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FTTP Design Strategies
Proprietary and Confidential
Founded in 1999
Headquartered in Petaluma, CA
Development centers in California (4), Minnesota, Boston, China and Brazil
TAC Center and logistics center in Dallas
Leader in advanced broadband access
Industry’s broadest fiber access portfolio
North America’s fiber access leader
A record of access innovation and industry leadership
A partner you can count on
Over 1,200 customers in 40+ countries and territories
18%+ of revenue invested in R&D
$3.0 billion+ in deployed systems
No debt. Cash generating.
Traded on NYSE: CALX
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Proprietary and Confidential
The rise of consumer devices… and the cloud
Fiber Access
The Cloud
Content Subscriber
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Proprietary and Confidential
North American Access Leadership
North America Leader
#1 market share in North American FTTP OLTs
U.S. operators deploying FTTP
Leader in U.S. fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) deployments
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575
292
(Broadband Communities, November 2015)(Infonetics, September 2015)
Proprietary and Confidential5
Infonetics, September 2015
Proprietary and Confidential
Communities served by Calix ILEC customers
NFL/NBA cities: 10 metros• Orlando, Las Vegas, Seattle,
Portland, Denver, Phoenix, Cincinnati, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, Minneapolis/St. Paul
10,000+ population: 100+
<10,000 population: 1000’s
Electric Coops
U.S.: 18+ networks
Outside U.S.: 1 New Zealand
Muni/Muni Electric
Over 50 community owned networks
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Fiber Optic Basics
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Proprietary and Confidential8
In This Module
This module includes the following sections:
Fiber Components
Optical Budget Loss
Proprietary and Confidential9
Fiber Advantages
Advantages can be defined in two ways
Cost avoidance• Equipment costs: maintenance, diagnostic
• Personnel: number required, skill level
• Truck Rolls: frequency and length
• Construction Costs: re-construction or upgrade
• Operations: power, battery backup, controlled environments
Business enhancement• Marketing: ability to attract customers
• Retention / satisfaction: ability to avoid customer churn
• Total revenue generation potential
• Value of a subscriber: value of the service provider
Proprietary and Confidential1
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Fiber Components
Connectors, Couplers and Attenuators
Fiber Jumpers
OSP Components
Splitters
Cabinets
Splice Cambers
Tools
Cleaners
Splicers
Testers
Proprietary and Confidential
Connectors, Couplers and Attenuators
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2
34
1: LC
2: SC
3: SC/APC
4: SC/UPC
5: Attenuators
6: Couplers
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6
6
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1
Proprietary and Confidential1
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Fiber Connectors
APC
Back Reflection
<-65dB
Flat
Back Reflection
<-30dB
UPC
Back Reflection
<-55dB
PC
Back Reflection
<-35dB
Proprietary and Confidential
Fiber enclosures are used in buried, underwater and aerial applications
Typically enclosures with patch panels are used in aerial application for convenience
Where splicing is possible, enclosures can contain splice trays
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3
Splice Enclosures: Aerial, Terrestrial and Submarine
Proprietary and Confidential
Cabinets and Pedestals
There are a lot of different cabinets and pedestals options for PON architectures
Fibers can be managed in these devices to improve ease of use supporting rapid deployments and overall organization
All while securing the fibers and equipment in a secure and weather proof enclosure
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4
Proprietary and Confidential
Fiber Splitters
Splitters are a main component of GPON optical distribution networks
An optical splitter is a passive device
Two basic types
• Fused Biconical Taper (FBT)
• Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC)
Depending on the light direction, they either split incoming light or combine it
Common available split ratios:
• 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64
• 2:X are required for Type B protection
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5
Proprietary and Confidential
There are two basic types splicers
Mechanical .03 dB
Fusion .02dB
Fusion Splices
