Sheep Nutrition for Profit - Katahdin S · 2019. 8. 24. · Lignin, Acid Detergent ADL % DM 6.84...

SheepNutritionforProfit

RustyBurgett,NSIPProgramDirector

SheepNutrition

•  Raisesheepfor:– Meat– Wool– Milk

•  Convertplantbasednutrientsintothesethreeproducts(asheepiswhatiteats!!)

Whyisnutritionimportant?

•  LargestexpenseonmostU.S.sheepfarms•  Buildingblocksfor:

– Bodytissues•  Bone•  Muscle•  Fat•  Organs

– Offspring/Fetus– Milk

CategoriesofNutrients

•  Water•  Carbohydrates•  Protein

•  Lipids•  Vitamins•  Minerals

CategoriesofNutrients

•  Water-mostimportantnutrient•  Sheepshouldhaveaccesstoclean,freshwateratalltimes

Whatarenutrientrequirements?

•  AmountofcertainnutrientsrequiredtoMAINTAINthebodytissuesandfunction

•  AmountofnutrientsrequiredtofulfillPRODUCTIONdemands– Growthoftissues– Growthofwool– Growingfetus– Lactation

Maintenance

Production

Howdowemeettheserequirements?

SheepareVersatile!!!

RumenFermentation

Sheepcanconvertproductsthatareinedibletohumansintomeat,milkandfiber!!!

MicrobialFermentation

•  Animalcannotactuallydigestmostplantbasednutrients– Microbesdigest2/3ofallfeedand90%ofdietaryfiber

•  SymbioticRelationshipbetweentheanimalandrumenmicrobes– Bacteria-50%ofmicrobes– Protozoa-45-49%ofmicrobes– Fungiandyeasts

NutrientRequirements

•  Weareactuallyfeedingtherumenmicrobesandnotthesheep

•  Nutrientleveloffeedsaremoreimportantthanthefeedsource!

•  Wehavetoknowwhat’sinthefeedswearefeeding!

COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONUniversity of Wisconsin-Extension

University of Wisconsin-MadisonSoils Department, Madison, WI

UW Soil & Forage Analysis Laboratory2611 Yellowstone DrMarshfield, WI 54449Phone 715-387-2523 Fax 715-387-1723

Account: 557599Date received: 1/15/2014Date processed: 1/16/2014

Spooner Ag Research Station - Phil HolmanW6646 Hwy 70Spooner, WI 54801

Results also available on-line at http://uwlab.soils.wisc.edu/reportslab number: 1046 access code: crn5

Legume/Grass Silage Report - StandardReport Number: 1046 Lab Number: 63 Sample Description: SARS 1-13-14Material: Legume or Grass SilageHarvest date: 8/1/2013 Storage type: Silo Cutting: 3rd

Item Abbreviation Unit Result Method 1

Dry Matter DM % as fed 40.41 WCMoisture % as fed 59.59 C

Protein FractionsCrude Protein CP % DM 23.44 NIRSoluble Crude Protein SCP % CP 63.27 NIRRumen-Undegraded Protein RUP % CP 18.68 NIRRumen-Degraded Protein RDP % CP 81.32 CAcid Detergent Fiber Crude Protein ADF-CP % DM 0.31 NIRNeutral Detergent Fiber Crude Protein NDF-CP % DM 1.61 NIRHeat Damaged Protein-Estimated % DM 0.31 CAdjusted Crude Protein % DM 23.44 C

Fiber FractionsAcid Detergent Fiber ADF % DM 32.83 NIRNeutral Detergent Fiber aNDF % DM 37.76 NIRLignin, Acid Detergent ADL % DM 6.84 NIRLignin, Acid Detergent ADL % aNDF 18.11 CNeutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility, 48 h NDFD % aNDF 46.34 NIR

Carbohydrates and FatsNon Fiber Carbohydrate NFC % DM 28.45 CFat % DM 2.31 NIRpH NA

