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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE OF STATE
POLICY
1. It is mentioned in Part IV of our
constitution.
2. Article 36 to 51 defines about it.
3. It was borrowed from Irish Constitution.
4. According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar- It is a
‘novel feature’ of Indian constitution.
5. According to Granville Austin It is
‘Conscience of constitution’.
6. Main objective of the Directive principle of
state policy is establishment of a welfare
state.
7. Unlike Fundamental rights, Directive
principle of state policy are not enforceable.
AMENDMENTS RELATED TO DIRECTIVE
PRINCIPLE OF STATE POLICY
1. 4 new Directive principles are added to the
original list through The 42nd constitutional
amendment act 1976 [Article 39, Article 39
(A), Article 43 (A) and Article 48 A]
2. 1 new article was added through 44th
constitutional amendment of 1978.
3. Through 86th constitutional amendment
Elementary education was made a
fundamental right under Article 21 A.
4. 97th constitutional amendment act of 2011
added a new Directive principle associated
to co-operative societies (Article 43 B)
ARTICLES UNDER DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE
OF STATE POLICY
Article 36 Definition of term “the State” same as
mentioned under Fundamental right Part III.
Article 37 It says these DPSP are fundamental in
nature and application of these principles are duty
of the state.
Article 38 Promotion of social, economic and
political justice Reducing the inequalities related to
income, status, facilities and opportunities.
Article 39 The State shall, in particular, direct its
policy towards securing— - the right to an adequate
means of livelihood to all the citizens, men and
women equally - equal pay for equal work for both
men and women; - Protecting health and strength of
workers and children’s against forcible abuse. -
Opportunities for healthy development of children.
Article 39 (a) : Promoting equal justice and free
legal aid to the poor.
Article 40 Organisation of village panchayats
Article 41 Provision regarding right to work, to
education and to public assistance in cases of
unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement.
Article 42 Provision for just and human conditions
of work and maternity relief Making provision for
securing just and humane conditions of work and for
maternity relief.
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Article 43 Endeavoring living wages, a decent
standard of life, social & cultural opportunities to all
agricultural, industrial and all other workers.
Article 43 (A): Regarding Participation of workers
in management of industries.
Article 44 Uniform civil code in the territory of
India.
Article 45 Provision for free and compulsory
education for children up to the age of 14 years.
Article 46 Promotion of educational and economic
interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections
Article 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of
nutrition and the standard of living and to improve
public health. It also explains about prohibition of
the consumption except for medicinal purpose of
intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious
to health
Article 48 Organization of agriculture and animal
husbandry 48 (A): Protection and improvement of
environment and safeguarding of forests and wild
life
Article 49 Protection of monuments and places and
objects of national importance , from spoliation,
disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or
export.
Article 50 Separation of judiciary from executive
Article 51 Promotion of international peace and
security
Article 36 : Definition As per this article, term “the
State” has the same meaning as mentioned under
Fundamental right Part III.
Article 37 : Application of the principles contained
in this Part The provisions contained in this Part
shall not be enforced by any court, but the principles
therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in
the governance of the country and it shall be the
duty of the State to apply these principles in making
laws.
Article 38 : State to secure a social order for the
promotion of welfare of the people
The State shall strive to promote the welfare
of the people by securing and protecting as
effectively as it may a social order in which
justice, social, economic and political, shall
inform all the institutions of the national life.
The State shall, in particular, strive to
minimize the inequalities in income, and
endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status,
facilities and opportunities, not only
amongst individuals but also amongst
groups of people residing in different areas
or engaged in different vocations.
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Article 39 : Certain principles of policy to be
followed by the State The State shall, in particular,
direct its policy towards securing –
(a) that the citizen, men and women equally,
have the right to an adequate means of
livelihood;
(b) that the ownership and control of the
material resources of the community are so
distributed as best to sub serve the common
good;
(c) that the operation of the economic system
does not result in the concentration of wealth
and means of production to the common
detriment;
(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for
both men and women;
(e) that the health and strength of workers, men
and women, and the tender age of children
are not abused and that citizens are not
forced by economic necessity to enter
avocations unsuited to their age or strength;
(f) that children are given opportunities and
facilities to develop in a healthy manner and
in conditions of freedom and dignity and
that childhood and youth are protected
against exploitation and against moral and
material abandonment.
Article 39A : Equal justice and free legal aid The
State shall secure that the operation of the legal
system promotes justice, on a basis of equal
opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free
legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in
any other way, to ensure that opportunities for
securing justice are not denied to any citizen by
reason of economic or other disabilities.
