Smart Water Management System (SWMS) by ICT In Real Time · Smart Water Management System (SWMS) by...

Smart Water Management System (SWMS) by ICT In Real Time

Abdoul Rjoub1, Majed Alkhateeb2, Mo'ataz A. Ajlouni3, Renad Haddad1 and Raya Alghsoun1 1Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid – Jordan

Tel (+)962 775 682819, abdoul@just.edu.jo

2Arbeel Electric, Amman – Jordan

3Department of Electronics Engineering, Buraidah college of Technology, Al-qassim - Saudi Arabia

enquirey@arbeel-electric.com , moatasajlouni@yahoo.com, haddad95renad@gmail.com, raya.radwan@gmail.com

Abstract: An innovative smart system has been created to measure the quality and quantity of drinkable water in the Small scale Water Desalination Stations (SWDS). A smart ICT system consists from the basic Arduino microcontroller board and several electronic sensitive sensors are connected together to create the proposed innovative smart system. These sensors measure the quality of the water regarding the basic water contamination parameters from one side and the quantity per litre from other side. a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a keypad to assert the proper data and instructions to control the Arduino Board are connected together in order to get proper measurements. 30% saving water is achieved using this system, the system succeeded to pause water draining when the water effected by some polluted parameters. Analytical mathematical model is verified the achievement of the proposed design.

Keywords: ICT in water, Smart city, Water Management, Water quantity, Water quantity.

1 INTRODUCTION

In most developing countries, per capita water is relatively low [1-4]. This fact is due to: 1) Limited water resources, 2) An increase of population and refugees, 3) A widening gap between available water and demand, and 4) A decrease in rainfall [5-7]. Developing countries also has not the opportunities to have their own large scale desalination stations that can provide clean water for the whole population. As a consequence, those large scale desalination stations could be substituted by small Scale Desalination Stations (SDS) to offer drinkable water for the locals [8-10].

In [11-13] a design of a low cost system for real-time monitoring of the water quality in the pipes using Internet Of Things (IOT) is proposed. In [14-16] water management system base on IOT

measurig water quality is proposed using raspberry PI

B+ model is proposed too.

In this paper, a Smart Water Management System (SWMS) for those local stations (SDS) is presented. It is capable to measure the quality of the clean water [14-6][21-7] which is important to verify the effectiveness of the filter process and to ensure the safety of drinking water. From other side, the SWMS measures the water quantity [20-8] which is important to know the quantities of water produced by the SDS after the filtering process. This is important to calculate the financial profits and the discovery of the amount of wasted water, whether it hidden by employees of the SDS or they are leaked from the water valve.

This innovative intelligent system measures the main polluted water parameters such as: The potential of Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ammonium (NH4), Sodium (Na) and Chloride (CL). These sensors are applied on the Arduino Mega microcontroller board, A Wi-Fi Model is designed to transfer the data from/to the database uploaded into the cloud. The Water Level Sensor, the Water Flow sensor, and Water Solenoid Valve are used to control water quantity. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Keypad to insert and display data is used. Finally, a web browser to display and control uploaded data into the cloud is created too. The proposed system can be a part of a smart city and smart building for future usage.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 shows the SWMS system characteristic, Section 3 describes the components of the system, Section 4 displays the results and analyzes them. Finally, Section 5 concludes this effort.

2 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

The SWMS contains from two subsystems aiming to conserve water quality and manage water quantity in a smart way. The following

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two subsections discuss the characteristics of the subsystem of the quality and the subsystem of the quantity, respectively.

2.1 Water Quality Monitoring

The traditional method to detect the water pollution is to take manually samples from the water source to the laboratories [13-9, 8-10]. This method consumes a long time and thus delay, making the appropriate decisions come too late [11-11, 12-12], also this tradition is not always safe; it depends on the human how much they are trusted. The SWMS solves this challenge by smart pollution detection, which maintains human effort and provides accurate results in the real-time. Different sensors such as: pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ammonium (NH4), Sodium (Na) and Chloride concentration (Cl) are used to monitor the water quality. The value of these sensors are detected every specific period of time and controled by the user. The system is uploaded to cloud by the Arduino Mega Controller through Internet. The SWMS ensures that these values are in the normal range for each parameter which is shown in Table I. Otherwise, the SWMS sends alert message to the administrator whether by SMS or email. Moreover the SWMS turns off the water valve automatically in case of any deviation of the predifiend set of measurements.

Table I: Normal quality range of drinking water parameters

Parameter Quality range Unit

pH 6.5 < pH < 8.5 pH

TDS 300 < TDS < 1500 mg/L

NH4 0.05 < NH4 < 0.5 mg/L

Na 20 < Na < 175 mg/L

CL 25 < Cl < 200 mg/L

The measured quality parameter values QPV(𝜏) of each parameter QP ={pH, TDS, NH4, Na, CL} are stored in the database and uploaded tothe cloud. This action enables administrators toconduct future studies on the quality of waterused in every station. QPV(𝜏) is measured foreach 𝜏 ={𝜏1, 𝜏2, 𝜏3, …, 𝜏𝑛} where 𝜏1 and 𝜏𝑛 are the time slots when the station is opened and closed respectively, not that

𝜏𝑛 = 𝜏𝑛−1 + X 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Accordingly, QPMnN < QPV(𝜏) < QPMxN, where QPMnN and QPMxN are the min and max normal quality parameter respectively.

