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8/9/2019 Raindrops & Footprints Helsinki Lres
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Raindrops and Footprints
Prof M P RanjanNational Institute of Design
Ahmedabad, India
Mediating Tools
Subject Object
Community/Partners Division of LabourRules
Objective
Reections on Design Enabled Development Models for India
ranjanmp@nid.edu
www.designforindia.com
www.ranjanmp.in
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
i n
t e n t i
o n s & a c t ions t ha t g e n e
r a t e v
a l u
e
CULTURE
MATERIAL
EFFECT
ENVIRONMENT
Mediating Tools
Subject ObjectiveObject
Community Division of LabourRules
Reections on Action 1950 to 2010
Systems Thinking
Fire as a Metaphor for Design
Activity Theory
Framework for Reection on
Practice
Experience by itself does not createknowledge. However, it is the reection
on experience that does.Prof Bruce Archer
Yrjo Engestrom, 1999
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
1950 to 1969
Insights & Appreciation of
Wood
Machines
Business
PeopleDisparity
Poverty
Schooling
Skills
Modelmaking
Language
Father’s Toy Factory Rockytoys, Madras
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Design Education: NID 1969 to 1972
Industrial Design
Form
Structure
Performance
Context
People
Play
Skills
Modelmaking
Language
NID, Ahmedabad
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Design in Madras 1974 to 1976
Design for Small Industry
Form
Structure
Performance
Context
People
Markets
Business
Money
Expertise
Rockytoys, Madras
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Chennapatna Toys: NID 1976 to 1981
Design for Micro Industry
Form
Structure
Performance
Context
People
Poverty - Low Capital
Exploitation
Strategy - Empowerment
Markets - Direct Access
Chennapatna, Karnataka
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Jawaja Project: IIMA NID 1974 - ongoing
Design for Rural Development
Form
Structure
Performance
Context
PeoplePoverty - Self Help
Exploitation - Caste Politics
Strategy - Diversify
Markets - New
Organisation - Community
Jawaja, Rajasthan
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Jawaja Leather: Diploma 1976 - 1977
Design for Rural Development
Form
Structure
Performance
Context
PeoplePoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversifcation
Markets - New
Organisation - Community
Jawaja, Rajasthan
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Jawaja Revisited 2008 - 2009
Design for Rural Development
Systems Evaluation
Understanding Complexity
Economic Change:
but.......
PeoplePoverty - Empowered
Caste Politics - Organised
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - Established
SLAUGHTER HOUSE
LEATHER MANDI
R s 1 0
0
JAWAJA LEATHER
ASSOC
JAWAJA LEATHER ASSOCIATIONproduct process model
HIDE
TRANSPORT
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT AND
CLEANING
TANNING
SEWING INTO BAGS
SUN DRYING
REFERENCE
DESIGNS- PAPER
TANNED
LEATHER
MARKED
TOOLS
SKILLED
WORKMANSHIP
END PRODUCT
PURCHASE
ASSOCOATION
CARCASS IN FIELDS
BABOOL - BARK
HUSK FROM FIELDS
VILLAGER
CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
BASIC RAW
MATERIAL
SKINNING
PROCESS
DEAD
BUFFALO
BASED UPON- processstudy conducted in the village SARGAON duringMARCH 2008.The scenario has basically shown ashift from the initial model withrespect to the process of acquiringraw-hide. Earlier the carcass was flayed bythe RAIGARS but now they acquire it directlyfrom the market.
CRAFTPeople
E c o n o m y
v a l u
e
l i f e c
y c l e
p r o c e s s
r e s o u r c e
s o c i o
- c u l t
u r e
c o n t
e x t
l i v e l i h o o d
i d e n t i t y
Market
D e s i g n
I n t e r v e n t i o n
Places
Consumers
Middle man
Natural
Locally available
Tools
Raw material-
Skill & dedication
Workmanship
Supply chain
Indigenous innovation
Craft product lifecycle
generation to gen.
t i o n
e n t -
Traditions & rituals
Community level issues
Topographic
Cultural
Religion
Migration
Emotional values
Socio-economic
Supplementary source
Socio-economic growth
Basic need
Genetic values
Tradition
Lifestyle
Skill
Demography
Awareness
Transition
Caste
rituals festivals
ons
caste system
rituals
tions
devotion aesthetics
family
religion
land temperature
limate
tion
motifs inherent skills
context
skill
raw-material
environment
gatherings
STDs cross-culture
exposure
caste land/posession
legacy
val
s
tradi
disp
lif
consump
production t
gender age
Sex
Aspiration bits
dge sharing
on
posure Contacts
ce
Genetic raining ure n
, , - ,
i. .
