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Regents Biology
Why do we eat? We eat to take in more of these chemicals
Food for building materials to make more of us (cells) for growth for repair
Food to make energy calories to make ATP
ATP
Regents Biology
Do Now:
Hand in your pH lab.
Regents Biology
What do we need to eat? Foods to give you more building blocks
& more energy for building & running bodies
carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids vitamins minerals, salts water
Regents Biology
The New Food Pyramid
Regents Biology
Water 65% of your body is H2O water is inorganic
doesn’t contain carbon
Rest of you is made of carbon molecules organic molecules
carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids
Don’t forget water
Regents Biology 2009-2010
Carbohydrates:
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
Regents Biology
sucrose
Carbohydrates Function:
quick energy energy storage structure
cell wall in plants
Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall)
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
Regents Biology
Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in
glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
-ose
maltose
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
Regents Biology
BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch
energy storage in plants potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles cellulose
structure in plants cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
Regents Biology
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
Regents Biology
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
Regents Biology
Cellulose Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material
moving in your intestines
Regents Biology
Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?
Regents Biology 2009-2010
Let’s build some
Carbohydrates!
EATX
Regents Biology
Activities building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules eat carrots, celery, cookies
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