QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 4

QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF

“Morphology of the words”Lesson 4

Lessons from the bookMABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –basics of Arabic Grammar

RASHEED SHARTOONI

Standard form vs. Commonly used form

The student must know that not all the forms in Arabic language are standard {QYASIYA} that means there are forms used for certain words do not fall under standard form or scale and these are called SOMAAE’YA that means heard from or commonly used:

1.QYASIYA اند�ف�ع� –قياسية (Push) � اند�فاعا2.SOMAAE’YA ة�- سماعية� �ل ف�ع�ل DAHRAJA ج� د�حر�

ج�ة د�حر�

Note:

• Since the MASDAR is derived from a verb, therefore it is a better to take a summary of the types of the verbs from the aspect of the number of the letters in its root formد , مجر�and study the various forms of the verb after the addition مزيد of one or more from the letters which form سألتمونيها (You all asked me about her)

Mojarrad and Mazeed verbs

• د Verbs with Root letters – مجر�– Any form of a verb that contains ONLY the root

letters. – He Hit – ضرب– He Wrote – كتب

• .Root Verbs with increased letters –مزيد– They wrote كتبوا– He went on strike أضرب

Note: • The Mojarrad past verb Verb can have a dhummah, kasra or

fatha on the Ayn of the verb. • The Fa and La of the verb must be fatha for past tense.• Past tense verbs are prefixed by the following letters: Seen,

Alif, Laam, Taa, Meem, Wow, Noon Yaa, or HaaMojarrad Three Lettered Verb has three forms

• شرب ف�ع�ل�• كتب ف�ع�ل�• ف�ع*ل�قرب Mojarrad Four Lettered Verb has one form:

• Fa’lala زلزل فعلل

4&5-MOJARRAD and MAZEEDA singular triliteral root verb is without any increased

letter and is called MOJARRAD .For example ف� .(he knew) ع�ر�A MAZEED triliteral verb with increased letter to its root

can be as follows:A. Either one added letter:

for example: م�أ کر� (he honored) AKRAMA.B. Or two added letters: for example: نط�ل�ق�ا (he was set free). INTALAQAC. Or three added letters: for example: ر�است� غف� (he asked for forgiveness).

ISTAGHFARAThe book mentions ten forms of increased (MAZEED)

verbs.

Mazeed with one letter If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by

one letter, you can have the following forms:1. Fa’�ala with a shaddah on the A’YN of the verb

( �م� Form: Alima Al’lama (Taught) (ف�ع�ل� ع�لع�ل�م

2. Afa’la ( �فع�ل� Form: KaromaAkrama (offered (اhis Generousity) م� �ر� اك م� �ر� ك

3. Faa’ala ( Form: ShahadaShaahada (ف�اع�ل�(Witness) شاه�د� شه�د�

MAZEED with one increased letter• There are ten forms of triliteral verbs with

increase letters, we will start with the form of one increased letter:

• There are three forms of triliteral verbs that have one increase letter:

A. ل��ع�ف (FA’A’LA)This is form II Here the second root letter is doubled. For example: ب�ر� he) خ�informed)

B. ع�ل�اف (FAA’ALA) This is form III. Here an alif is added to the root. For example: خاب�ر�(he notified )

C. فعلأ This is form IV. Here a glottal stop is added to the beginning of the root. For example: أخب�ر� (he notified)

Mazeed with two lettersIf you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Two letter, you

can have the following 5 forms:1. Tafa’ala with SHADDAH on A’YN ( �ف��ع�ل� Form: Ta’al’lama (ت

(He Learned) ع�ل�م� ت2. Tafaaal( تشار�ك Form Tashaaraka (Associated) (تفاع�ل�

3. Infa’ala(أنفعل ) Form: InTalaqa & Insarafa (Left)4. Ifta’ala(أفتعل) Form: Ijtamaa’ (he met )5. Ifa’al �a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( �فع�ل� Form: Ihmar’ra (ا

(Become Red) إحم�ر�

MAZEED with two increased letterThere are five forms of triliteral verbs that have two increase

letters:A. ل�ع�ف�ت� (TAFA’A’LA)This is form V. Here a tā’ is added and the

second root letter is doubled. For example: ب�ل� he) ت�ق�accepted with strength) ; in respond to a demand strongly

B. ع�ل�افت� (TAFAAA’LA)This is form VI. Here a tā’ and an alif are added. For example ب�ل�ات�ق (they both met) ;both parties agreed and initiated the action

C. نع�ل�ا ف� (INFAA’LA)This is form VII. Here a glottal stop and a nūn are added. For example: ناب�ل� ق� (it was accepted) :action under influence or under pressure

D. ع�ل�ت�فا (IFTAA’LA)This is form VIII. Here a glottal stop (HAMZA) and a tā’ are added. For example: قت�ب�ل�ا (he received) : Action with intention and purpose

E. ل�فع�ا (EFALLA)This is form IX. Here a glottal stop is added and the last root letter is doubled. For example: ر� he become) احم�red): transformation to a description

Mazeed with three letter

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Three letter, you can have the following forms:

1. Istafal( �فع�ل� �ست Form: Istafsfara (Seeking the ( اMeaning)

2. Ifawala( �فع�وع�ل� Form: Ihdowdaba (Bending) ( ا�حد�ود�ب� ا

3. If’aal’l�a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( :Form ( افعال�Ik’dhaar’ra (Becoming Very Green) � اخضار�

MAZEED with three increased letterA. ست�افع�ل� (ISTAFA’LA)This is form X. Here a

glottal stop, sīn and tā’ are added. For example: ر� (he asked for forgiveness) است�غف�

B. ل�وع�فع�ا (IFA’OWA’LA)This is form XII. Here a glottal stop and a wāw are added along with another second root letter , example: (It was bent outward) احد�ود�ب�

( Form XI is not mentioned in this book)