The most advanced fusion splices like the Fujikura 62S (shown) are not only fast but are extremely accurate
Splicers
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6
Proprietary and Confidential
Testers
Visual Fault Locator (VFL)
Used to trace and detect broken or cracked fiber
Optical Power OPM
Although a single port OPM can be used, you really need a pass thru tester for GPON
EXFO OPM pictured here is specifically designed for PON and can give accurate measurement of the upstream burst levels
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
Measures the attenuation and back reflection properties of the three wavelengths over a fiber for a PON architecture
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7
Proprietary and Confidential
Cleaners
Best Practices
Keep dust caps on all unplugged connectors
Never touch fiber ends with your fingers
Use correct cleaning tools
Invest in a cleaning kit
Fiber cleaner or cassettes
Wipes
Bulkhead and Connection cleaner
A fiber scope is also nice to have
Safety first - always ensure the power is off before using a fiber scope
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8
Proprietary and Confidential
Upstream (US) and downstream (DS)
OLTs have higher levels of output and sensitivity
Relates to economies of scale as well as environmental considerations
1490 nm DS 1550 nm DS 1310 nm US
OLT Transmitter launch
B+ 1.5 to 5 dBm
C+ 3.0 to 7 dBm
Receiver sensitivity
B+ -8 to -29 dBm
C+ -12 to -32.5 dBm
VOLT Transmitter 17~22 dBm
per channel
ONT Receiver sensitivity
-8 to -27 dBm
Receiver -6 ~ +2 dBm Transmitter launch
0.5 to 5.0 dBm
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Proprietary and Confidential2
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ONT Specifications
The Optical specification for each ONT model are in the data sheets
You can easily find them in the new Calix.com
Here is an example:• PON CHARACTERISTICS
• Max. split: 64 GPON
• Max. reach: 58 km (36 miles) with C+/FEC
• Maximum Optical Distribution Network
• (ODN) Attenuation: GPON
• Class B+, 28 dB
• GPON Class C+, 32 dB
• 1490 ± 10 nm optical receiver: –27.0 to –8.0 dBm
• 1310 ± 20 nm optical transmitter: 0.5 to 5.0 dBm
Proprietary and Confidential2
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Splitters
The biggest loss contributors in the ODN are the Splitters
This has a direct result on the design considerations and number of ONTs supported at varying distance
General rule of 3db for every 1 by 2 splitter although the actual loss will always be greater
Compounded when splices and associated connections are factored in
Coupling
Ratio
Typical Insertion
Loss (dB)
1x2 50% 3.6
1x4 25% 6.8
1x8 12.5% 10.0
1x16 6.25% 13
1x32 3.13% 16
1x64 1.56% 19.5
Proprietary and Confidential
Distance Attenuation – Signal Loss
Attenuation is loss of energy in a light signal as it travels through the fiber
Directly proportional to fiber length
There are two main causes of intrinsic attenuation
Absorption
Scattering
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2
Proprietary and Confidential
Attenuation – Bending
Extrinsic – external source
Macrobending: large-scale distortion due to bend or kink
Microbending: smaller-scale distortion due to things such as pressure on the fiber• Examples:
• Fiber frozen in ice • Caught in a door or cover lid
Both affect the angle of incidence in the fiber and result in signal attenuation
May not be readily apparent
Marco Bending
Micro Bending
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3
Proprietary and Confidential
Other Loss Contributors
Splices/Connectors - typical attenuations:• -0.1 dB per fiber fusion splice
• -0.5 dB per connector
Contamination
Damage to end face
Additional security range: • 3 dBm for further fiber aging
• To account for temperature extremes
• Additional splices
FEC can recover up to 3 dB to the loss budget
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Proprietary and Confidential2
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Confirming Optical Budget Plan Data - Example
26
Fiber Optic Feature Advantages
Drives up the quality of the services offered
Creates a barrier to entry
Higher quality services drives customer retention, which reduces customer turnover
Module 5: RF Video Services
28
RF Spectrum Utilization
Typical Analog Spectrum
50-550 Mhz
Typical Digital Tier
550-1 Ghz
Channel Carriers = 6 Mhz
552-54/6 = ~80 Carriers
1 Carrier per Analog Channel
Some channels set aside for
aviation frequencies
Carriers = 6 Mhz
867-555/6 = 52 Carriers
Multiple Channels Per Carrier
QAM 64 and QAM 256 Encoding
3-12 Channels Per Carrier
758-763 and 788-793 and 800
MHz used for wireless
L Band
900Mhz-
2.1 Ghz
