Research Education for Teachers Summer 2013

RESEARCH EDUCATION FOR TEACHERS SUMMER 2013

Caroline Fletcher

Advisor: Dan Karmgard

Projects

Astrophysics

Compact Muon Solenoid

Astrophysics

Observational Astronomy Telescope alignment

Celestron 8-inch.

Image taking SBIG ST-8XECCD camera and attached it to the Celestron CPC800 11-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.

Compact

Muon

Solenoid

Cartoon Muon Solenoid Program: Components:

Image This is a three dimensional image of the Compact

Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. Can rotate and view every inch of the detector

while studying the variety of events.

CMS

Graphic Controls Controls the transparency of each detector part. Detectable Path

This is the actual physics. (The vector sum of Transverse momentum in the x-y plane)

CMS

Event type EM: Electrons/Positrons/Photons

These stop in the Ecal HD: Charged pions/neutral kaons

These stop in the Hcal Mu: Muons/Neutrions

These travel through the entire detector. Charge

Determines the shape of the track. 0 = straight line -1/+1 bend in the opposite direction.

Px/Py/Pz

The charge determines the direction and the momentum determines the amount of curvature. This will only occur in the x-y plane due to the solenoid being

oriented along the z-axis. Vertex

Where the collision occurred (0 cm)

CMS

Underlying Event This allows you to see EVERYTHING!! (HELP ME)

Avg Bkg The average background value is used as the average of a flat

distribution. Lower number = less realistic

PtCut This filter allows you to concentrate on the transverse momentum.

Higher momentum = less tracks Track

Number assigned to each track. Color

This enables you to “pin-point” the exact track you wish to study when concentrating on momentum.

Help and Home Self explanatory!

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Particle Identification Color Code

Since tracks are generated without your interaction, colors have been assigned to particle type Electrons = Green Photons = Light Blue Hadrons = Yellow Muons = Red Neutrinos = Dark Blue

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Track information Hold shift and left mouse together, and a box

will appear. pz = Momentum on the z-axis

pT = Transverse Momentum

φ = Angular displacement ɳ = Efficiency VTX = Vertex M = Mass E = Energy ID = Particle

CMS

Select a

Process

Hard Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Hadron-Hadron collisions and predicted by the perturbation

theory. Fragment into jets.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Top Quark The heaviest of all six which makes it very short lived.

The been has to be at least 7 TeV. Decay into W-boson and a bottom quark.

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

LeptoQuark Hypothetical Particle (Do I need to say more?)

pp collisions with energies around 7 TeV. Being heavy, these particles decay very quickly into one of three generations.

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

Standard Model (SM) Higgs This particle has no spin, electric charge, or color

change with mass around 125 GeV/c2. Unstable = Quick Decay Many believe that this particle explains why some

particles are massive and others mass-less. Most probable decays:

b-quark-b-antiquark, charmed quark-charmed antiquark, or tau-anti-tau.

Other possibilities: WW and ZZ, although these particles will also

undergo another stage of decay (lepton-anti-lepton, neutron-anti-neutron, quark-anti-quark)

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Prompt Photons pp collisions and are detected in the eCal. Because they do not fragment into jets, we can

achieve a more accurate picture of these photons. Two processes

Low pT The quark gluon Compton Scattering process dominates.

High pT

Quark anti-quark annihilation dominates.

As the curves steepness decreases, the pT will increases.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Weak Boson Exchange W and Z particles that are the carrier of the

electromagnetic force. We only see the decay particles! There are 24 possibilities with only 21 that are

visible. Most common: quark-antiquark pair which you can see

as jets.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Single

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Boson Pair

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Boson + Jet

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

CMS public data (The REAL thing!!!!) How to choose your data set

Select data file: Choose which type of event you would like to research.

Event: Public released data usually in sequential order.

Muon Filters: Tracker is the inner most part of the detector, and

the muons that are detected in this section produce ambiguous results in all other parts of the detector.

Stand Alone: This type of muon is detected in the spectrometer and has no detection in the tracker. These muons are more than likely produced from a decay and are also accompanied with a jet.

Global: This type of muon is measured in all sections of the detector.

Jet cones: The cones indicate that there are many particles traveling together in the same direction away from the same source. This is also a sign that a quark collision may have just occurred. You may check this box for on/off view.

Jet Hadrons: Quarks or Gluons have been knocked out of the proton.

CMS

I KNOW……. She is finally DONE!!!!

Thank You!