Survey of the Kingdoms

Survey of the Kingdoms

(multiple chapters)

Kingdom Protista•Heterotrophic or autotrophic•Unicellular or multicellular•Mostly aquatic•Mostly asexual•Motile or Nonmotile•Endosymbiosis theory explains how organelles develop

Plant-like Protists

Algae, Euglena(things with chloroplasts)

Animal Like Protists - 

These usually swim, and have methods of movement, they must consume their food

Kingdom Fungi

•Heterotrophic•Unicellular or multicellular•Mostly terrestrial•Asexual or Sexual•Nonmotile (cell walls)•Decomposers

Mushrooms, mold, yeast

Fungus of a variety of species...... cordyceps is a parasitic fungi that infects ants and other insects

Kingdom Plantae

•multicellular•nonmotile (cell walls)•autotrophic•Mostly terrestrial•Asexual and Sexual

Kingdom Animalia•multicellular•heterotrophic•Terrestrial & Aquatic•Sexual (a few are asexual)•Motile (few are nonmotile, like sponge)

Humans belong to the Animal Kingdom, Class Mammalia and to the Order Primate.

Scientists and philosophers have always wondered what separates us from other animals

Is it...

a)  tool use       b) communicationc) intelligence  d) society

Animal Phylogeny - showing a record of relationships between organisms

Protostomes  - mouth develops firstPhylum Mollusca " Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs" Class Cephalopoda - squids, octopus" Class Bivalvia - Clams, oysters

Phylum Annelida -- segmented worms" Polychaetes - marine predators with parapodia" Oligochaetes - terrestrial worms and leeches

Phylum Arthropoda - segmented bodies, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, largest phyla" Subphylum Crustacea - crabs, lobsters" Subphylum Uniramia - insects (Class Insecta), millipedes, centipedes " Subphylum Chelicerata - spiders, scorpions

Deuterostomes - anus develops first   (anus =doodoo)

Phylum Echinodermata (starfish)

** Echinoderms have radial symmetry and a unique water vascular system for locomotion Phylum Chordata - has notochord (dorsal nerve cord)

*Lanceletes & Seas Squirts are nonvertebrate chordates

Subphylum VertebrataIn vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column. Most vertebrates also have a head region, endoskeleton, and paired appendages.

1. Jawless Fishes (lamprey & hagfish)2. Cartilage Fishes (sharks & rays)3. Bony Fishes (salmon, goldfish, carp)4. Amphibians5. Reptiles6. Birds7. Mammals