Satellite
Video
Return
Path
5-42 Mhz
QAM 64 = 28 Mbps
QAM 256 = 40 Mbps
QPSK = 8 Mbps
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Optical Amplifiers
SA Prisma II Laser and EDFA platform
EDFA and laser shelf
Dual redundant power -48 VDC or 115VAC
Hardened for CO or remote applications
Up to 36 +20 dB outputs(1152 subscribers)
SNMP interface
Front (8 RU) or rear access (6RU)
SBS rated to +20 dB @ 50km
80 Chnl NTSC + 200Mhz digital
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RF Return Overview
Service providers desire two-way video capabilities
Enables introduction of interactive programming guides
Allows for IPPV, VOD and other interactive services
Increases ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) for video services
FSAN did not establish a RF Return specification for GPON
Presents a challenge for FTTH vendors and service providers
RFOG (RF over Glass) put together by the SCTE
Calix has a RFOG solution
There are three technical options for addressing RF Return
1) Sampling of the RF spectrum
2) Conversion of the QAM (or QPSK) to IP
3) Optical return path
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Calix RF Return Solution
Calix 725G/GX ONT
Supports all Calix GPON platforms
C7 Release 5.2
F5 Release 3.0.6
FD Release 9.0
SCTE-1, SCTE-2, and DOCSIS/DSG set tops
RF return using 1590/1610 nm wavelength integrated inside the ONT electronics
No additional powering or enclosures required at the customer premises
Service interfaces
2 voice ports-TDM or SIP based VOIP
Ethernet: 10/100 BaseT
RF Video overlay with RF return
Interoperable with standards based GPON OLTs
Customer is not locked in to a proprietary solution
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Internet
Access
Voice
Switch
4 λ CWDM
Satellite
Off-AIr
PEG- Local
Content
EDFA
Video Encoders
Forward Path Tx
Out-of-Band Control
Reverse
Path Rx
PON
Set-top Box
Interactive Services
Manager
725 ONT
1490 nm GPON
1310 nm GPON
1550 nm RF Video
1590 nm RF Return
Network Layout
C7 Network Layout
EDFA Output: 19 - 21.5 dBm
ONT RF Optical Receive : +2 to -5 dBm
ONT 1590/1610nm Output (at port): -1.5 dBm
Reverse Path Receive : -8 to -25 dBm
Max Transmission Distance is 17 km
4W CWDM with RF video overlay (2.4 dB loss)
Module 6: PON Types & Standards
Proprietary and Confidential
This module covers the following topics:
Understanding Different FTTx deployments
Comparing Effects of Splitter Placement
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4
Proprietary and Confidential
RF Considerations in the ODN
3
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Splitter Located within CO
Central Office NAP Enclosure
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
LCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point 64 Fibers
64 Fibers
3
6
Proprietary and Confidential
64 Fibers
Splitter Located within CO
1x64
Splitt
er
1x64
ONTs
Central Office
NAP Enclosure LCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point 64 Fibers
3
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Deployment Application
Home run deployment consolidates all splitting at the central office
Flexibly advantages provided by centralized splitting
Highest headend flexibility and bandwidth scalability
Maximum fiber usage
Application targets
Areas with high customer churn
Unsure of growth and take rates
Larger bandwidths expected – business growth areas
Small geographic area
When high degree of flexibility is required 3
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Splitter Located in LCP
Central Office NAP Enclosure
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
LCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point
2 Fibers 64 Fibers
3
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Splitter Located in LCP
2x64
Splitt
er
1x64
ONTs
Central Office
NAP Enclosure
LCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point Type B
PON
Protection 2 Fibers64 Fibers
4
0
Proprietary and Confidential
Deployment Application
LCP consolidates local subscribers to central splitter cabinet
Reduces number of feeder fibers
Good Candidate for type B protection
Same heavy fiber usage in distribution
Same trenching as in the Home Run model
Reduced flexibility and bandwidth scalability
Application targets
Small or concentrated areas
When PON protection is required
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1
Proprietary and Confidential
Splitter Located in LCP and NAPs
Central Office
NAP Enclosure
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT LCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point
NAP Enclosure
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