Article 40 : Organization of village panchayats The
State shall take steps to organize village panchayats
and endow them with such powers and authority as
may be necessary to enable them to function as units
of self-government.
Article 41 : Right to work, to education and to
public assistance in certain cases The State shall,
within the limits of its economic capacity and
development, make effective provision for securing
the right to work, to education and to public
assistance in cases of unemployment, old age,
sickness and disablement, and in other cases of
undeserved want.
Article 42 : Provision for just and humane
conditions of work and maternity relief The State
shall make provision for securing just and humane
conditions of work and for maternity relief.
Article 43 : Living wage, etc., for workers The State
shall endeavor to secure, by suitable legislation or
economic organization or in any other way, to all
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workers agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work,
a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent
standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and
social and cultural opportunities and, in particular,
the State shall endeavor to promote cottage
industries on an individual or co-operative basis in
rural areas.
Article 43A : Participation of workers in
management of industries The State shall take steps,
by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure
the participation of workers in the management of
undertakings, establishments or other organization
engaged in any industry.
Article 44 : Uniform civil code for the citizen The
State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a
uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
Article 45 : Provision for free and compulsory
education for children The State shall endeavor to
provide, within a period of ten years from the
commencement of this Constitution, for free and
compulsory education for all children until they
complete the age of fourteen years.
Article 46 : Promotion of educational and economic
interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections The State shall promote with
special care the educational and economic interests
of the weaker sections of the people, and in
particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the
Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from
social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
Article 47 : Duty of the State to raise the level of
nutrition and the standard of living and to improve
public health The State shall regard the raising of
the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its
people and the improvement of public health as
among its primary duties and, in particular, the State
shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the
consumption except for medicinal purpose of
intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious
to health.
Article 48 : Organization of agriculture and animal
husbandry The State shall endeavor to organize
agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and
scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for
preserving and improving the breeds, and
prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and
other mulch and draught cattle.
Article 48A : Protection and improvement of
environment and safeguarding of forests and wild
life The State shall endeavor to protect and improve
the environment and to safeguard the forests and
wild life of the country.
Article 49 : Protection of monuments and places
and objects of national importance It shall be the
obligation of the State to protect every monument or
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place or object of artistic or historic interest,
declared by or under law made by Parliament to be
of national importance, from spoliation,
disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or
export, as the case may be.
Article50 : Separation of judiciary from executive
The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary
from the executive in the public services of the
State.
Article 51 : Promotion of international peace and
security
The State shall endeavor to –
(a) promote international peace and security;
(b) maintain just and honorable relations
between nations;
(c) foster respect for international law and treaty
obligations in the dealings of organized
people with one another; and
(d) encourage settlement of international
disputes by arbitration.
CONFLICT BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE OF
STATE POLICY
1. Golak Nath Case (1967) As per this verdict
of Supreme Court Fundamental rights
cannot be amended for the implementation
of the directive principles. 2. Minerva Mill
Case (1980) As per this verdict
‘Fundamental rights and DPSP are
complimentary to each other’.Court also
held that ‘the Indian constitution is founded
on the bedrock of the balance between
Fundamental rights and DPSP’
DIRECTIVES OUTSIDE PART IV
Apart from Directive principle of state policy as
mentioned in part IV, some other parts also
contained some directives. They are as follows:
1. Claims of people belonging to SCs and STs
to services – Article 335 – Part XVI
2. Providing primary stage education to
children of minority communities in their
mother tongue – Article 350- A – part XVII
3. Promotion and development of Hindi
language – Article 351 – part XVII
QUESTIONS RELATED TO DIRECTIVE
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
Q1. Separation of the judiciary from the
executive has been provided in one of the
following parts of the Indian Constitution :
(a) The Preamble
(b) The Fundamental Rights
(c) The Directive Principles of State Policy
(d) The Seventh Schedule
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Q2. Under the Directive Principles of State
Policy, up to what age of children they are
expected to be provided free and
compulsory education ?
(a) 14 years
(b) 15 years
(c) 16 years
(d) 18 years
Q3. Which part of the Indian Constitution deals
with the Directive Principles of the State
Policy ?
(a) Part I
(b) Part III
(c) Part IV
(d) Part V
Q4. Which Directive Principle bears the direct
impact of Gandhi's moral philosophy ?