Energy Calculations: 2001 NRCTotal Digestible Nutrients, 1X TDN % DM 62.29 CNet Energy, Lactation, 3X Nel Mcals/lb 0.64 CNet Energy, Maintenance NEm Mcals/lb 0.66 CNet Energy, Gain NEg Mcals/lb 0.39 CMetabolizable Energy ME Mcals/lb 1.05 CRelative Forage Quality RFQ 162.82 CMilk/Ton lbs 2,772 C

Macro Minerals Micro MineralsPhosphorus P 0.37 % DM NIR Iron Fe ppm NRCalcium Ca 1.39 % DM NIR Manganese Mn ppm NRPotassium K 3.07 % DM NIR Zinc Zn ppm NRMagnesium Mg 0.29 % DM NIR Copper Cu ppm NRSodium Na % DM NRChloride Cl % DM NR Ash 9.65 % DM NIRSulfur S % DM NR

1 WC = wet chemistryNIR = near infrared spectroscopy

NR = not requestedNA = not available

C = calculatedT = tabular value

Methods used for these analyses can be found at http://uwlab.soils.wisc.edu/procedures.htm

CLIENT COPY

NutrientRequirements:

ProductionStage WeightΔ/Day,lbs

TDNLbs/day

MEMCal

CPg/d

Maintenance 0/0 1.2/1.8 2.01/2.94 79/116

1st2/3gestation(twins) 0.09/0.12 1.8/2.5 2.9/4.1 129/182

Lategestation 0.4/0.51 2.4/3.3 3.9/5.5 173/258

Lactation -0.06/-0.08 2.6/3.6 4.3/5.9 281/376

132poundewe/220poundewe

NutrientRequirementsofSmallRuminants:Sheep,Goats,Cervids,andNewWorldCamelids(2007)

NutrientRequirements132PoundEwe

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Maintenance EarlyGestation LateGestation Lactation

TDN

CP

BuildingaRation

•  Weknow:– Nutrientrequirements– Nutrientvaluesoffeedstuffs

•  Weneedtoknow:– Howtodeliverthosenutrientsefficientlybasedonourproductiontype

Pasture-BasedProduction

•  Intensivegrazingduringspring,summerandfall

•  Confinementduringwinter– Storedforages/concentrates

•  Cheapestavailablenutrientsourceonownedland

JuneAugustOctoberDecemberFebruaryAprilJune

Breeding Gestation LambingPasturegrazing PasturegrazingConfinement

NutrientRequirements132PoundEwe

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Maintenance EarlyGestation LateGestation Lactation

TDN

CP

Pasture-BasedProduction

•  But…..– Largestnutrientdemandiswhentheewesareinconfinement!

JuneAugustOctoberDecemberFebruaryAprilJune

Breeding Gestation LambingPasturegrazing PasturegrazingConfinement

Pasture-BasedProduction

•  Shiftnutrientdemandstomatchupwithforageavailability– Timingofmarketinglambs?– Parasites?– Arenutrientsneedsmet?

JuneAugustOctoberDecemberFebruaryAprilJune

Breeding Gestation LambingPasturegrazing PasturegrazingConfinement

NutrientValueofPasture

•  130poundlactatingewe•  Needs2.6lbs.TDNand0.6lbs.CP

•  OrchardGrassPasture:– 60%TDN,12%CP

•  Consumes3%BWinDM:– Gets2.4lbs.TDNand0.48lbs.CP

•  Shecan’teatenoughtomeetdemands!– Sacrificingproduction

CautionstoGrazing

Supplements

•  Concentratednutrientsources– Starchvs.fibervs.fat

•  Corn•  Barley• Wheatmids•  Soyhulls•  DDGs•  CGF

But…...

•  Thereare3differentrationsonafarm– Therationthatiscalculated– Therationthatisfedtothesheep– Therationthatisactuallyeatenbythesheep

•  Sheeparepickyeaters!

LovetoSortFeed!

ProblemswithSorting

•  Leadstofeedwastage– Feedistooexpensivetowaste!