1 Fiber
4
2
Proprietary and Confidential
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
Splitter Located in LCP and NAPs
1x8
Splitt
er
Central OfficeLCP Cabinet
Local
Convergence
Point
Type B
PON
Protection
2x8
Splitt
er
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
1x8 ONTsNAP
1x8
Splitter
8
Feeder
Fibers
2 Fibers
Type B
4
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Deployment Application
Distributing the splitters can get you closer to the drops
Supports moving NAP closer to subscribers and reducing drop fiber lengths
Reduces number of distribution and feeder fibers
Reduced flexibility and bandwidth scalability
Application targets
Areas with better know characteristics
Can supported wider distribution areas depending on the NAP locations
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PON Classes
Class Min Optical Link Budget
Max Optical Link Budget
A 5 dB 20 dB
B
B+
10 dB
13 dB
25 dB
28 dB
C 15 dB 30 dB
Higher upper end limit indicates longer reach and/or higher split ratios
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Class B PON
Max link budget indicates longer range and or split ratio, supports commercial PON applications due to cost per sub financial balance with performance
OLT
32 ONTs
OLT
16 ONTs
Loss Budget: 10-25 dB
20 km10 km
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Class B+
B+ is relatively new and is intended to allow either a constant design to 32 way split over 20 km or 64 way split with distance variations
RF Video overlay will also impact loss budget
OLT
64 ONTs
OLT
32 ONTs
Loss Budget: 13-28 dB
20 km
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Overview – PON Mechanics
In this section…
Wave Division Multiplexing
PON Video Toplogies:
Integrated IPTV over FTTP
GPON RF CATV Overlay
GPON with RF Video & RF Return
GPON Hybrid Model
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Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)
WDM separates upstream and downstream traffic
1310 nm – Upstream Voice and Data
1490 nm – Downstream wavelength for Voice, IP Video, and Data
1550 nm – RF Video Overlay
1590/1610 nm – RF Return
1490 nm
1590/1610 nm
1310 nm
OLT
50
GPON RF CATV Overlay
CWDM Splitter
32 ONTs
1550nm
Transmitter:
Converts electric
signal to optical
signal
EDFA:
Amplifies signal
to required dB
level
Headend:
Traditional
Cable TV HE
The home experience is the same as cable TV today
The 1550nm wavelength does not traverse the OLT backplane
1550 nm: Overlay video (42MHz – 860MHz)
1310 nm : Upstream data, POTS
1490 nm: Downstream data, POTS
OLT
51
GPON with RF Video & RF Return
Leveraging the strengths of PON and RF to deliver interactive RF video services
CO or RT
CWDM Splitter
Analog Broadcast
Video
EDFA
Amplifies signal to
required dB level
Headend
Analog Cable
Encoders
QAM Modulator
Optical Receiver:
Converts optical signal to
electrical signal
1550 nm: Overlay video (42MHz – 860MHz)
1310 nm : Upstream data, POTS
1490 nm: Downstream data, POTS
1590/1610 nm Overlay
OLT
52
GPON Hybrid Model
CO or RT
Delivering basic analog services via RF and enhanced via IPTV
Basic analog only subscribers served via RF
Subscribers wanting enhanced services served via IPTV with STB
Option to operate both IPTV and RF within a premises concurrently
CWDM Splitter
Analog
Broadcast Video
EDFA:
Amplifies signal to
required dB level
Headend:
Analog cable
and IPTV
encoders
100%
Digital
IPTV
QAM
Modulator
1550 nm: Overlay video (42MHz – 860MHz)
1310 nm : Upstream data, POTS, STB commands
1490 nm: Downstream data, POTS
OLT
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Line Termination in GPON
Head end of the ODN
Provides the Ethernet to PON interface
5
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Terminates PON at downstream end
Provides end-user service interfaces• Ethernet
• IPTV
• POTS
• RF video
• PWE3
• XDSL
5
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Proprietary and Confidential
Class A Class B Class B + Class C Class C +
Minimum Loss 5dB 10dB 13dB 15dB 17dB
Maximum Loss 20dB 25dB 28dB 30dB 32db
5
5
Proprietary and Confidential
64-way split 32-way split 16-way split 8-way split 4-way split
20 km
Standard
B+ 20 km16 km
30 km 40 km
Reach
Extended
B+
20 km16 km
33 km 43 km
C+ without
FEC 28 km19 km
40 km 50 km
C+ with
FEC 58 km35 km20 km
5
6
Proprietary and Confidential
GPON-OIM, 2.4/1.2G, class B+ (20Km)
Wavelength (nm): 1490
Range: 20Km
Min Tx Power: 1.5 dBm
Max Tx Power: 5 dBm
Rx Sensitivity: -28 dBm
RX Overload: -8 dBm
Optical Power Budget: 28 dBm
SC /UPC
5
7
Proprietary and Confidential
PON CHARACTERISTICS
Max. split: 64 GPON
Max. reach: 58 km (36 miles) with