(a) Equal pay for equal work
(b) Provision of free legal aid and advice
(c) Prohibition of the slaughter of cows
(d) Protection of the moments of historical
importance
Q5. In which one of the following is promotion
of international peace and security
mentioned in the Constitution of India ?
(a) Preamble to the Constitution
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Fundamental Duties
(d) The Ninth Schedule
Q6 . The Articles of the Constitution of India
which deal with Directive Principles of State
Policy are :
(a) 26 to 41 (b) 30 to 45
(c) 36 to 51 (d) 40 to 55
Q7. By which Amendment Act of the
Constitution of India were the Directive
Principles of the State Policy given
precedence over the Fundamental Right
wherever they come into conflict ?
(a) 40th (b) 42nd
(c) 44th (d) 46th
Q8. Which of the following are stated as
Directive Principles of State Policy by
Article 51 of the Constitution of India ? The
State shall endeavor to—
1. Promote international peace and security
2. Maintain just and honorable relation
between nations
3. Encourage settlement of international
disputes by arbitration
Select the correct answer using the code given
below—
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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Q9. Panchayati Raj System in India is laid down
under—
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Fundamental Duties
(c) Directive Principles of State Policy
(d) Election Commission Act
Q10. 'Equal pay for equal work' has been ensured
in the Indian Constitution as one of the—
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Fundamental Duties
(d) Economic Rights
Q11. The concept of 'Welfare State' is included in
which part of the Indian Constitution ?
(a) Preamble of the Constitution . .
(b) The Fundamental Rights
(c) The Directive Principles of State
Policy
(d) The Fundamental Duties
Q12. Which of the following is NOT included in
the Directive Principles of State Policy ?
(a) Prohibition of liquor
(b) Right to work
(c) Equal wage for equal work
(d) Right to information
Q13. 'The Directive Principles of State Policy is a
cheque which is paid on Bank's
convenience'. Who told it ?
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) K.M. Munshi
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) K.T. Seth
Q14. Which one of the following is a Directive
Principle of State Policy ?
(a) The State shall endeavor to protect and
improve the environment
(b) The State shall not deny to any person
equality before law
(c) The state shall not discriminate against
any person on grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth
(d) Untouchability enforcement
Q15. The Directive Principles of State Policy are:
(a) Justiciable
(b) Non-justiciable .
(c) Only some of the provisions are
Justiciable
(d) None of the above
Q16. The purpose of the inclusion of Directive
Principle of State Policy in the Indian
Constitution is to establish:
(a) Political democracy
(b) Social democracy
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(c) Gandhian democracy
(d) Social and economic democracy
Q17. Which one of the following Articles of the
Directive Principles of State Policy deals
with the promotion of international peace
and security ?
(a) 41
(b) 43 A
(c) 48 A
(d) 51
Q18. Consider the following provisions under the
Directive Principles of State Policy as
enshrined in the Constitution of India :
1. Securing for citizens of India a uniform
civil code
2. Organizing village Panchayats
3. Promoting cottage industries in rural
areas
4. Securing for all the workers reasonable
leisure and cultural opportunities
Which of the above are the Gandhian
Principles that are reflected in the Directive
Principles of State Policy ?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1,3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES PART-IVA
(ARTICLE -51A)
Part IVA of Indian Constitution deals with
Fundamental Duties. Originally, the Constitution of
India did not contain these duties.
Fundamental duties were added by 42nd and 86th
Constitutional Amendment acts. As of now there are
11 Fundamental duties. Citizens are morally
obligated by the Constitution to perform these
duties. However, like the Directive Principles, these
are non-justifiable, without any legal sanction in
case of their violation or non-compliance.
Article 51A : Fundamental duties
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India–
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its
ideals and institutions, the National Flag and
the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which
inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity
and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national
service when called upon to do so;
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(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common
brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional
or sectional diversities; to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our
composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural
environment including forests, lakes, rivers
and wild life, and to have compassion for
living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism
and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure
violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of
individual and collective activity so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels of
endeavor and achievement.
(k) to provide opportunities for education by the
parent the guardian, to his child, or a ward
between the age of 6-14 years as the case may
be.
PRESIDENT
Part V - Article- 52 to 78 The Union executive
consist of the President, the Vice-President, the
Prime Minister, the council of ministers and the
attorney general of India
Who is the president?
1. He is the head of the Indian State.
2. He is the first citizen of India
How is the President elected?