•  Decreasedperformance– Notconsumingbalancedration

•  Nutrientimbalances

– pHfluctuationsinrumen

MinimizeForageWastage

•  Feederdesign

MinimizeForageWastage

•  Processforagesofferedtosheep– Reduceparticlesizetobehomogenous

•  Can’tsortleavesfromstems

– Tubgrind,choppedhaylage,verticalmixeretc.

ConfinementSystems

•  Canbecombinedwithgrazingsystems•  Canbe100%confinement

ConfinementSystems•  Pros

–  Controlnutrientintake–  Eliminatemostinternalparasiteproblems– Utilizebyproductfeeds(DDGs,gluten,soyhulls)–  Controlledenvironment– Nopredators

•  Cons–  Produceorpurchaseanddeliverfeed– Manurehandling–  Buildingconstructionandmaintenance–  Laborintensive

ConfinementSystems

•  Abilitytohavehigherperformance– Provideahigherplaneofnutrition– AcceleratedLambing?

•  Landcanbeusedforotherpurposes

WhataboutLambs?

•  Produceapoundoflambasefficientlyaspossible– Costofgain

CostAnalysis

•  Calculatecostofproduction•  Growing50poundlambexample:

– Averagedailygain:0.75lbs./head/day– Averagedrymatterintake:5lbs./head/day– Costoffeedperday(4poundscorn,1poundalfalfa):$0.39

– F:G=5:0.75=6.667poundsoffeedfor1poundofgain

– $0.078/poundoffeed=$0.52/poundofgain

LimitFeedingvs.FullFeed

•  Alternativenutrientsource•  Smallerquantitiesofconcentratedfeedsat1ormorefeedings

•  Similarnutrientintake– Decreaserequirementformaintenance

ConcentrateFeeding

•  Relyonconcentratesformainnutrientsource•  Supplementhayforrumenhealth

•  Consistentnutrientintake– Reducemetabolicdisorders– Reducefluctuationsinintakeandproduction–  Increasenutrientsavailableforproduction

LambFinishingDiet

•  Fullfeed– Cornandproteinsource– 16%CPration– SupplementalCa(noaddedP!!!)andammoniumchloride

AnalyzingRations

•  Howdowecheckourrationstoseeiftheyareadequate?

•  Needtofigureoutwhatoursheepareeatingandthenanalyzeforproductionandcosts!– Simplecalculations

COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONUniversity of Wisconsin-Extension

University of Wisconsin-MadisonSoils Department, Madison, WI

UW Soil & Forage Analysis Laboratory2611 Yellowstone DrMarshfield, WI 54449Phone 715-387-2523 Fax 715-387-1723

Account: 557599Date received: 1/15/2014Date processed: 1/16/2014

Spooner Ag Research Station - Phil HolmanW6646 Hwy 70Spooner, WI 54801

Results also available on-line at http://uwlab.soils.wisc.edu/reportslab number: 1046 access code: crn5

Legume/Grass Silage Report - StandardReport Number: 1046 Lab Number: 63 Sample Description: SARS 1-13-14Material: Legume or Grass SilageHarvest date: 8/1/2013 Storage type: Silo Cutting: 3rd

Item Abbreviation Unit Result Method 1

Dry Matter DM % as fed 40.41 WCMoisture % as fed 59.59 C

Protein FractionsCrude Protein CP % DM 23.44 NIRSoluble Crude Protein SCP % CP 63.27 NIRRumen-Undegraded Protein RUP % CP 18.68 NIRRumen-Degraded Protein RDP % CP 81.32 CAcid Detergent Fiber Crude Protein ADF-CP % DM 0.31 NIRNeutral Detergent Fiber Crude Protein NDF-CP % DM 1.61 NIRHeat Damaged Protein-Estimated % DM 0.31 CAdjusted Crude Protein % DM 23.44 C

Fiber FractionsAcid Detergent Fiber ADF % DM 32.83 NIRNeutral Detergent Fiber aNDF % DM 37.76 NIRLignin, Acid Detergent ADL % DM 6.84 NIRLignin, Acid Detergent ADL % aNDF 18.11 CNeutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility, 48 h NDFD % aNDF 46.34 NIR

