Splash Screen. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Our English Heritage Political and economic institutions...

Splash Screen

Chapter Intro 2

Section 1: Our English Heritage

Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. The English colonists brought with them ideas about government that had been developing in England for centuries.

Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: The English Colonies

Political, social, religious, and economic changes influence the way Americans think and act. The English established thirteen colonies along the East Coast of North America.

Chapter Intro 2

Section 3: Colonial Society

Political, social, religious, and economic changes influence the way Americans think and act. The English colonists created a prosperous economy and learned to govern themselves.

Chapter Intro 2

Section 4: Birth of a Democratic Nation

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. The Declaration of Independence explained why the colonies were founding a new nation.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

Section 1

What Influenced Colonial Government?

Science and the influence of reason led to new innovations in political thought.

Section 1

What Influenced Colonial Government? (cont.)

• Many rights that American citizens enjoy can be traced to England and to the Enlightenment.

• English ruled by monarchs

Section 1

• The Magna Carta:

– Protection for nobles

– Certain rights for all landholders

– Limited power for monarchs

What Influenced Colonial Government? (cont.)

Sources of American Law

Section 1

• Parliament:

– Legislature

– The Glorious Revolution

– The English Bill of Rights

What Influenced Colonial Government? (cont.)

• Common law:

– Precedent as the basis of a body of law

– Common law based on court decisions

Section 1

• John Locke:

– Argued that people had natural rights

– Believed in a social contract among people in a society

What Influenced Colonial Government? (cont.)

• Baron de Montesquieu’s ideas on the separation of powers

• Enlightenment ideas about natural laws

Section 1

Colonial Traditions of Self-Government

The American colonists accepted the idea of representative government.

Section 1

Colonial Traditions of Self-Government (cont.)

• England established colonies in America in the 1600s and 1700s.

• Jamestown:

– Joint-stock company

– Authority to set up colonial governments

– Formation of the House of Burgesses

Section 1

• Plymouth:

– The Mayflower Compact

– Town meetings

Colonial Traditions of Self-Government (cont.)

• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was America’s first written constitution.

Section 1

• Governments of the thirteen colonies:

– Governors elected by colonists or appointed by the English king

– Legislature representatives elected by free adult males

Colonial Traditions of Self-Government (cont.)

• Increased power and responsibility of colonial governments

Section 2-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political, social, religious, and economic changes influence the way Americans think and act.

Section 2

Settling the Colonies

The English established thirteen colonies along the East Coast of North America.

Section 2

Settling the Colonies (cont.)

• England established thirteen colonies along the East Coast of North America.

• New England Colonies:

– Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Bay Company

– Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire established by the mid-1600s

Section 2

Settling the Colonies (cont.)

• The Middle Colonies:

– New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

– New Netherland

– New York as a proprietary colony

– New Jersey as a royal colony

– William Penn and Pennsylvania and Delaware

Section 2

Settling the Colonies (cont.)

• Southern Colonies:

– Virginia as a joint-stock colony

– North and South Carolina

– James Oglethorpe and Georgia

The English Colonies

Section 2

People of the Colonies

Throughout the colonies, people adapted their traditions to the new conditions of life in America.

Section 2

People of the Colonies (cont.)

• English colonists immigrated to the thirteen colonies for different reasons.

• Religion:

– Religious dissenters

– Puritans and Pilgrims

– Religious toleration

– Quakers and Catholics

Section 2

People of the Colonies (cont.)

• Economic reasons for immigration

• System of indentured servants

• Conflicts with Native Americans over land

Dominant Immigrant Groups in the Colonies

Section 2

People of the Colonies (cont.)

• Slavery:

– Plantation system

– Enslaved Africans

– Triangular trade

– The Middle Passage

Section 2-End

Section 3-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political, social, religious, and economic changes influence the way Americans think and act.

Section 3

The Economy

The people in the colonies developed different ways of living.

Section 3

The Economy (cont.)

• Colonists in different regions had to adapt to the geography.

• New England:

– Small farms

– Small businesses

– Forests and shipbuilding

– Fishing and whaling

– The Puritan ethic

Section 3

The Economy (cont.)

• The Middle Colonies:

– Agriculture and cash crops

– Busy ports

– Industries

– Immigrants from European countries

American Economy

Section 3

The Economy (cont.)

• The Southern Colonies:

– Large-scale agriculture

– Tidewater crops—Tobacco and rice

– River transport

– Plantations and enslaved African workers

– Smaller farms

– Lack of industry and commerce

Section 3

An American Identity

The colonies continued to grow and developed their own culture and beliefs.

Section 3

An American Identity (cont.)

• Colonists eventually developed an American identity.

• Religion:

– Religious freedom

– Religious leaders were sometimes leaders of the government.

– Religious tolerance

– The Great Awakening

Section 3

An American Identity (cont.)

• Education:

– America’s first schools and colleges

– Slave codes

Section 3

An American Identity (cont.)

