The Digital Cellular Evolution and its Impact on the Alarm Industry 2011-03-03

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The Digital CellularEvolution and its

Impact on the Alarm Industry2011-03-03

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TopicsTopics

• Cellular Technologies and Their Evolution• Status of Digital Cellular• Impact on the Alarm Industry• Questions

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GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE

First Deploymen

t

c. 1991 (Digital GSM)

c. 2001 c. 2003 c. 2005 2007 2009+ 2010+ 2011+

Spectrum Needed

200 kHz channels

200 kHz channels

200 kHz channels

5 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz1.25 – 20

MHz

Protocol TDMA TDMA TDMA W-CDMA W-CDMA W-CDMAW-CDMA

MIMO antenna

D: OFDMAU: SC-FDMA

GeneralVoice?

Yes No No YesNo

(VOIP?)No

(VOIP?)VOIP VOIP

DataCircuit

SwitchedIP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data

Theoretical Rate

(kbits/sec)9.6

D: 80–60U: 20-40

236-473(4–8 slot)

384D: 14,400

U: 384D: ?

U: 5,760D: 42,000U: 11,500

D: 100,000U: 50,000(20 MHz)

Typical Rate

(kbits/sec)< 9.6 5-20 60-100+ Est: 200+

D: 1,000+U: 200+

D: ?Est U: 1,000+

TBD TBD

Current Radio Cost

GSM-Only radios rare

$ $$ $$+ $$+ SS+ TBD TBD

““GSM / UMTS” Family EvolutionGSM / UMTS” Family Evolution

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““cdmaOne / CDMA2000” Family cdmaOne / CDMA2000” Family EvolutionEvolution

cdmaOne 1XRTTEVDORev. 0

EVDORev. A

EVDORev. B

LTEMobileWiMAX

First Deployment

c. 1998 c. 2003 c. 2004 c. 2007 Unlikely 2011+ 2009+

Spectrum Needed

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHzMultiple 1.25

MHz1.25 – 20 MHz

5, 8.75, 10 MHz

Protocol CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMAD: OFDMA

U: SC-FDMAD: SOFDMA

U:

GeneralVoice?

Yes No NoNo

(VOIP)No

(VOIP)VOIP

(future)VOIP

(future)

DataCircuit

SwitchedIP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data

Theo. Rate (kbits/sec)

14.4 153D: 2,400U: 153

D: 3,100U: 1,800

D: 4,900 x N*U: 1,800 x N*

D: 100,000U: 50,000(20 MHz)

D: 70,000U: 70,000(20 MHz)

Typ. Rate (kbits/sec)

< 14.4 60-100D: 600-900U: 60-100

D: 600-1,400U: 400-600

TBD TBD

D: 4,000–8,000

U: 1,500-3,000

CurrentRadio Cost

CDMA-Only radios rare

$+ $$ $$ --- TBD $$* N=number of 1.25 MHz bands of spectrum used.If N=3, then this is called “3X EVDO”.Bands do not need to be contiguous!

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Current Generation GSM Family Current Generation GSM Family EvolutionEvolution

• Current ITU standards• No forward compatibility

– GPRS radios cannot operate in EDGE mode– GPRS / EDGE radios cannot operate in UMTS mode

• Backward compatibility, yes– UMTS radios can operate in GPRS and EDGE mode

• UMTS standards kept modular by the ITU• To allow for easy removal of GPRS and EDGE

• Technology transitions• HS*PA data transports use W-CDMA, not TDMA• LTE uses OFDMA and SC-FDMA

– Radio cost and transition plan to deal with

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Current Generation CDMA Family Current Generation CDMA Family EvolutionEvolution

• 1XRTT• 1XRTT shares band with EVDO Rev. 0 and Rev. A

• EVDO (Rev. 0, A and B)• Rev. A changes uplink modulation

– Enhances uplink data rate

• Rev. B change modulations further– Further enhances date rate in both directions

• Other• EVDO falls back to 1XRTT when EVDO not present

– Within the same band– Just a different modulation scheme

• EVDO Rev. B and 3X EVDO will not be deployed– Selection of LTE precludes them from consideration

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4G … 4G … LLong ong TTerm erm EEvolution (“LTE”)volution (“LTE”)

• General• 1.25 MHz – 20 MHz spectrum requirements

– Allows deployment when 5 MHz allocations not available

• Has very high spectral efficiency– Getting closer and closer to Shannon’s Law limits

• Is being deployed in new bands– To avoid cannibalizing existing services

• LTE is not backwards compatible to UMTS• Different protocols – chipset cost & performance

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4G … Mobile WiMAX4G … Mobile WiMAX

• General• 5, 8.75 and 10MHz spectrum requirements

– Slightly less flexible than LTE

• Has very high spectral efficiency– Getting closer and closer to Shannon’s Law limits

• Is being deployed in new bands– To avoid cannibalizing existing services

• The term “WiMAX” includes multiple subsets • “Mobile WiMAX” (IEEE 802.16e) and “Fixed

WiMAX” (IEEE 802.16d) for example– Their use purposes are quite different– “Fixed WiMAX” does not interop with “Mobile WiMAX”!

