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the Indian National the Indian National CongressCongress 1885 1885 The Indian National The Indian National
CongressCongress was founded in Bombay. was founded in Bombay.
swarajswaraj “independence.” “independence.” ** the goal of the movement. the goal of the movement.
Jawaharlal nehruJawaharlal nehru
1889 - 19641889 - 1964
the Muslim Leaguethe Muslim League 1905 1905 partition of Bengal based on partition of Bengal based on religions and languages. religions and languages.
1906 1906 creation of the Muslim creation of the Muslim League.League.
Mohammed Ali JinnahMohammed Ali Jinnah
1876 - 19481876 - 1948
Young Mohandas K. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, Gandhi,
18761876
1869 - 19481869 - 1948
Gandhi with the Gandhi with the londonlondon
vegetarian society, vegetarian society, 18901890
Gandhi as a Young Gandhi as a Young Barrister in NatalBarrister in Natal
Gandhi as a Lawyer Gandhi as a Lawyer in in
Johannesburg, So. Johannesburg, So. AfricaAfrica
Gandhi and His Gandhi and His Wife, Kasturba, Wife, Kasturba,
19151915
Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar Massacre, 19191919
379 dead; over 1200 wounded!379 dead; over 1200 wounded!1,000
Salt March, 1930Salt March, 1930
MakingMakingSaltSalt
Gandhi spinning Gandhi spinning clothcloth
Gandhi and His Gandhi and His Grandaughters, Grandaughters,
19471947
Pre-PartitionPre-Partition
Last Viceroy of India Last Viceroy of India
Lord Louis & Lady Edwina MontbattenLord Louis & Lady Edwina Montbatten
PartitionPartition!!
MAYOMAYOMAYOMAYO
Border problemsBorder problemsBorder problemsBorder problems
Jawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal Nehru 11stst Prime Minister Prime Minister
of India, of India, 1947-1964.1947-1964.
Advocated Advocated Industrialization.Industrialization.
Promoted “Green Promoted “Green Revolution”.Revolution”.
introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation
Mixed Economy.Mixed Economy. Nonaligned Movement.Nonaligned Movement.
Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement
Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement
The “mix” refers to private and The “mix” refers to private and
public ownership. public ownership. Foreign aid and foreign Foreign aid and foreign investment investment are crucial. are crucial.
Urban areas have high-tech Urban areas have high-tech companies. companies.
Three quarters of the Three quarters of the population are population are farmers living in small villages. farmers living in small villages.
India's India's "Green Revolution""Green Revolution" allowed allowed farmers to triple their crop by farmers to triple their crop by using using modern science and technology. modern science and technology.
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”
India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
Introducing Introducing higher-higher-yielding yielding varieties of varieties of seeds in 1965.seeds in 1965.
Increased use of Increased use of fertilizers & fertilizers & irrigation.irrigation.
GOALGOAL make make India self-India self-sufficient in food sufficient in food grains.grains.
Nehru’s Nehru’s daughter.daughter.
Prime Minister of Prime Minister of India, 1966-1984.India, 1966-1984.
Continues Continues Nehru’s policies.Nehru’s policies.
Faced corruption Faced corruption charges & charges & internal rebellion.internal rebellion.
Assassinated in Assassinated in 1984.1984.
Indira Indira GandhiGandhiIndira Indira GandhiGandhi
Mrs. Gandhi Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!assassinated!Mrs. Gandhi Mrs. Gandhi
assassinated!assassinated!
Mrs. Gandhi lying in Mrs. Gandhi lying in state.state.
Indira’s son.Indira’s son. Prime Minister of Prime Minister of
India, 1984-1989.India, 1984-1989. Some reform of Some reform of
economy and economy and government.government.
Also faced Also faced rebellion.rebellion.
Assassinated in Assassinated in 1991 while 1991 while campaigning.campaigning.
Rajiv Rajiv GandhiGandhiRajiv Rajiv
GandhiGandhi
Italian-bornItalian-born Sonia Maino Sonia Maino married married RajivRajiv 1968. 1968.
She movedShe moved into the into the househouse of mother- of mother-in-in- law, Prime law, Prime Minister Minister Indira Indira Gandhi.Gandhi.
A foreigner joins the A foreigner joins the familyfamily
A foreigner joins the A foreigner joins the familyfamily
1983 1983 Indian Indian citizen. citizen.
1984 1984 first first ladylady when her when her husband, husband, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, succeeded his succeeded his assassinated assassinated mother as Prime mother as Prime Minister. Minister.
Mrs. Sonia Maino Mrs. Sonia Maino GandhiGandhi
Mrs. Sonia Maino Mrs. Sonia Maino GandhiGandhi
1991 1991 Tragedy struck the Gandhi Tragedy struck the Gandhifamily again when Rajiv was killed family again when Rajiv was killed by by a suicide bomber.a suicide bomber.
Sonia GandhiSonia Gandhi remains remains RomanRoman Catholic, but Catholic, but follows follows HinduHindu and Indian and Indian traditions. traditions.
With her With her children, she children, she scattered scattered Rajiv's ashes Rajiv's ashes in the in the Ganges. Ganges.
After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away from from the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to startstart her own career as a “Gandhi” again her own career as a “Gandhi” again andand became an important political leader. became an important political leader.
Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Priyanka have also become Priyanka have also become politically active. politically active.
When her When her partyparty won in the won in the recent recent elections, elections, she was asked she was asked to be Prime to be Prime Minister. Minister.
She decided She decided notnot to accept the to accept the position. position.