• The family as the foundation of colonial society

• The spirit of egalitarianism:

– Traditional English rights

– The ideas of John Locke

Section 3-End

Section 4-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political principles and major events shape how people form governments.

Section 4

Colonial Resistance

The American colonists began to fight against British control.

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The American colonists had experience in self-government.

• Salutary neglect as a policy of loose control by the British

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The theory of mercantilism:

– Country’s power depends on its wealth

– A favorable balance of trade

– The colonies as a source of cheap, raw materials

– The Navigation Acts, early 1660s

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• Fighting between the British and the French in North America

• The Albany Plan:

– Plan for federal union

– Proposed by Benjamin Franklin

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The French and Indian War:

– The Proclamation of 1763

– The Stamp Act of 1765

– The Quartering Act

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• Boycott of British goods by the colonists

• Opposition to the Stamp Act by the Sons of Liberty

• The Stamp Act Congress, 1765:

– Declaration of rights and grievances against British actions

– The Stamp Act repealed by Parliament

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The Declaratory Act of 1766 giving Parliament the right to tax and make decisions for the colonists

• The Townshend Acts:

– New taxes on imports

– Writs of assistance

– Boycotts and destruction of property

– The Boston Massacre

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The Tea Act:

– East India Company given the right to ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes usually placed on tea

– Unfair advantage over colonial merchants

– The Boston Tea Party as protest to the Tea Act

Section 4

Colonial Resistance (cont.)

• The Intolerable Acts restricting civil rights of colonists

Section 4

Moving Toward Independence

The colonists began to take steps toward independence from Great Britain.

Section 4

Moving Toward Independence (cont.)

• The colonists began to challenge British control.

• The First Continental Congress, 1774:

– Delegates sent from 12 colonies

– Restoration of rights of the colonists

– Extension of boycott of British goods

Section 4

Moving Toward Independence (cont.)

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord as the start of the Revolutionary War

• The Second Continental Congress, 1775, and debate over independence

Section 4

Moving Toward Independence (cont.)

• Common Sense by Thomas Paine:

– Inspired many colonists

– Called for complete independence from Britain

Section 4

The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence used traditional English political rights to call for independence for the colonies.

Section 4

The Declaration of Independence (cont.)

• The Declaration of Independence:

– British government did not look after colonial interests

– King George III a tyrant

– Rights of individuals

– Purpose of the government to protect rights

Section 4

The Declaration of Independence (cont.)

– Government based on the consent of the people

– People entitled to overthrow a government if it disregards rights

– Influence of John Locke

• The Second Continental Congress, 1775, and debate over independence

Section 4-End

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The colonists believed that the taxes on necessary goods, like tea, were unfair.

Vocab1

Enlightenment

movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society

Vocab2

monarch

king or queen

Vocab3

legislature 

a group of people that makes laws

Vocab4

precedent 

a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case

Vocab5

common law 

a system of law based on precedent and customs

Vocab6

natural rights

freedoms people possess relating to life, liberty, and property

Vocab7

social contract

an agreement among people in a society with a government

Vocab8

colony 

a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere

Vocab9

joint-stock company

investors provide partial ownership in a company organized for profit

Vocab10

charter

a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments; or a government document granting permission to organize a corporation

Vocab11

compact

an agreement, or contract, among a group of people

Vocab12

document 

a written paper that provides information or proof of something

Vocab13

authority 

power or influence over other people or groups; person or persons having the power of government

Vocab14

grant 

to allow or permit

Vocab15

propriety colony

area with owner-controlled land and government

Vocab16

royal colony

a colonial area of land controlled directly by a king or other monarch

Vocab17

religious dissenter

those who followed a religious faith other than the official religion of England

Vocab18

Puritan

religious dissenter who came to the colonies to purify, or reform, the Anglican Church

Vocab19

Pilgrim

colonial Puritans who considered themselves people on a religious journey

Vocab20

toleration

acceptance of other groups, such as religious groups

Vocab21

indentured servant

workers who contracted with American colonists for food and shelter in return for their labor

Vocab22

plantation

a large estate

Vocab23

triangular trade

pattern of trade that developed in colonial times among the Americas, Africa, and Europe

Vocab24

acquire 

to gain or get possession of

Vocab25

decade 

a period of 10 years

Vocab26

Tidewater

areas of low, flat plains near the seacoast of Virginia and North Carolina

Vocab27

egalitarianism

the philosophy or spirit of equality

Vocab28

adapt 

to adjust or become adjusted to a situation or condition

Vocab29

assist 

to help or aid

Vocab30

mercantilism

the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

Vocab31

boycott 

the refusal to purchase certain goods

Vocab32

repeal 

to cancel a law

Vocab33

delegate 

a representative to a meeting

Vocab34

independence 

self-reliance and freedom from outside control

Vocab35

challenge 

a demand for justification or a dispute

Vocab36

restore 

to bring back into existence or put back in an original condition

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