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Rest &
Activity
Rest
Condition of rest Adequate Sleep Mental Relaxation Physical Comfort
Sleep Stages of sleep
NREM (non-REM):
Stage , Ⅰ Ⅱ ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ
REM (rapid eye movement) Sleep cycle
Sleep Cycle
NREMⅡ
REM
NREMⅡ
NREMⅢ
NREMⅣ
NREMⅢ
Presleep NREMⅠ
Assessment of sleep
Factors Affecting Sleep Sleep Disorders Sleep Characteristics of
Hospitalized Clients Collection of Data About Sleep
smoking
diet
Alcohol
stimulants
Emotional stress lifestyle
fatigue
environment
illness age
sleep
Factors Affecting Sleep
Sleep characteristics of hospitalized clients
Desynchronization
昼夜性节律去同步化sleep deprivation 睡眠减少sleep fragmentation 睡眠中断vulnerability to rebounds
诱发补偿
Collection of Data About Sleep
Usual sleep pattern Bedtime rituals performed t help fall
asleepUse of sleep medications and other
drugsSleep environment Recent changes in sleep patterns or
difficulties in sleeping
Usual Sleep Pattern
hours of undisturbed sleep time of going to bed time of waking up in the morning time and duration of naps time of trying to fall asleep frequency and reason of waking up at
night ,duration of these periodswhether easily aroused and snoresleep disorders : insomnia,
sleepwalking , sleep talking quality of sleep or satisfaction with sleep
Nursing Intervention to Promote Sleep
Creating a restful environment Supporting bedtime rituals Arranging nursing interventions
reasonably Strengthening mental nursing Health teaching Administrating sleep medications
reasonably
Activity
Factors Affecting Activity
Growth and Development Physical Health Mental Health Personal Values and Attitudes External Factors Prescribed Limitations
Physical Health
Congenital or Acquired Postural Abnormalities
Problems with Bone Formation or Muscle Development
Problems Affecting Joint Mobility Damage to the Central Nervous System Trauma to the Musculoskeletal System Problems Involving other Body Systems
Effects of Immobility
Musculoskeletal system Disuse atrophy 废用性肌萎缩 Osteoporosis 骨质疏松 Contracture 挛缩 Stiffness and pain in the joint 关节僵硬、疼痛Cardiovascular System Orthostatic (postural) hypotension 体位性低血压 Thrombus formation of deep vein 深静脉血栓形成
Effects of Immobility
Respiratory system
Decreased respiratory movement
Retention of carbon dioxide
二氧化碳滞留 Hypostatic pneumonia 坠积性肺炎Metabolic System Decreased metabolic rate
Negative nitrogen balance
Effects of Immobility
urinary system Urinary retention 尿潴留 Urinary calculi 泌尿道结石 Urinary infection 泌尿道感染Gastrointestinal system Constipation 便秘Integumentary System Pressure ulcer
Psychosocial Effects
Activity &
Nursing Process
Assessing Nursing History Daily activity level
Activity tolerance
Type and frequency of exercise
Factors affecting mobility
Physical Examination Problems Related to Immobility
Physical Examination
Body Alignment and Gait Joint Structure and Function Muscle Mass and Strength Activity Tolerance
Assessing
general information 一般资料 cardiorespiratory function status 心肺功能状
态 Musculoskeletal status 骨骼肌肉状态 Joint function status 关节功能情况 body activity level 机体活动能力 current state of illness 目前的患病情况 social and psychological status 社会心理状况
Implementing
Choosing suitable position Maintaining normal physical status of
spine and functional position of joints Reducing Immobility Hazards Providing ROM Exercises Implementing isometric and isotonic
exercise of muscles
Recommended