. .
. .
. . -
RBH
EXTERNAL
RESOURCES
SKILL
CRAFT
EDUCATION
ASPIRATIONS
HEAL
HAZA
SIDE-
BY-P
COMMUNICATION
CONTROL
IDENTITY
TECHNOLOGY LIFE-STYLE
- Y
Y
MARKET-JUNK
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
P E O P L E
P A N C H A Y A T
P R I V A T E
P U B L I C
P O L I C Y H I D I N G
S O C I O - C U L T U R E
E C O N O M Y
VILLAGE
TRADITION
Y
CLIMATE
Limited Access to
the Village Well
Jawaja, Rajasthan
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Bamboo: Field Study 1979 - 1981
Anthropology & Design
Field Work - Design Intent
People & Objects
Material & Technology
Location & Politics
ContextPeoplePoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - New
Organisation - Community
Research Insights from Crafts Documentation / Design Education
BasketsStructure and FunctionSignificant DetailsLocal DifferencesCultural Variety
Furniture
HousesTools
Bamboo
Boxes
Trays
People
Activities
History
Research Insights from Crafts Documentation / Design Education
PhotographsSelection
ClassificationArchiving
Organising
25
276400
400
Northeast India
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Bamboo: Field Trials 1982 - 1996
Sociology, Economy & Design
Field Work - Design Intent
People & Objects
Material & Technology
Location & Politics
PeoplePoliticsPoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - New Local & Global
Organisation - Community
• Handicrafts
• Furniture
• Tools
• Mats
• Baskets
• Laminates
Training & Empowerment
- Network of Institutional supports
Infrastructure
- Innovation and Dissemination network
Seeding New Industries & Clusters
- Schemes for supply of Tools and Designs
Exposure to Knowledge of Markets
- Participation in Trade Fairs and ExhibitionsContinuous Innovation
- Invest in local Design and Technology Innovation
Policy Framework
- Bamboo Policy and Support Systems
Government Intervention
- Explore posssibility of
Bamboo Development Council
for Public - Private Partnership
and to oversee development efforts.
Agartala, Tripura
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Seedlings of Wealth 1995 - 1999 - 2007 - 2010
Conceptual Design
Experience - Imagination
Evolution of Models
Local Resources
Location & Politics
ContextPeoplePoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversifcation
Markets - Integrated Strategy
Organisation - Community
Closing the Deal Lo c al Ma r k et s
Agriculture Housing
Utility Transport
Furniture..
Marketable Concepts
Eco-Friendly Sustainable
Hand Skills Natural
Bio-Tech Info-Tech..
Brand Building Trade Fairs
Media Web Sites
e-Commerce New Markets
Value addition Live Contact
Knowledge Driven
Export Products
Local Products
Seedlings of Wea lt h
Forest F r i nge Controlled Extraction
of Bamboo Agr icult ure
Food Crops Traditional Cash Crops
V i lla ge House Clusters
B amboo as Primary Cash Crop
Ser v ic e Prov ider s Know-How
Design & Technology Scientific Finance
Transport Communications ....
B amboo Fringe
Towns Cities
Export Products
Institut ionsTraditional & New Systems
Local Products
Common Faci l i t y Cent re s Craft & Agro-Based
Industries
Comm er ce
ResultsIntentions
?
Footprints
Raindrops
Action Research Strategy
Field Inplementation Strategy
Raindrops & Footprints
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Mediating Tools
Subject Object
Community/Partners Division of LaborRules
Objective
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
C lo s i n g t h e Deal
Loc al M ar k ets Agriculture
Housing Utility
Transport Furniture..
Marketable Concepts
Eco-Friendly Sustainable
Hand Skills Natural
Bio-Tech Info-Tech..
Brand
Building Trade Fairs
Media Web Sites
e-Commerce New Markets
Value addition Live Contact
Knowledge Driven
Export Products
Local Products
.