Indirect elections by members of Electoral College
consisting of:
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1. The elected members of both the Houses of
Parliament;
2. The elected members of the legislative
assemblies of the states; and
3. The elected members of the legislative
assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and
Puducherry
What is the Qualifications for Election as
President?
1. He should be a citizen of India.
2. He should have completed 35 years of age.
3. He should be qualified for election as a member
of the Lok Sabha.
4. He should not hold any office of profit. Every
candidate has to make a security deposit of Rs
15,000 in the Reserve Bank of India.
Who administers the Oath of the president?
1. The oath of office to the President is
administered by the Chief Justice of India
2. in his absence, the senior most judge of the
Supreme Court
What is the TERM of the president of India?
1. The President holds office for a term of five
years
2. He address resignation letter to the Vice
President.
3. He is eligible for re-election to that office for
any number of terms.
Impeachment of President may be initiated in
which house?
1. President may be removed by the process of
impeachment for ‘violation of the Constitution’
2. an impeachment is a quasi-judicial procedure in
the Parliament which may initiate in either
House of Parliament
3. 14 days’ notice should be given to the President.
4. No President has so far been impeached.
What are the POWERS of the President?
1. Executive powers
2. Legislative powers
3. Financial powers
4. Judicial powers
5. Diplomatic powers
6. Military powers
7. Emergency powers
8. Pardoning powers
What president can do with a bill?
President has three alternatives regarding a bill
1. He may give his assent to the bill, or
2. He may withhold his assent to the bill, or
3. He may return the bill (if it is not a Money bill)
for reconsideration of the Parliament.
What are the veto powers of the president?
1. Absolute veto- withholding of assent
2. Qualified veto-can be overridden with a higher
majority.
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3. Suspensive veto, - over ridden with an ordinary
majority.
4. Pocket veto- taking no action on the bill passed
There is no qualified veto in the case of Indian
President
What are the pardoning powers of the
President?
Article 72 The pardoning power of the President
includes
1. Pardon: completely frees the person from all
types of punishments and disqualifications
2. Commutation: The President may substitute a
harsher punishment with some lighter one, like
changing a death sentence to a life
imprisonment
3. Remission: The basic punishment remains the
same but the duration is shortened
4. Respite: In case of a special circumstance, like
physical disability, the President may award a
lesser sentence than the one that was originally
granted
5. Reprieve: Grants a temporary stay on the
execution of the sentence, allowing some time
for the convict.
LIST OF PRESIDENTS IN INDIA
Year President
1952 Dr. Rajendra Prasad
1957 Dr. Rajendra Prasad
1962 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
1967 Dr. Zakir Hussain
1969 V.V. Giri
1974 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
1977 N. Sanjeeva Reddy
1982 Giani Zail Singh
1987 R. Venkataraman
1992 Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma
1997 K.R. Narayanan
2002 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
2007 Ms. Pratibha Patil
2012 Pranab Mukherjee
2017 Ram Nath kovind
QUESTION ANSWER
Q1. The minimum eligibility to be a Presidential
candidate is the age of?
a) 30 b) 28
c) 21 d) 35
Ans –d
Q2. The head of the Indian state is ?
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Chief Justice of India
d) None of the above
Ans-b
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Q3. Under whose name are the executive
actions of the government carried out?
a) Cabinet
b) Prime Minister
c) President
d) none of the above
Ans-b
Q 4. How many members can nominated by the
President to the Rajya Sabha?
a) 14 b) 6
c) 12 d) 16
Ans-c
Q 5. How many Anglo Indians can nominated by
the President to the Lok Sabha?
a) 14 b) 6
c) 12 d) 2
Ans-d
Q6. Which Presidents died during his term at the
office?
a) Dr Zakir Hussain
b) Rajendra Prasad
c) V.V. Giri
d) Dr S Radhakrishnan
Ans-a
Q7. Name the only President to have been
elected for two consecutive terms?
a) Dr Zakir Hussain
b) Rajendra Prasad
c) APJ Abdul Kalam
d) Pratibha Patil
Ans-b
Q8. Which article of the Constitution empowers
the President to promulgate ordinances?
a) Article 123
b) Article 52
c) Article 25
d) Article 78
Ans-a
Q9. The President of India do not have which
among the following?
a) Absolute Veto
b) Pocket Veto
c) Qualified Veto
d) Suspensive Veto
Ans –c
Q10. The official term of the President's office is?
a) 5 years
b) 10 years
c) 3 years
4) 4 years
Ans-a
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