““The Jewel turns down The Jewel turns down the crown!”the crown!”““The Jewel turns down The Jewel turns down the crown!”the crown!”
May 2004 May 2004 he he held up a letter held up a letter from India's from India's president president authorizing him to authorizing him to form a new form a new government as government as prime minister. prime minister.
He stood next toHe stood next to Sonia Gandhi, the Sonia Gandhi, the candidate for the candidate for the post who stunned post who stunned the country when she declined the the country when she declined the office. office.
Manmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan Singh
May 2004May 2004
India Swears in 13th Prime India Swears in 13th Prime Minister Minister and the first Sikh in the job. and the first Sikh in the job.
Overpopulation Overpopulation 1 billion & 1 billion & climbing.climbing.
Economic development.Economic development. Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues dowry killings. dowry killings. Caste bias Caste bias discrimination discrimination against against untouchables untouchables continues.continues.
The Kashmir dispute and nuclear The Kashmir dispute and nuclear
weapons. weapons. Political assassinations.Political assassinations.
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in india todayin india today
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in india todayin india today
Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?
Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?
Led briefly by Led briefly by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Prime Minister Ayub Prime Minister Ayub Khan.Khan.
Dangerous combinationDangerous combination Was not prepared Was not prepared
to rule in 1948.to rule in 1948. Strong Islamic Strong Islamic
fundamentalism.fundamentalism. Impoverished.Impoverished.
Pakistan divides in 1972Pakistan divides in 1972 W. Pakistan = PakistanW. Pakistan = Pakistan E. Pakistan = E. Pakistan =
BangladeshBangladesh
pakistapakistann
pakistapakistann
First Woman Prime First Woman Prime Minister, 1988Minister, 1988 Ousted in 1990, Ousted in 1990,
1993 on 1993 on corruption corruption charges.charges.
Nawaz SharifNawaz Sharif Ousted three Ousted three
times.times. Struggle between Struggle between
modernizers and modernizers and fundamentalists.fundamentalists.
Benazir BhuttoBenazir BhuttoBenazir BhuttoBenazir Bhutto
Coup d’etatCoup d’etat.. Secular government against Secular government against Islamic Islamic fundamentalists. fundamentalists. U.S. ally in the “War on U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.”Terror.”
Gen. Pervex Gen. Pervex MusharaffMusharaff
Gen. Pervex Gen. Pervex MusharaffMusharaff
Economic development.Economic development. Political instability/militaryPolitical instability/military dictatorship. dictatorship.
Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues honor honor killings.killings.
Terrorism.Terrorism. The Kashmir dispute and The Kashmir dispute and nuclear nuclear weapons. weapons.
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today
1971 India-Pakistan 1971 India-Pakistan WarWar
1971 India-Pakistan 1971 India-Pakistan WarWar
Mrs. Gandhi with her Mrs. Gandhi with her troopstroops
Mrs. Gandhi with her Mrs. Gandhi with her troopstroops
2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics
What title would you What title would you give this political give this political
cartoon?cartoon?
What title would you What title would you give this political give this political
cartoon?cartoon?
The India-Pakistan The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in Arms Race Heats Up in
the Late 1990sthe Late 1990s
The India-Pakistan The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in Arms Race Heats Up in
the Late 1990sthe Late 1990s
2002 Nuclear 2002 Nuclear StatisticsStatistics
2002 Nuclear 2002 Nuclear StatisticsStatistics
India’s Prithvi Missiles India’s Prithvi Missiles First Tested in 1988First Tested in 1988
India’s Prithvi Missiles India’s Prithvi Missiles First Tested in 1988First Tested in 1988
Hot Air Balloon Protesting India Hot Air Balloon Protesting India & Pakistan’s nuclear testing - & Pakistan’s nuclear testing -
19981998
India Displays Nuclear India Displays Nuclear Missiles During “Republic Missiles During “Republic
Day,” - 2002Day,” - 2002
India Successfully India Successfully Tested Agni Missiles - Tested Agni Missiles -
20022002
India Successfully India Successfully Tested Agni Missiles - Tested Agni Missiles -
20022002
Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?
India's Prime India's Prime MinisterMinister
ManMohan ManMohan SinghSingh
Pakistan's Pakistan's PresidentPresident
Pervez Pervez MusharrafMusharraf
New Friends?New Friends?New Friends?New Friends?Musharraf and India's Prime Musharraf and India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Minister Manmohan Singh speak by telephone speak by telephone frequently affirming a strong frequently affirming a strong desire for peace and desire for peace and resolution of their disputes, resolution of their disputes, including Kashmir, on which including Kashmir, on which the two countries have the two countries have fought two of their three fought two of their three wars. wars.
Partners in the “War Partners in the “War on Terror?”on Terror?”
Partners in the “War Partners in the “War on Terror?”on Terror?”
US Sells F-16 Jets to US Sells F-16 Jets to Pakistan—India Not Pakistan—India Not
Pleased!Pleased! (3/25/05)(3/25/05)
US Sells F-16 Jets to US Sells F-16 Jets to Pakistan—India Not Pakistan—India Not
Pleased!Pleased! (3/25/05)(3/25/05)
ManMohan Singh ManMohan Singh of India with of India with
President Bush President Bush (9/04)(9/04)
What does Bhutto's death mean to the western world and what's its implications on the plan to bring stability to the Middle East? The US were relying on Benazir Bhutto as a means of bringing democracy to Pakistan. (BBC)
Benazir Bhutto was assassinated on Thursday December 27, 2007. She was a former President and opposition candidate running against Pervez Musharraf
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