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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE OF STATE

POLICY

1. It is mentioned in Part IV of our

constitution.

2. Article 36 to 51 defines about it.

3. It was borrowed from Irish Constitution.

4. According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar- It is a

‘novel feature’ of Indian constitution.

5. According to Granville Austin It is

‘Conscience of constitution’.

6. Main objective of the Directive principle of

state policy is establishment of a welfare

state.

7. Unlike Fundamental rights, Directive

principle of state policy are not enforceable.

AMENDMENTS RELATED TO DIRECTIVE

PRINCIPLE OF STATE POLICY

1. 4 new Directive principles are added to the

original list through The 42nd constitutional

amendment act 1976 [Article 39, Article 39

(A), Article 43 (A) and Article 48 A]

2. 1 new article was added through 44th

constitutional amendment of 1978.

3. Through 86th constitutional amendment

Elementary education was made a

fundamental right under Article 21 A.

4. 97th constitutional amendment act of 2011

added a new Directive principle associated

to co-operative societies (Article 43 B)

ARTICLES UNDER DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE

OF STATE POLICY

Article 36 Definition of term “the State” same as

mentioned under Fundamental right Part III.

Article 37 It says these DPSP are fundamental in

nature and application of these principles are duty

of the state.

Article 38 Promotion of social, economic and

political justice Reducing the inequalities related to

income, status, facilities and opportunities.

Article 39 The State shall, in particular, direct its

policy towards securing— - the right to an adequate

means of livelihood to all the citizens, men and

women equally - equal pay for equal work for both

men and women; - Protecting health and strength of

workers and children’s against forcible abuse. -

Opportunities for healthy development of children.

Article 39 (a) : Promoting equal justice and free

legal aid to the poor.

Article 40 Organisation of village panchayats

Article 41 Provision regarding right to work, to

education and to public assistance in cases of

unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement.

Article 42 Provision for just and human conditions

of work and maternity relief Making provision for

securing just and humane conditions of work and for

maternity relief.



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Article 43 Endeavoring living wages, a decent

standard of life, social & cultural opportunities to all

agricultural, industrial and all other workers.

Article 43 (A): Regarding Participation of workers

in management of industries.

Article 44 Uniform civil code in the territory of

India.

Article 45 Provision for free and compulsory

education for children up to the age of 14 years.

Article 46 Promotion of educational and economic

interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and

other weaker sections

Article 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of

nutrition and the standard of living and to improve

public health. It also explains about prohibition of

the consumption except for medicinal purpose of

intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious

to health

Article 48 Organization of agriculture and animal

husbandry 48 (A): Protection and improvement of

environment and safeguarding of forests and wild

life

Article 49 Protection of monuments and places and

objects of national importance , from spoliation,

disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or

export.

Article 50 Separation of judiciary from executive

Article 51 Promotion of international peace and

security

Article 36 : Definition As per this article, term “the

State” has the same meaning as mentioned under

Fundamental right Part III.

Article 37 : Application of the principles contained

in this Part The provisions contained in this Part

shall not be enforced by any court, but the principles

therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in

the governance of the country and it shall be the

duty of the State to apply these principles in making

laws.

Article 38 : State to secure a social order for the

promotion of welfare of the people

The State shall strive to promote the welfare

of the people by securing and protecting as

effectively as it may a social order in which

justice, social, economic and political, shall

inform all the institutions of the national life.

The State shall, in particular, strive to

minimize the inequalities in income, and

endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status,

facilities and opportunities, not only

amongst individuals but also amongst

groups of people residing in different areas

or engaged in different vocations.



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Article 39 : Certain principles of policy to be

followed by the State The State shall, in particular,

direct its policy towards securing –

(a) that the citizen, men and women equally,

have the right to an adequate means of

livelihood;

(b) that the ownership and control of the

material resources of the community are so

distributed as best to sub serve the common

good;

(c) that the operation of the economic system

does not result in the concentration of wealth

and means of production to the common

detriment;

(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for

both men and women;

(e) that the health and strength of workers, men

and women, and the tender age of children

are not abused and that citizens are not

forced by economic necessity to enter

avocations unsuited to their age or strength;

(f) that children are given opportunities and

facilities to develop in a healthy manner and

in conditions of freedom and dignity and

that childhood and youth are protected

against exploitation and against moral and

material abandonment.

Article 39A : Equal justice and free legal aid The

State shall secure that the operation of the legal

system promotes justice, on a basis of equal

opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free

legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in

any other way, to ensure that opportunities for

securing justice are not denied to any citizen by

reason of economic or other disabilities.