2.2 Water Quantity Monitoring

The quantity of fresh water is so important as well as the quality of the water. Because of this, the SWMS can register the quantities of water produced by the SDS per time. The importance to register the quantity of water/Litter comes on the surface because of the following objectives: 1) Preventing wastage water in the waterfiltering stations, which may be caused by thestaff and employees, 2) Comparing profits withproduced desalinated water quantities, whichhelps the control of the financial issues, 3)Preparing future environmental or commercialstudies based on these records, and 4. Providingonline information systems for water stationsregarding the management and control.

In order to achieve these objectives, SWMS offers the following options:

1. Tank Water Level: The water level in the tankis continuously measured. In case of the waterlevel became less than X%, X < Full fromtank level, SWMS sends alert to theadministrator, so he can take the appropriateaction and requests additional quantities ofwater in a timely manner.

2. User's Actions: each user has a separate tablethat contains the time, date, and amount ofwater that is requested each time. Also, thetotal amount of water sold by this user.

3. Daily Action Report: The administrator canmonitor the users’ action for each day,determine which user(employees) has largestamount of water sold in a given day.

4. Monthly Action Report: As the daily report,the administrator can view the monthly reportthat determines which user has the largestamount of water sold in one month anddetermine the total amount of water sold thismonth.

5. Yearly Report: This report displays salesstatistics every month of a particular year.

6. Station Bill: When the station asks for waterfrom the main center, this order is saved inthe database. All orders that are not paidshould be displayed as bills to the station.

On the other hand, and when those SDS request a new amount of water (up to 16 m3), the SWDS informs the water distributer at that region in order to provide these stations by appropriate amount of water. In this case, SWMS runs Largest number of Nodes with Shortest Path (LNSP) algorithm. This algorithm finds the shortest paths from the water distributer location

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to the maximum number of SDS at each bath. Thus, reducing the number of local transporter that will transport water to all stations. A special algorithm with proper interfacing is provided and existed for this purpose.

3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

In this section, the proposed SWDS system consists from various sensors like: pH, TDS, NH4, Na and Cl sensors, The Arduino Mega Board, Water Flow sensor, Water Level Sensor, Relay Module, Water Solenoid, manual valve, Wi-Fi Module, LCD display, Keypad and power supply will be described in two subsections as shown in Image 1.

Image 1: Smart Water Management System (SWMS) block diagram

4 EXPERIMANTEL RESULTS

The proposed system is divided into two parts. The first one represents the hardware side and it is responsible for water quality monitoring. Five sensors (PH, TDS, NH4, Na and Cl) are connected to the Arduino Mega to make the device embedded. This device is placed in water manual taps (valves) at the SWDS, in fact in each stations there are at least 5 to 10 manual taps (valves). If the water in the station was not within the acceptable measurements, the SWDS will stop draining the water. By this way, the water will pause drained, by this way; we guarantee that the civilians will never drink polluted water.

This system is applied a SWDS in the lab and the results were as it is expected. The sensors were functioned correctly; the database is accessed without any delay, and now the authors dealing with investors to get this product in th market. The UNESCO in Jordan suggested to

adopt this project to belong it is success stories in MENA

Image 2: Overall view of the SWMS

The data which are generated by this SWDS are uploaded into specific databases in the cloud, so that, it can be accessed from any location. Image 2 illustrates the final view of the system, It showed also that is combined with the cloud.

As shown from this Image, the SWDS is applied in every tap at the desalination station, in the Image, there are 4 manual taps, in our case, there 4 SWDS designs, substituted the manual taps.

On other hand, the second part represents the software side and it is responsible for data mining. The proposed system can manage all data that is uploaded in the database on the cloud from anywhere. For example, Image 3 illustrates Quality sensors values, which allow the administrators to see the measured values for any parameter on a given day for any station.

Image 3: Monthly Report of pH values for station_2 in quality sensors values page.

The proposed system can display different reports on the station's sales transactions such as daily, weekly, monthly and yearly reports. These

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reports describe the time of sale, the quantity of water and the name of the user who made the sale. In addition, the system displayed a pie chart which contains the percentage of each user's sales, whether daily, monthly, or weekly.

While the pie chart in the yearly report shows the percentage of each month of sales in a given year as shown in Image 4.

Image 4: Yearly Report page for 2018.

5 CONCLUSION

In this paper, A Smart Water Management System is presented in this paper. This system is used for Small scale Water Desalination Stations (SWDS). The proposed system is generated with various sensors in order to measure the quality of the water, Arduino Mega microcontroller board and a database built in the Cloud to manipulate the data is created. The HW components measure the polluted water parameters and send it to the Arduino, the Arduino connects with the database in the cloud to save, modify, and delete those data. The proposed system can be as part of the smart city for future applications.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This paper is supported financially by Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Grant Number. 145/2018.

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