,
.
.
.
S e e dl i ngs of Wea lt h
Fo re st Frin g e Controlled Extraction
of Bamboo Ag r ic u l t u re
Food Crops Traditional Cash Crops
Vil la g e House Clusters
B a m b o o as Primary Cash Crop
S e rv i ce P rov i d e rs Know-How
Design & Technology Scientific
Finance Transport
Communications ....
B amb o o Fringe
Towns Cit ies
Export Products
Ins tit uti ons
Traditional & New Systems
Local Products
C o m m o n Fa c il ity C e ntre s Craft & Agro-Based
Industries
C o m m e r c e
–
Obj e ct s of De s ire Loc al P r od uc t s
Baskets Traps
Mats Houses
Fences Furniture
Tools.....
Ex por t Pr oduct s Baskets & Mats
Furniture Lamps
Kitchen Tools Garden Accessories
Office Accessories Cabins and Kiosks
Roofs and Walls..Innovative
Tools & Technology PlyBoards
Composites Simple Machines
Hand Tools...
New Products Laminated Boards
Composite Components Laminated Furniture
New Applications...
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
Oppo r t un ity B a nk
M i cro-credit for
Experimental Plantations
Service Nurseries Gene Pool Bank
Common Facility Centres
B amboo
Plantations
Cane Plantations
Artisan Cooperatives Venture Capital
Working Capital Equipment Infrastructure Financial Institutions
Support Encouragement Motivation
–
Human Resource as Capital
Training Infrastructure
Farm Practices Craft Skills
New Products New Tools
Simple Machines New Markets
N e w Mo d el s
Cooperation Motivation Inputs Sustainability
Promotion
Resources
Video Media CD-ROM Trainers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E v e nt s a nd M ed i a Meetings Websites Awards Publications...
Ce lebration of Exc el l en c e
Outstanding
Achievements in
Experimental Plantations Service Nurseries
Gene Pool Banks
Common Facility Centres
Design & Technology Research Craft & Skill Demonstration
Management Systems...
Ba mb o o Plantations
C ane Plantations
Value Addition and Achievements in Products Services Research Development
Activity Theory Framework
Results
Artefacts & TechnologiesStrategies
Motivation
Intentions
Organisations
FROM THE LAND TO THE PEOPLE
Bamboo as a Sustainable Human
Development Resource for India
1999 UNDP Report
©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
«
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Bamboo: Village Focus 2002 - 2007
Sociology, Economy & Design
Field Work - Design Intent
People & Objects
Material & Technology
Location & Politics
PeoplePoliticsPoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - New Local & Global
Organisation - Community
Sustainable Agriculture
High Quality Raw Materials
Local Rural Employment
Intensive Plantations
Field Bund PlantationsHomestead Plantations
Product Design Strategies... from
Baskets
to
Furniture
Katlamara, Tripura
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Cluster Development 2008 - 2010
Sociology, Economy & Design
Field Work - Design Intent
People & Objects
Material & Technology
Location & Politics
People & PoliticsPoverty - Empower
Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - New Local & Global
Organisation - Community
Action - Decentralised
- -
SUGGESTED BUSINESS PLAN FOR
PRODUCTION OF
BAMBOO POLE CHAIRS
IN TRIPURA
l i h 3
In i
Centre forBambooInitiativesat NID
Katlamara, Tripura
Jhunjhunu
H
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
J mm rh
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E
J i r i 2 2 r lhi n i ll c nn c t r , r il n ir.
l r i r J i r, r , 3 n n n r, 2 .
i the it l li r
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r r lli th c r
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cl r r r i rl i i r
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ir r i r ir c r i ir rri ri
i r i li r i ri l r
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ri i l lli c r r c r li
r l i ki ri i r
c l r l ci l i r i c
r rc i c r r i I th c r
c i l c i i r i
ic r l c r r c r
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i r kr r li c l r i r
ci i r I i l r l i
rr cr l ll i rc
ci l i ri i r c l r c r
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B l u e p o tte r y o f J a i p u r
Production Clusters
Jaipurdistrict
Products
Traditional:Surahis– narrow
neckedp itchers
Cylindricaljars
Contemporary:Ashtrays, Flowerpots
Lampstands
Beads, Earstuds
Buttons, Doorknobs
Mirrorframes
Plates, Tiles
Soapcases
Jugs, Mugs
Coffeecups
Paperweights
Incenseburners
Tools
Thapki –beating tool
Patti–metalstrip
Chaak –potter’swhee l
Silbatta –traditional
grinding stone
Bhatti –kiln
Sandpaper, sieves
Moulds, brushes
NOR TH/ RAJASTHAN / Jaipur
Alocally developed turquoise glaze draws
on the blue tiled mosques of Central Asia.