Article 40 : Organization of village panchayats The

State shall take steps to organize village panchayats

and endow them with such powers and authority as

may be necessary to enable them to function as units

of self-government.

Article 41 : Right to work, to education and to

public assistance in certain cases The State shall,

within the limits of its economic capacity and

development, make effective provision for securing

the right to work, to education and to public

assistance in cases of unemployment, old age,

sickness and disablement, and in other cases of

undeserved want.

Article 42 : Provision for just and humane

conditions of work and maternity relief The State

shall make provision for securing just and humane

conditions of work and for maternity relief.

Article 43 : Living wage, etc., for workers The State

shall endeavor to secure, by suitable legislation or

economic organization or in any other way, to all



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workers agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work,

a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent

standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and

social and cultural opportunities and, in particular,

the State shall endeavor to promote cottage

industries on an individual or co-operative basis in

rural areas.

Article 43A : Participation of workers in

management of industries The State shall take steps,

by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure

the participation of workers in the management of

undertakings, establishments or other organization

engaged in any industry.

Article 44 : Uniform civil code for the citizen The

State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a

uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

Article 45 : Provision for free and compulsory

education for children The State shall endeavor to

provide, within a period of ten years from the

commencement of this Constitution, for free and

compulsory education for all children until they

complete the age of fourteen years.

Article 46 : Promotion of educational and economic

interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and

other weaker sections The State shall promote with

special care the educational and economic interests

of the weaker sections of the people, and in

particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the

Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from

social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

Article 47 : Duty of the State to raise the level of

nutrition and the standard of living and to improve

public health The State shall regard the raising of

the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its

people and the improvement of public health as

among its primary duties and, in particular, the State

shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the

consumption except for medicinal purpose of

intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious

to health.

Article 48 : Organization of agriculture and animal

husbandry The State shall endeavor to organize

agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and

scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for

preserving and improving the breeds, and

prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and

other mulch and draught cattle.

Article 48A : Protection and improvement of

environment and safeguarding of forests and wild

life The State shall endeavor to protect and improve

the environment and to safeguard the forests and

wild life of the country.

Article 49 : Protection of monuments and places

and objects of national importance It shall be the

obligation of the State to protect every monument or



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place or object of artistic or historic interest,

declared by or under law made by Parliament to be

of national importance, from spoliation,

disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or

export, as the case may be.

Article50 : Separation of judiciary from executive

The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary

from the executive in the public services of the

State.

Article 51 : Promotion of international peace and

security

The State shall endeavor to –

(a) promote international peace and security;

(b) maintain just and honorable relations

between nations;

(c) foster respect for international law and treaty

obligations in the dealings of organized

people with one another; and

(d) encourage settlement of international

disputes by arbitration.

CONFLICT BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL

RIGHTS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE OF

STATE POLICY

1. Golak Nath Case (1967) As per this verdict

of Supreme Court Fundamental rights

cannot be amended for the implementation

of the directive principles. 2. Minerva Mill

Case (1980) As per this verdict

‘Fundamental rights and DPSP are

complimentary to each other’.Court also

held that ‘the Indian constitution is founded

on the bedrock of the balance between

Fundamental rights and DPSP’

DIRECTIVES OUTSIDE PART IV

Apart from Directive principle of state policy as

mentioned in part IV, some other parts also

contained some directives. They are as follows:

1. Claims of people belonging to SCs and STs

to services – Article 335 – Part XVI

2. Providing primary stage education to

children of minority communities in their

mother tongue – Article 350- A – part XVII

3. Promotion and development of Hindi

language – Article 351 – part XVII

QUESTIONS RELATED TO DIRECTIVE

PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

Q1. Separation of the judiciary from the

executive has been provided in one of the

following parts of the Indian Constitution :

(a) The Preamble

(b) The Fundamental Rights

(c) The Directive Principles of State Policy

(d) The Seventh Schedule



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Q2. Under the Directive Principles of State

Policy, up to what age of children they are

expected to be provided free and

compulsory education ?

(a) 14 years

(b) 15 years

(c) 16 years

(d) 18 years

Q3. Which part of the Indian Constitution deals

with the Directive Principles of the State

Policy ?

(a) Part I

(b) Part III

(c) Part IV

(d) Part V

Q4. Which Directive Principle bears the direct

impact of Gandhi's moral philosophy ?

(a) Equal pay for equal work

(b) Provision of free legal aid and advice

(c) Prohibition of the slaughter of cows

(d) Protection of the moments of historical

importance

Q5. In which one of the following is promotion

of international peace and security

mentioned in the Constitution of India ?

