RESEARCH EDUCATION FOR TEACHERS SUMMER 2013

Caroline Fletcher

Advisor: Dan Karmgard

Projects

Astrophysics

Compact Muon Solenoid

Astrophysics

Observational Astronomy Telescope alignment

Celestron 8-inch.

Image taking SBIG ST-8XECCD camera and attached it to the Celestron CPC800 11-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.

Compact

Muon

Solenoid

Cartoon Muon Solenoid Program: Components:

Image This is a three dimensional image of the Compact

Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. Can rotate and view every inch of the detector

while studying the variety of events.

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Graphic Controls Controls the transparency of each detector part. Detectable Path

This is the actual physics. (The vector sum of Transverse momentum in the x-y plane)

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Event type EM: Electrons/Positrons/Photons

These stop in the Ecal HD: Charged pions/neutral kaons

These stop in the Hcal Mu: Muons/Neutrions

These travel through the entire detector. Charge

Determines the shape of the track. 0 = straight line -1/+1 bend in the opposite direction.

Px/Py/Pz

The charge determines the direction and the momentum determines the amount of curvature. This will only occur in the x-y plane due to the solenoid being

oriented along the z-axis. Vertex

Where the collision occurred (0 cm)

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Underlying Event This allows you to see EVERYTHING!! (HELP ME)

Avg Bkg The average background value is used as the average of a flat

distribution. Lower number = less realistic

PtCut This filter allows you to concentrate on the transverse momentum.

Higher momentum = less tracks Track

Number assigned to each track. Color

This enables you to “pin-point” the exact track you wish to study when concentrating on momentum.

Help and Home Self explanatory!

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Particle Identification Color Code

Since tracks are generated without your interaction, colors have been assigned to particle type Electrons = Green Photons = Light Blue Hadrons = Yellow Muons = Red Neutrinos = Dark Blue

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Track information Hold shift and left mouse together, and a box

will appear. pz = Momentum on the z-axis

pT = Transverse Momentum

φ = Angular displacement ɳ = Efficiency VTX = Vertex M = Mass E = Energy ID = Particle

CMS

Select a

Process

Hard Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Hadron-Hadron collisions and predicted by the perturbation

theory. Fragment into jets.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Top Quark The heaviest of all six which makes it very short lived.

The been has to be at least 7 TeV. Decay into W-boson and a bottom quark.

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

LeptoQuark Hypothetical Particle (Do I need to say more?)

pp collisions with energies around 7 TeV. Being heavy, these particles decay very quickly into one of three generations.

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

Standard Model (SM) Higgs This particle has no spin, electric charge, or color

change with mass around 125 GeV/c2. Unstable = Quick Decay Many believe that this particle explains why some

particles are massive and others mass-less. Most probable decays:

b-quark-b-antiquark, charmed quark-charmed antiquark, or tau-anti-tau.

Other possibilities: WW and ZZ, although these particles will also

undergo another stage of decay (lepton-anti-lepton, neutron-anti-neutron, quark-anti-quark)

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Prompt Photons pp collisions and are detected in the eCal. Because they do not fragment into jets, we can

achieve a more accurate picture of these photons. Two processes

Low pT The quark gluon Compton Scattering process dominates.

High pT

Quark anti-quark annihilation dominates.

As the curves steepness decreases, the pT will increases.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Weak Boson Exchange W and Z particles that are the carrier of the

electromagnetic force. We only see the decay particles! There are 24 possibilities with only 21 that are

visible. Most common: quark-antiquark pair which you can see

as jets.

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Single

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Boson Pair

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

Boson + Jet

pT Cut (MeV) = 0

pT Cut (GeV) = 5

CMS public data (The REAL thing!!!!) How to choose your data set

Select data file: Choose which type of event you would like to research.

Event: Public released data usually in sequential order.

Muon Filters: Tracker is the inner most part of the detector, and

the muons that are detected in this section produce ambiguous results in all other parts of the detector.

Stand Alone: This type of muon is detected in the spectrometer and has no detection in the tracker. These muons are more than likely produced from a decay and are also accompanied with a jet.

Global: This type of muon is measured in all sections of the detector.

Jet cones: The cones indicate that there are many particles traveling together in the same direction away from the same source. This is also a sign that a quark collision may have just occurred. You may check this box for on/off view.

Jet Hadrons: Quarks or Gluons have been knocked out of the proton.

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I KNOW……. She is finally DONE!!!!

Thank You!