Cr
J I
l tt r J i r
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h t t l i n l l c t in t t hi n t ri t h t
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l c r n tr tin th c r in
r c t hi r h i n J i r.
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Ablue glazed vase of Persian origin;
the influence of this style on the
indigenous blue potteryis obvious.
The surface of this vase is marked with
the leher ,wave pattern, a motif that is
shared with manycrafts in this arid region.
The untraditional motifs of this vase are derived from
the representation of the lotus flowerin the local
miniature painting tradition.
Ator us-shaped flowervase.
1
Inset Coaster.Contempor ary
products like coasters and mugs are
being made with improved glazes
and reliable structural qualities.
The low temperature glazed potteryof
Jaipurisaccorded the name ‘blue pottery’
due toits predominantlyblue patterns.Wheel
turning and moulding techniquesare used
in combination—the necksand basesare
wheel-turned,the bodyis shaped in a plaster
ofParismould and the separate elements
are joined.The surface is then engobed, a process involving
the applicationofa cleanwhitecoatonthe sandedanddried
objectsoas tomake the surface smooth,white and blotfree.
The patterns,largelyflorals rendered in the Persian style,
are painted on in metal oxide pigments(mineralpigments)
and the whole objectisgiven a glassglaze.During the firing,
the pigmentsdevelop the characteristic brilliant shades of
turquoise blue, pale green, yellow and red-brown and the milky
glaze turns transparent. Since the presence of water can cause
the object to collapse during firing, blue potteryis dried at
various stages duringitsproduction.Thepotteryisfinishedwith
atransparentglassglaze.Generally, women perform the task
of grinding the pigments while men undertake the throwing
and moulding of the pottery forms, the painting and the
firing. According to local legend, Maharaja Sawai Ram II was
watching his kite-master competewithotherchallengerswhenthethreadof theimperialkite was cut by that of two brothers,
Churamani and Kaluram, whowere pottersand had coated their
kite string with the blue green glass-like dustof theirpottery.
The maharaja was impressed and gave them posts in the
SchoolofArt and settled them in the Goonga Mehra ki Gali in
Gangori Bazaar; it was thus that blue pottery came to Jaipur.
G n h i r
2002 - 2007
Economy & Knowledge
Field Work - Design Intent
People & Objects
Material & Technology
Location & Politics
People
Politics & DesignPoverty - Empower
Caste Politics - Organise
Strategy - Product Diversication
Markets - New Local & Global
Organisation - Community
Craft Resources Map
editors: Aditi Ranjan I M P Ranjan
COHANDSDC(H)NID
Crafts of IndiaRANJAN
&
RANJAN
Mapin
H an d m a d ei nI n d i a
C r af t s
of I n d i a
Handmade
in India
023022
Bellmetal casting,
ritualvessel,
Imphal, Manipur.
Brass, heatforged
serving vessel,
Jhajpur, Orissa.
Brasscooking utensil, sheet
formed with casthandles,
Dhenkanal, Orissa.
Bellmetal, sheet
formed ritualvessel,
Jhajpur, Orissa.
Dhokra, lostwaxcasting,
grain measure,
Ranchi, Jharkhand.
Bellmetal castcharakku,
large cooking vessel,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Copper spitoon, sheet
formed and embossed,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Bidri wash basin, copper and
zincalloywith silver inlay,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
Copper container, cast,
embossed, chased and
pierced work,
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
Brasssheet formed
water pot,
Dhenkanal, Orissa.
Brass, heatforged
serving vessel
Patrapur, Orissa.