(a) Preamble to the Constitution

(b) Directive Principles of State Policy

(c) Fundamental Duties

(d) The Ninth Schedule

Q6 . The Articles of the Constitution of India

which deal with Directive Principles of State

Policy are :

(a) 26 to 41 (b) 30 to 45

(c) 36 to 51 (d) 40 to 55

Q7. By which Amendment Act of the

Constitution of India were the Directive

Principles of the State Policy given

precedence over the Fundamental Right

wherever they come into conflict ?

(a) 40th (b) 42nd

(c) 44th (d) 46th

Q8. Which of the following are stated as

Directive Principles of State Policy by

Article 51 of the Constitution of India ? The

State shall endeavor to—

1. Promote international peace and security

2. Maintain just and honorable relation

between nations

3. Encourage settlement of international

disputes by arbitration

Select the correct answer using the code given

below—

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3



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Q9. Panchayati Raj System in India is laid down

under—

(a) Fundamental Rights

(b) Fundamental Duties

(c) Directive Principles of State Policy

(d) Election Commission Act

Q10. 'Equal pay for equal work' has been ensured

in the Indian Constitution as one of the—

(a) Fundamental Rights

(b) Directive Principles of State Policy

(c) Fundamental Duties

(d) Economic Rights

Q11. The concept of 'Welfare State' is included in

which part of the Indian Constitution ?

(a) Preamble of the Constitution . .

(b) The Fundamental Rights

(c) The Directive Principles of State

Policy

(d) The Fundamental Duties

Q12. Which of the following is NOT included in

the Directive Principles of State Policy ?

(a) Prohibition of liquor

(b) Right to work

(c) Equal wage for equal work

(d) Right to information

Q13. 'The Directive Principles of State Policy is a

cheque which is paid on Bank's

convenience'. Who told it ?

(a) B.R. Ambedkar

(b) K.M. Munshi

(c) Rajendra Prasad

(d) K.T. Seth

Q14. Which one of the following is a Directive

Principle of State Policy ?

(a) The State shall endeavor to protect and

improve the environment

(b) The State shall not deny to any person

equality before law

(c) The state shall not discriminate against

any person on grounds of religion, race,

caste, sex or place of birth

(d) Untouchability enforcement

Q15. The Directive Principles of State Policy are:

(a) Justiciable

(b) Non-justiciable .

(c) Only some of the provisions are

Justiciable

(d) None of the above

Q16. The purpose of the inclusion of Directive

Principle of State Policy in the Indian

Constitution is to establish:

(a) Political democracy

(b) Social democracy



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(c) Gandhian democracy

(d) Social and economic democracy

Q17. Which one of the following Articles of the

Directive Principles of State Policy deals

with the promotion of international peace

and security ?

(a) 41

(b) 43 A

(c) 48 A

(d) 51

Q18. Consider the following provisions under the

Directive Principles of State Policy as

enshrined in the Constitution of India :

1. Securing for citizens of India a uniform

civil code

2. Organizing village Panchayats

3. Promoting cottage industries in rural

areas

4. Securing for all the workers reasonable

leisure and cultural opportunities

Which of the above are the Gandhian

Principles that are reflected in the Directive

Principles of State Policy ?

(a) 1, 2 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1,3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES PART-IVA

(ARTICLE -51A)

Part IVA of Indian Constitution deals with

Fundamental Duties. Originally, the Constitution of

India did not contain these duties.

Fundamental duties were added by 42nd and 86th

Constitutional Amendment acts. As of now there are

11 Fundamental duties. Citizens are morally

obligated by the Constitution to perform these

duties. However, like the Directive Principles, these

are non-justifiable, without any legal sanction in

case of their violation or non-compliance.

Article 51A : Fundamental duties

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India–

(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its

ideals and institutions, the National Flag and

the National Anthem;

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which

inspired our national struggle for freedom;

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity

and integrity of India;

(d) to defend the country and render national

service when called upon to do so;



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(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common

brotherhood amongst all the people of India

transcending religious, linguistic and regional

or sectional diversities; to renounce practices

derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our

composite culture;

(g) to protect and improve the natural

environment including forests, lakes, rivers

and wild life, and to have compassion for

living creatures;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism

and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure

violence;

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of

individual and collective activity so that the

nation constantly rises to higher levels of

endeavor and achievement.

(k) to provide opportunities for education by the

parent the guardian, to his child, or a ward

between the age of 6-14 years as the case may

be.

PRESIDENT

Part V - Article- 52 to 78 The Union executive

consist of the President, the Vice-President, the

Prime Minister, the council of ministers and the

attorney general of India

Who is the president?

1. He is the head of the Indian State.

2. He is the first citizen of India

How is the President elected?