Carbohydrates and FatsNon Fiber Carbohydrate NFC % DM 28.45 CFat % DM 2.31 NIRpH NA

Energy Calculations: 2001 NRCTotal Digestible Nutrients, 1X TDN % DM 62.29 CNet Energy, Lactation, 3X Nel Mcals/lb 0.64 CNet Energy, Maintenance NEm Mcals/lb 0.66 CNet Energy, Gain NEg Mcals/lb 0.39 CMetabolizable Energy ME Mcals/lb 1.05 CRelative Forage Quality RFQ 162.82 CMilk/Ton lbs 2,772 C

Macro Minerals Micro MineralsPhosphorus P 0.37 % DM NIR Iron Fe ppm NRCalcium Ca 1.39 % DM NIR Manganese Mn ppm NRPotassium K 3.07 % DM NIR Zinc Zn ppm NRMagnesium Mg 0.29 % DM NIR Copper Cu ppm NRSodium Na % DM NRChloride Cl % DM NR Ash 9.65 % DM NIRSulfur S % DM NR

1 WC = wet chemistryNIR = near infrared spectroscopy

NR = not requestedNA = not available

C = calculatedT = tabular value

Methods used for these analyses can be found at http://uwlab.soils.wisc.edu/procedures.htm

CLIENT COPY

Buildafeedlibrary:compilealltestresultsfromyourfeedstuffsinto1spreadsheet.

CalculateintakeonaDryMatterBasis:AsfedintakeXdrymatter%=drymatterintake

Calculateintakeofindividualnutrientcategoriesusingthesamemethodasdrymatterintakeandtotaleachcolumnatthebottom

AddallthenutrientrequirementsfromtheNRCtothespreadsheet

Toevaluateyourrationcomparedtorequirements,subtractthediettotalfromtherequiredamountandseehowyourrationisdoing!

Youhavesuccessfullycompletedyourfirstrationanalysis!!!Youcancheckotherrationsbysimplyadjustingthenumbersinthe“Intakeasfed”column”

CostAnalysis

•  DoIusehome-grownfeedsorshouldIpurchasefeedstuffs?

•  Addcosttothespreadsheet!•  Productioncostsforfeedstuffscanalsobesubstitutedforcashprices

CostAnalysis

Feed $/ton* $/lbDM Mcal/lbDM $/McalAlfalfaHay $240 $0.11 0.58 $0.18Corn $154 $0.07 0.98 $0.07CornGluten $200 $0.09 0.86 $0.10DDGs $195 $0.09 1.13 $0.08

*cashmarketprice:$4.30/bucornProductioncostcanbesubstituted

KeyPoints

•  Ifyoudon’tmeasureit,youdon’tknowifitisworking(orcouldbebetter)

•  Analyzingyourrationsisquickandsimple•  Costofproductionshoulddriveallnutritiondecisions

KeyPoints

•  Ifyoudon’tmeasureit,youdon’tknowifitisworking(orcouldbebetter)

•  Rationbalancingsoftwareandnutritionistsareveryvaluablebuttheyarenottheonesfeedingyoursheep!

•  Sheepareversatilebuttransitionslowly

Questions?

Example

•  EarlyLactationewe,180poundsbodyweight•  Requires7.26McalME,522gCP,13.8gCa,12gP

•  Consumes6poundsAlfalfahay– 6.81McalME,654gCP,29.1gCa,11.1gP

•  Needsadditional0.45McalME– Alreadyfeedingexcessof156gCPperday

BuildingaRation•  Balanceshortcomingsofforageswithconcentrates

•  Grains•  Corn•  Soybeanmeal•  Oats

–  Co-Products•  DDGS•  CornGluten

–  Pellets/Completefeeds– Vitamin/MineralPremixes

ConcentrateFormulation

•  Concentratesshouldmakeupforshortcomingsinforages

•  Needtoknow:– Nutrientcompositionofforages–  Intakeofforages

•  Providewhattheyneedwithoutexceeding•  Balancingrationischeapwaytoimproveproductionefficiency

RumenpHChange