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Residential Framing. University High School. Framed House. Load Bearing vs. Non-Load Bearing. Load Bearing Walls. Exterior walls that carry ceiling, roof, or upper floor loads to the foundation are called load bearing walls Walls in the middle add support Weather: Wind Snow Hurricanes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Residential Framing
University High School
Framed House
Load Bearing vs. Non-Load Bearing
Load Bearing Walls•Exterior walls that carry ceiling, roof, or
upper floor loads to the foundation are called load bearing walls
•Walls in the middle add support•Weather:
▫Wind▫Snow▫Hurricanes▫Etc…
Non-Bearing Walls•Walls help shape a house’s interior finish
▫Defines rooms•Serves as unit for plumbing and electrical
systems•Can be moved
▫Consult building professional
Types of Framing
Platform Framing•Built one level at a time with each floor
providing a platform▫Room to building the next series of walls
•Most commonly used today •Protects better against fire•Cheaper•Easier to fins smaller straight wood
Balloon Framing•Studs run full height from mudsill to the
top plate▫Maximum of 20 feet
•Problem with fires ▫Floor to floor
•Hard to find 20 foot pieces of lumber that is straight
•Way more expensive ($$)
Wall types•Wood
▫Residential walls are wood (cost)•Concrete
▫Commercial•Masonry
▫Both•Metal
▫Both
Wood•Flexible•Economical•Easy to construct
▫Still strong•Most walls are made from 2x4’s
▫Most common stock of wood•Some places require 2x6’s
▫Canada (code)▫Cold
Wall Framing Components
Sole Plate
Stud
Top Plate - Often
Doubled
Header Rough
Opening
Studs•Placed every 16” on center (12”, 16” 24”
O.C.)•Secured to the top plate and sole plate
with a nail gun•Nailed for time•Helps distribute the weight (roof/top
floors)
Stud
Stud
Top Plate/Sole Plate•Exterior walls mostly use double top
plates to support the weight of joist/rafters of a roof
•Complete the frame▫Tie the whole wall together▫All vertical frame members are tied into
them ▫Places for components to be fastened to
them
Top Plate
Sole Plate
Rough Opening (Windows/Doors)•Place for doors/windows to be placed in•Made to the size of the window/door
being placed in •Every opening within a frame requires a
header to support the weight above
Rough Openin
g
Rough Opening
Header•Carry weight bearing down on that
section of the wall•Header size is determined by the width of
opening•Supported by jack studs•Even with all windows/doors
▫ (standard height 6’ 8”)
Header
Header
Jack Studs (Trimmer)•Holds up the ends of the header that’s
bridges the gap•Transfers the load that the header carries
down to the bottom plate and the framing beneath.
King Studs •On both sides of a window/door to support
any weak point▫Runs from the sole plate to the top plate
•Gives another place to fasten components▫Doors/windows▫Ties the rough opening together
King Stud
King Stud
Jack Stud
Jack Stud
Cripple Studs•Smaller 2x4’s that support the weight of
the sill and window•Also placed at the top of a door to meet
the proper height of the wall•Add another place for interior/exterior
components to be fastened to•Placed just like normal studs
▫12”, 16”, 24” O.C.
Cripple Stud
King Stud
King Stud
Jack Stud
Jack Stud
Cripple Stud
Header
Header
Stud
Top Plat
e
Sole Plat
e
Floor Framing
Floor Frame•Joist
▫horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall wall to beam beam to beam
• These support a ceiling, roof, or floor•Joist Header
▫Support and hold joist in place▫Outside framing
•Girder▫Support beam (unusually an I-beam)▫Runs down the middle of a house
Provides strength to the floor•Plywood
▫Places on top of the joist as the first layer of the floor
•Joist Hangers/Bridging▫metal brackets used to connect joists to the
adjoining headers or support beams
Roof Framing
Gable Roofing Components
•Ridge Board▫runs along the peak of the roof parallel to
the outside walls▫Nailed
•Ceiling Joist ▫two prime functions
tie the walls of a structure or a room together to support the ceiling of the structure, or
room•Rafters
▫Series of sloped structural members that extend from the ridge or hip to the down-slop eave
▫Support the roof deck
•Gable Studs▫members that hold a gable roof in place
•Overhang▫Extends past the exterior walls▫Lets rain run off/other debris▫Place gutters
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