Indirect elections by members of Electoral College

consisting of:



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1. The elected members of both the Houses of

Parliament;

2. The elected members of the legislative

assemblies of the states; and

3. The elected members of the legislative

assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and

Puducherry

What is the Qualifications for Election as

President?

1. He should be a citizen of India.

2. He should have completed 35 years of age.

3. He should be qualified for election as a member

of the Lok Sabha.

4. He should not hold any office of profit. Every

candidate has to make a security deposit of Rs

15,000 in the Reserve Bank of India.

Who administers the Oath of the president?

1. The oath of office to the President is

administered by the Chief Justice of India

2. in his absence, the senior most judge of the

Supreme Court

What is the TERM of the president of India?

1. The President holds office for a term of five

years

2. He address resignation letter to the Vice

President.

3. He is eligible for re-election to that office for

any number of terms.

Impeachment of President may be initiated in

which house?

1. President may be removed by the process of

impeachment for ‘violation of the Constitution’

2. an impeachment is a quasi-judicial procedure in

the Parliament which may initiate in either

House of Parliament

3. 14 days’ notice should be given to the President.

4. No President has so far been impeached.

What are the POWERS of the President?

1. Executive powers

2. Legislative powers

3. Financial powers

4. Judicial powers

5. Diplomatic powers

6. Military powers

7. Emergency powers

8. Pardoning powers

What president can do with a bill?

President has three alternatives regarding a bill

1. He may give his assent to the bill, or

2. He may withhold his assent to the bill, or

3. He may return the bill (if it is not a Money bill)

for reconsideration of the Parliament.

What are the veto powers of the president?

1. Absolute veto- withholding of assent

2. Qualified veto-can be overridden with a higher

majority.



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3. Suspensive veto, - over ridden with an ordinary

majority.

4. Pocket veto- taking no action on the bill passed

There is no qualified veto in the case of Indian

President

What are the pardoning powers of the

President?

Article 72 The pardoning power of the President

includes

1. Pardon: completely frees the person from all

types of punishments and disqualifications

2. Commutation: The President may substitute a

harsher punishment with some lighter one, like

changing a death sentence to a life

imprisonment

3. Remission: The basic punishment remains the

same but the duration is shortened

4. Respite: In case of a special circumstance, like

physical disability, the President may award a

lesser sentence than the one that was originally

granted

5. Reprieve: Grants a temporary stay on the

execution of the sentence, allowing some time

for the convict.

LIST OF PRESIDENTS IN INDIA

Year President

1952 Dr. Rajendra Prasad

1957 Dr. Rajendra Prasad

1962 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

1967 Dr. Zakir Hussain

1969 V.V. Giri

1974 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

1977 N. Sanjeeva Reddy

1982 Giani Zail Singh

1987 R. Venkataraman

1992 Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma

1997 K.R. Narayanan

2002 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

2007 Ms. Pratibha Patil

2012 Pranab Mukherjee

2017 Ram Nath kovind

QUESTION ANSWER

Q1. The minimum eligibility to be a Presidential

candidate is the age of?

a) 30 b) 28

c) 21 d) 35

Ans –d

Q2. The head of the Indian state is ?

a) Prime Minister

b) President

c) Chief Justice of India

d) None of the above

Ans-b



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Q3. Under whose name are the executive

actions of the government carried out?

a) Cabinet

b) Prime Minister

c) President

d) none of the above

Ans-b

Q 4. How many members can nominated by the

President to the Rajya Sabha?

a) 14 b) 6

c) 12 d) 16

Ans-c

Q 5. How many Anglo Indians can nominated by

the President to the Lok Sabha?

a) 14 b) 6

c) 12 d) 2

Ans-d

Q6. Which Presidents died during his term at the

office?

a) Dr Zakir Hussain

b) Rajendra Prasad

c) V.V. Giri

d) Dr S Radhakrishnan

Ans-a

Q7. Name the only President to have been

elected for two consecutive terms?

a) Dr Zakir Hussain

b) Rajendra Prasad

c) APJ Abdul Kalam

d) Pratibha Patil

Ans-b

Q8. Which article of the Constitution empowers

the President to promulgate ordinances?

a) Article 123

b) Article 52

c) Article 25

d) Article 78

Ans-a

Q9. The President of India do not have which

among the following?

a) Absolute Veto

b) Pocket Veto

c) Qualified Veto

d) Suspensive Veto

Ans –c

Q10. The official term of the President's office is?

a) 5 years

b) 10 years

c) 3 years

4) 4 years

Ans-a



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STUDY NOTES FOR ALL COMPETITIVE EXAM P a g equiz.mahendraguru.com/mahendraguru/content/study-notes-gs-eng-27... · Article 37 It says these DPSP are fundamental in ... education and