View
109
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
The Nationalist Period, 1848 - 1870: The Unification Movements. AP European History Androstic 2012-2013. Overview. Bound by commonalities and a sense of belonging (speech, culture, history, ethnicity) Governments realized that they needed to harness these energies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Nationalist Period, 1848 - 1870:The Unification Movements
AP European HistoryAndrostic2012-2013
OverviewBound by commonalities and a sense of belonging (speech, culture, history, ethnicity)
•Governments realized that they needed to harness these energies•Aims of 1848 now somewhat realized
Governments will lead nationalist pushes•Drive out minorities
Topics•Crimean War•Second French Empire•Italian Unification•German Unification•Austria•Russia Study Guide – Section 63, #1, Palmer pg. 515-516
Crimean War
2. What significance was the Crimean War for European national
movements? How did the major European powers become involved
in the dispute that broke out between Russia and Turkey in
1853?
Study Guide – Section 63, Palmer pg. 519-520
Crimean War (1854-1856)•Caused by Russia's continued drive to the south•France, the UK, & Austria fear Russian expansion
Study Guide – Section 63, #2, Palmer pg. 519-520
A romanticized poem of the battle by Alfred Lord Tennyson
Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward,All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred."Forward, the Light Brigade!"Charge for the guns!" he said:Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred…
The Charge of the Light Brigade
“The Lady with the Lamp”
Florence Nightengale
Treaty of Paris, 1856•All pledged to uphold Ottoman Turkey•Romania and Serbia though were to become independent•Russia lost influence & territory
France
1. Discuss political institutions and political life in the Second Empire.
Study Guide – Section 62, Palmer pg. 512-513
2. Describe French economic growth under Napoleon III.
Study Guide – Section 62, Palmer pg. 513-514
3. What caused the ruin and downfall of the Second Empire?
Study Guide – Section 62, Palmer pg. 515-516
France
President Louis-NapoleonEmperor Napoleon III
Second Empire•Politics
•Populist and authoritarian ruler•Built modern Paris – Burned during 1848
•Economics•Credit Mobilier•Suez Canal•Industrial Growth
•Foreign Policy•Mexican Empire•Colonies
Avenue des Gobelins and the Panthéon, Paris
Study Guide – Section 62, #3, Palmer pg. 515-516Study Guide – Section 62, #2, Palmer pg. 513-514Study Guide – Section 62, #1, Palmer pg. 512-513
Italy
Unification of
Italy
1. Describe the state of political affairs in Italy in the 1850s. How
did Piedmont differ from the other Italian states?
Study Guide – Section 64, Palmer pg. 521
Italian unification movement:
Risorgimento [“Resurgence”]
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
2. What role had Mazzini played? What had happened in 1848 to the
unification movement?
Study Guide – Section 64, Palmer pg. 521
3. How did Cavour unify Italy?
Study Guide – Section 64, Palmer pg. 522-525
Italian Unification
Giuseppe Mazzini Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi
“Heart” “Brains” “Sword”
Study Guide – Section 64, #3, Palmer pg. 522-525
Pope Pius IX: The Spoiler?
Study Guide – Section 64, #3, Palmer pg. 522-525
Austro-Sardinian War, 1859
Study Guide – Section 64, #3, Palmer pg. 522-525
4. What was the status of unification in 1861? How was it
eventually completed?
Study Guide – Section 64, Palmer pg. 523
Garibaldi & the Red Shirts unite with Piedmont-Sardinia, 1861
Study Guide – Section 64, #4, Palmer pg. 523
Austro-Prussian War, 1866
•Italy, sides with Austria•Annexes Venetia
Study Guide – Section 64, #4, Palmer pg. 523
Unified Peninsula
A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.
Study Guide – Section 64, #4, Palmer pg. 523
French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
Kingdom of Italy, 1871
Study Guide – Section 64, #4, Palmer pg. 523
Germany
German Unification
Zollverein, 1834
1. What were the lessons for national unification seen in the failure of Frankfurt Assembly?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 526
2. Explain Bismarck’s political outlook and describe the nature and outcome of his dispute with
the liberals in the Prussian parliament. What was the meaning
of his famous “blood and iron” statement?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 527
Otto von Bismarck
“Iron” Chancellor of Prussia and German EmpireStudy Guide – Section 65, #2, Palmer pg. 527
3. How did Bismarck succeed in ousting Austria from a position of
leadership in Germany?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 528
The Danish War, 1864
Prussia
Austria
Austro-Prusian War (Seven Weeks War), 1866
Study Guide – Section 65, #3, Palmer pg. 528
North German Confederation, 1867
4. What did Bismarck hope to accomplish by a war with France? How did the Franco-Prussian war
start? How did the war affect France? Germany?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 531-532
Franco-Prussian War, 1871•Ems Dispatch•Battle of Sedan•Quickly occupied Paris and captured Napoleon III
Study Guide – Section 65, #4, Palmer pg. 531-532
Treaty of Frankfurt, 1871•Second French Empire collapsed and Italians seized Rome•France was forced to pay a huge indemnity and was occupied by the Germans until it was paid•France had to give up Alsace-Lorraine•The German Empire was proclaimed, the Second Reich
Study Guide – Section 65, #4, Palmer pg. 531-532
German Empire (1871)
Kaiser Wilhelm I
Austria
5. What were the chief problems confronting the Habsburg empire in
the nineteenth century?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 534-535
Austria-Hungary Ethnicities
Study Guide – Section 65, #5, Palmer pg. 534-535
6. How effective was the Comprise of 1867 as a solution to the nationalities problem in the
Habsburg Empire?
Study Guide – Section 65, Palmer pg. 535-536
Compromise of 1867, Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary (1871)
Study Guide – Section 65, #6, Palmer pg. 535-536
Russia
1. How did the autocracy in Russia differ from absolutism in the West?
Study Guide – Section 66, Palmer pg. 537
2. Explain the role of the “intelligentsia” in Russian life.
Study Guide – Section 66, Palmer pg. 540
3. How did serfdom in Russia before 1861 differ from and
resemble American slavery? What did the Act of Emancipation of 1861
accomplish?
Study Guide – Section 66, Palmer pg. 540-541
4. How did the Russian revolutionists react to the reforms
of Alexander II?
Study Guide – Section 66, Palmer pg. 543-544
Russia
Tsar Alexander II, Emperor of the Russian Empire
• Failure in the Crimean War• Tsar rules by “ukase” and
the secret police• Muzhiks – Serfs• Intelligensia• Sees the need for Reforms
• Emancipation Act of 1861• Legal Changes• Zemstovs
• Assassinated
Study Guide – Section 66, #1-4, Palmer pg. 537-544
Tsar Alexander III•Reacted harshly to his father's assassination•Returned to the repression of the past•Pogroms
•Forced Jewish migration to the Pale
Pogroms
Summary•Every European state tried to use nationalism to support their governments – ex. Crimean War•This met with mixed success, as some dissolved, as some unified, or as others became more repressive•BUT, THE UNIFICATIONS OF ITALY AND GERMANY UPSET THE BALANCE OF POWER IN EUROPE!
Recommended