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VerizonVerizon

• 1XRTT and EVDO Rev. 0 everywhere they have spectrum• EVDO Rev. A in most markets too• Will maintain 1X and EVDO through 2018

• Deploying LTE ahead of AT&T in the US• MetroPCS was first to go commercial though

• LTE is in 700MHz band• Using 20MHz channel• Many markets by end of 2011• Fuller coverage by 2014 to 2015

• Decent spectrum position• 700MHz (20MHz available), 850MHz and 1.9GHz in

many markets

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AT&TAT&T

• GSM/GPRS/EDGE everywhere, HS*PA in most major markets• GPRS and EDGE performance

– Became more obvious with iPhone 1 introduction• Temporarily masked by iPhone 3/3GS deployment

– So, performance “improved” for other M2M customers

• Planning to deploy LTE• Is a year (or more) behind Verizon• Has slowed (stopped?) their HS*PA expansion

• Weakest spectrum position• 800Mhz, 1.9GHz and 2.1GHz in many markets• Needs to re-use 800MHz spectrum with more efficient

technology– Puts pressure on GSM/GPRS futures

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SprintSprint

• 1XRTT and EVDO Rev. A everywhere they have 1900MHz spectrum• Extensive roaming agreements to achieve comparable

coverage to Verizon

• Converting iDen spectrum to 1XRTT & EVDO Rev. A• Will provide 1XRTT and EVDO well beyond Verizon

• First to go All-Digital and first to deploy 4G• WiMAX started in 2009

• Rapidly deploying WiMAX• All major markets by end of 2011, full coverage by 2012 to

2013

• Very likely to also deploy LTE• Best spectrum position

• 800MHz, 1.9GHz and 2.5GHz (192MHz available)

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Technology LongevityTechnology Longevity

• GPRS is slowly degrading in most markets• AT&T will selective re-purpose 800MHz spectrum for 4G …

– By 2014 – 2015, GPRS may have performance issues– Major markets likely to be impacted first

• 1XRTT and EVDO longevity more assured• Verizon through 2018 … at least• Sprint will go longer than 2018 … possible 5 to 10 years

– Using their iDEN 800MHz spectrum (30,000 towers)

• HS*PA longevity somewhat unknown• Likely to start degrading by 2016+ as AT&T LTE happens• T-Mobile may go longer (in major cities) with HSPA+

• LTE and WiMAX are the [current] future• Verizon (LTE), AT&T (LTE) and Sprint (WiMAX and LTE)• Will be “data-only” for a while till VOIP is deployed• “All-IP” technologies are far easier to deploy and grow

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Does The Alarm Industry Need 4G?Does The Alarm Industry Need 4G?

• Selective uses• You all are the experts here

• Likely places• Full Video streaming, Inter-station transmissions, Other?

• When is important• Industry needs to avoid the Analog transition issues• … the FCC is not likely to help with “5 year sunsets” this

time• Radio costs are a concern

• GPRS radios are very inexpensive today– But, module manufacturers are not introducing any new products

• But, GPRS cost differential to 1X is decreasing– New 1X and EVDO radios are being released

• HS*PA radios are generally more expensive than EVDO– W-CDMA chip cost scales just like CDMA

• WiMAX and LTE radio costs are unknowns at this time– But may end up lower than HS*PA and EVDO radios later

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Thank You(more support slides follow)

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ContactContact

• Syed Zaeem Hosain (“Z”)• Chief Technical Officer• Direct: 408-557-1905• E-mail: Syed.Hosain@aeris.net

• Address• Aeris Communications, Inc.

2033 Gateway Place, Suite 450San Jose, CA 95110.

• Web site• www.aeris.net

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““Wireless is Less Reliable Than Wireless is Less Reliable Than Landline!”Landline!”

• But … users and customers are saying otherwise• Landline-connected households continue to drop

– In May, 2010: 25% residences without landline– By 2014: 35-40% residences will be without wireline

• Copper wiring in major cities is degrading slowly– Pressurized, paper-wrap wire bundles are failing

– Water, time and exposure when repairing, is taking its toll

– Very expensive to replace the copper– Albeit some replacement with optical fiber is occurring in major cities

• In disaster scenarios …• Cellular stays working …• … or is brought back faster than landline

• Wireless growth continuing• More cellular devices in use than population

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WiMAX is WiMAX is NOTNOT related to WiFi related to WiFi

• Confusion arises perhaps because …• Both terms begin with the letters “Wi”• Both standards begin with “IEEE 802.”• Both have “something to do with wireless data & the

Internet”• WiFi

• Is a short-range system (multiple meters)• Uses unlicensed spectrum• Is typically used for fixed-location Internet-access

– Used for access to a network on “operator’s” own property– No hand-off when in motion

• Is more analogous to “cordless phone”• WiMAX

• Is a longer-range system (multiple kilometers)• Uses licensed spectrum• Has Mobile and Fixed variants for different purposes• Is more analogous to “cell phone”

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AcronymsAcronyms

Term Acronym

1X EVDO 1X Evolution-Data Optimized

1XRTT 1X Radio Transmission Technology

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project (GSM Technologies)

3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (ANSI-41 Technologies)

3X EVDO 3X Evolution-Data Optimized

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

EDGE Enhanced Data-rate for GSM Environment; Enhanced Data for Global Evolution

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

Flash-OFDM Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff OFDM

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSPA+ Evolved High-Speed Packet Access

HSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

LTE 3GPP Long Term Evolution

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output (antenna technology)

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA

SOFDMA Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

TDMA Time Domain Multiple Access

UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone Service

W-CDMA Wide-band CDMA

WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access