Handmade in IndiaMapping the Creative Resources of the Nation
32 States 516 Craft Clusters
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Village
Incubatee
Select
Candidate
Contact
Engage
Confrm
Study
Understand
Explore
Experiment
Develop
Insights
Resource
Maps
Try
Build
Prototype
Feedback
Listen
Empathise
Develop
Refne ConceptsShare
Publish
Collaborate
Incubate
Partner
Handhold
Share
Value
Try
Do
Learn
Macro-Micro SurveyPeople
Place
Culture
Opportunity
Maps
Web 2.0
Hand Holding
Feasibility
Report
Training
Camps
Angel Invest
Venture Capital
Know-How Transfer
Partner Programme
Sustained ContactCommunity Action
Raindrops
1
9
10
78
6
5
4
32
Vision & Mission: IICD Jaipur (2008)
Footprints in Time: Craft Research Methods IICD, Jaipur
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Books
Websites
Films
Prototypes
Strategies Knowledge
Strategy
Skills
Ability
Conviction
Products ............
Programmes ...........
IICD, Jaipur
Institute
Design
Architecture
Sociology
Anthropology
Technology
Management
Disciplines ............
Test
Beds
Action
Experiments
Innovations
Field Activities
Crafts
Incubatees
Incubation
Nurture
Support
Feedback
Partners
Colleagues
NGO’s
Incubation
Seed
Farm
Agents of
ChangeStudents
Graduates
MastersThinkers
NetworkWeb 2.0
Community
Interactive
Live
Connected
Caring
Partners
GovernmentRegulators
Enablers
Providers
Well Wishers
Philanthropists
Apply
5 Principles of Design Led Action
1. Humility (Propose vs Build)
2. Attention to Detail (Macro - Micro)
3. Meaning & Semiotic
4. Context - Tradition & Culture
5. Values & Ethics
Principles after Bruno Latour
Decentralised
Action
Village Incubatee-Institute Contact Model
Raindrop Strategy:
Community Cluster Action
Footprints in Place
IICD, Jaipur
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Reection on ActivitiesOrders of Design:
1st
2nd3rd
The First Order of Design:
The Order of Design of Material,
Form & Structure
The Third Order of Design: The Order of Design for Value –
Meaning and Purpose
The Second Order of Design:
The Order of Design for Function &
Feeling – Impact & Effect
Material
Function
Technique
Science
Economy
Aesthetics
Social
LinguisticEnvironmental
Political & Legal
Cultural
Systems
Spiritual
Craftsmanship
2008 - 2009
023022
Bellmetalcasting,ritualvessel,
Imphal,Manipur.
Brass,heatforgedserving vessel,
Jhajpur,Orissa.
Brasscooking utensil,sheetformed with casthandles,
Dhenkanal,Orissa.
Bellmetal,sheetformed ritualvessel, Jhajpur,Orissa.
Dhokra,lostwax casting,grain measure,Ranchi,Jharkhand.
Bellmetalcast charakku,large cooking vessel,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala.
Copperspitoon,sheetformed and embossed,
Ahmedabad,Gujarat.
Bidri wash basin,copperandzincalloywith silverinlay,Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh.
Coppercontainer,cast,embossed,chased and
pierced work,Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir.
Brasssheetformedwaterpot,
Dhenkanal,Orissa.
Brass,heatforgedserving vesselPatrapur,Orissa.
Katlamara
Jawaja
Chennapatna
Rockytoys
Handmade in India
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
2010 - 2020
Politics & Design
Bridge the Gap? Activity Theory ?
Sphere
of
Design
Intentions
Sphere
of Action in
Society &
Culture
Mediating Tools
Subject ObjectiveObject
General Beliefs & Explicit
Knowledge in Society
Beliefs, Faith, &
Tacit knowledge
Community Division of LabourRules
Oppportunities for
Education in Design
Thinking with Values
Oppportunities for
Advocating Design
Thinking with Values
Negotiation, Networking
& “Knotworking”
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©© 2010 M P Ranjan : Raindrops & Footprints : Helsinki
Raindrops and Footprints
Prof M P RanjanNational Institute of Design
Ahmedabad, India
Mediating Tools
Subject Object
Community/Partners Division of LabourRules
Objective
Reections on Design Enabled Development Models for India
ranjanmp@nid.edu
www.designforindia.com
www.ranjanmp.in
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