Modern IndiaModern India Indian Indian

National National CongressCongress

Mohandas Mohandas GandhiGandhi

1885: Indian National Congress 1885: Indian National Congress founded in Bombayfounded in Bombay

Reform Party for IndependenceReform Party for Independence Unsupportive of Indian policy Unsupportive of Indian policy

through WWII until Official through WWII until Official Independence declared in 1947Independence declared in 1947

Born in IndiaBorn in India Educated in LondonEducated in London Lawyer in S. AfricaLawyer in S. Africa

Became disgusted with how the British Became disgusted with how the British treated people in S. Africa and Indiatreated people in S. Africa and India

Promoted and encouraged NONVIOLENT Promoted and encouraged NONVIOLENT PROTESTPROTEST

Spiritual and Political leader in IndiaSpiritual and Political leader in India Assassinated in 1948Assassinated in 1948

Muslim Muslim LeagueLeague

1905: partition of Bengal based 1905: partition of Bengal based on religions and languages.on religions and languages.

1906: creation of the Muslim 1906: creation of the Muslim League.League.

1940 Requested an 1940 Requested an independent state from Indiaindependent state from India

Became political party in Became political party in PakistanPakistan

Dissolved in 1970Dissolved in 1970

1. What values did Gandhi posses?

2. What is the purpose of this poster?

3. Gandhi promoted nonviolence, how would his opponents feel about this message?

PartitioPartitionn

Separation of land into India and Separation of land into India and PakistanPakistan

India: HinduIndia: Hindu Pakistan: MuslimPakistan: Muslim Disputed region of KashmirDisputed region of Kashmir Caused mass migration of Caused mass migration of

Muslims to Pakistan and Muslims to Pakistan and Religious rioting and death. Religious rioting and death.

East Pakistan became East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971Bangladesh in 1971

Modern Modern PakistanPakistan/India /India ConflictConflict

Still disagreeing over Kashmir Still disagreeing over Kashmir RegionRegion

Both have nuclear weaponsBoth have nuclear weapons NRDC Says 50-75 eachNRDC Says 50-75 each What would happen if they What would happen if they

used their weapons? used their weapons?

1. Who is represented in this cartoon?

2. What message is the artist trying to convey?

3. List two elements of Cartooning used in the image.

KashmirKashmir Kashmiri’s are Tribal, rugged Kashmiri’s are Tribal, rugged terrain, underdeveloped industry, terrain, underdeveloped industry, no oil gold or silver discovered… no oil gold or silver discovered…

Why the fuss?Why the fuss? Control of Indus RiverControl of Indus River Religious SitesReligious Sites

Pakistan (Muslim)Pakistan (Muslim) Kashmir (Muslim)Kashmir (Muslim) India (Hindu)India (Hindu)

Strategic LocationStrategic Location India: Buffer from PakistanIndia: Buffer from Pakistan Pakistan: fertile roadway into India for Pakistan: fertile roadway into India for

invasioninvasion

Who is in Control?Who is in Control? IndiaIndia Why?Why?

1960’s UN gave Kashmir a Choice: India or 1960’s UN gave Kashmir a Choice: India or Pakistan?Pakistan?

Pakistan invaded to persuadePakistan invaded to persuade People wanted Pakistan (Islam)People wanted Pakistan (Islam) Prince wanted India (Protection from Prince wanted India (Protection from

Pakistan)Pakistan) Pakistan never accepted and still believes Pakistan never accepted and still believes

Kashmir should be part of PakistanKashmir should be part of Pakistan War & TerrorismWar & Terrorism

60 Years=3 Wars60 Years=3 Wars India won all threeIndia won all three Still fighting in form of TerrorismStill fighting in form of Terrorism

Why doesn’t the UN/US step in?Why doesn’t the UN/US step in? Lose, Lose SituationLose, Lose Situation

Treaty with Pakistan and war against terrorTreaty with Pakistan and war against terror Trade and industry with IndiaTrade and industry with India

1. What does the map show?

2. How does the map help you understand more about the issue of Kashmir?

3. What could potentially happen if Pakistan decided to make a military advance into Kashmir?

India should never have been partitioned. The benefits of India's growth would have been shared by all and huge sums of defense money saved and redirected to better causes.

Penal, London

1. Explain the viewpoint of the speaker in this message.

2. Do you agree or disagree and explain why?