

at risk of T2DM Fekete et al. 2018

Time (h)

Effect of whey protein on insulin release

17

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1

GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

DPP-IV: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4

BCAA : Branched chain amino acids

A few conclusions……

18

• There is functionality beyond nutrient supply BCAA

important…

• Many nutrition and health benefits from dairy-

derived foods/proteins, both at population and

individual levels and for young and old including BP

and haemodynamics…..

• Negative association of milk proteins and

milk/fermented dairy and T2DM may become the

most important findings. Needs development….

• If food sustainability is driven by replacing animal

with plant derived foods be careful what you wish

for so…… • Not sensible to consider protein in isolation, need to

consider foods

19

Whiteknights, Reading Henley on Thames

London Road, Reading

Malaysia

South Africa

South Africa

Spare slides

20

Changes in total and LDL-chol

after consumption of ~80 g/d fat (~36g/d SFA)

as cheese or butter Hjerpsted et al. AJCN 2011;94:1479–84.

Cheese vs butter

Protein quality of dairy alternatives?

22

Contributors to dietary protein in the EU

23

EFSA, 2012

Bonetrophic nutrient interactions

24

Mg?

Effects of milk on bone mineral density

25

Cadogan et al., 1997

82 girls mean age 12.2 years randomised to

568ml/d whole or fat-reduced milk or habitual

diet for18 months

Micronutrient status of UK

children and adult females NDNS 08/09 + 09/10

Males 11-18y

Females 11-18y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Fe Ca Mg Zn Se I

LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT

Bone mass changes with age

27

Weaver et al. (2016)

Effect of protein and GI on body weight

regain after loss

28

Larsen et al.

Diogenes

Benefits for sarcopenia

29

Phillips et al., 2009 JACN 28:343

Resistance training induced

changes in lean mass

Response to dairy fat differs when in cheese matrix (~40g fat/d; 6w parallel)

Feeney et al., 2018