C+/FEC
Maximum Optical Distribution Network
• GPON Class B+, 28 dB
• GPON Class C+, 32 dB
1490 ± 10 nm optical receiver: –27.0 to
–8.0 dBm
1310 ± 20 nm optical transmitter: 0.5 to
5.0 dBm
1550 ± 5 nm : –4.5 to 2.5 dBm
Triplexer - Detectors and Laser
Fiber
1550 nm Downstream Video ---->
<--- 1310 nm Upstream
1490 nm Downstream ---->
Analog Detector
Digital Detector
Glass
Lens
Las
er
5
8
59
Ranging
Splitter
A
C
ONT
ONT
ONT
B
Distance = Speed x Time F
ONT
E
ONTG
ONT
D
ONT
Ranging: Calculating the physical distance to each ONT
Distance: 10 miles
OLT
60
GPON Background
Ranging
What is Ranging
Process for computing the logical distance between the OLT and ONT and then compensating for that distance to allow multiple ONU transmissions without collisions
GPON must compensate for varying distance from 0~20 km
All ranging is initiated by the OLT
OLT computes the round trip delay
This delay information is used to create the “equalization delay”
ONT incorporates this delay into the time between the grant and actual transmission
All ONTs appear equidistant as if they were 20 km from the OLT
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Line Termination in GPON
Head end of the ODN
Provides the Ethernet to PON interface
6
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Terminates PON at downstream end
Provides end-user service interfaces• Ethernet
• IPTV
• POTS
• RF video
• PWE3
• XDSL
6
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Class A Class B Class B + Class C Class C +
Minimum Loss 5dB 10dB 13dB 15dB 17dB
Maximum Loss 20dB 25dB 28dB 30dB 32db
6
3
Proprietary and Confidential
64-way split 32-way split 16-way split 8-way split 4-way split
20 km
Standard
B+ 20 km16 km
30 km 40 km
Reach
Extended
B+
20 km16 km
33 km 43 km
C+ without
FEC 28 km19 km
40 km 50 km
C+ with
FEC 58 km35 km20 km
6
4
Proprietary and Confidential
GPON-OIM, 2.4/1.2G, class B+ (20Km)
Wavelength (nm): 1490
Range: 20Km
Min Tx Power: 1.5 dBm
Max Tx Power: 5 dBm
Rx Sensitivity: -28 dBm
RX Overload: -8 dBm
Optical Power Budget: 28 dBm
SC /UPC
6
5
Proprietary and Confidential
PON CHARACTERISTICS
Max. split: 64 GPON
Max. reach: 58 km (36 miles) with
C+/FEC
Maximum Optical Distribution Network
• GPON Class B+, 28 dB
• GPON Class C+, 32 dB
1490 ± 10 nm optical receiver: –27.0 to
–8.0 dBm
1310 ± 20 nm optical transmitter: 0.5 to
5.0 dBm
1550 ± 5 nm : –4.5 to 2.5 dBm
Triplexer - Detectors and Laser
Fiber
1550 nm Downstream Video ---->
<--- 1310 nm Upstream
1490 nm Downstream ---->
Analog Detector
Digital Detector
Glass
Lens
Las
er
6
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Line Termination in GPON
Head end of the ODN
Provides the Ethernet to PON interface
6
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Terminates PON at downstream end
Provides end-user service interfaces• Ethernet
• IPTV
• POTS
• RF video
• PWE3
• XDSL
6
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Class A Class B Class B + Class C Class C +
Minimum Loss 5dB 10dB 13dB 15dB 17dB
Maximum Loss 20dB 25dB 28dB 30dB 32db
6
9
Proprietary and Confidential
64-way split 32-way split 16-way split 8-way split 4-way split
20 km
Standard
B+ 20 km16 km
30 km 40 km
Reach
Extended
B+
20 km16 km
33 km 43 km
C+ without
FEC 28 km19 km
40 km 50 km
C+ with
FEC 58 km35 km20 km
7
0
Proprietary and Confidential
GPON-OIM, 2.4/1.2G, class B+ (20Km)
Wavelength (nm): 1490
Range: 20Km
Min Tx Power: 1.5 dBm
Max Tx Power: 5 dBm
Rx Sensitivity: -28 dBm
RX Overload: -8 dBm
Optical Power Budget: 28 dBm
SC /UPC
7
1
Proprietary and Confidential
PON CHARACTERISTICS
Max. split: 64 GPON
Max. reach: 58 km (36 miles) with
C+/FEC
Maximum Optical Distribution Network
• GPON Class B+, 28 dB
• GPON Class C+, 32 dB
1490 ± 10 nm optical receiver: –27.0 to
–8.0 dBm
1310 ± 20 nm optical transmitter: 0.5 to
5.0 dBm
1550 ± 5 nm : –4.5 to 2.5 dBm
Triplexer - Detectors and Laser
Fiber
1550 nm Downstream Video ---->
<--- 1310 nm Upstream
1490 nm Downstream ---->
Analog Detector
Digital Detector
Glass
Lens
Las
er
7
2
Module 7: FTTP Electronics
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Line Termination in GPON
Head end of the ODN
Provides the Ethernet to PON interface
7
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Also known as Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Terminates PON at downstream end
Provides end-user service interfaces• Ethernet
• IPTV
• POTS
• RF video
• PWE3
• XDSL
7
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Class A Class B Class B + Class C Class C +
Minimum Loss 5dB 10dB 13dB 15dB 17dB
Maximum Loss 20dB 25dB 28dB 30dB 32db
7
6
Proprietary and Confidential
64-way split 32-way split 16-way split 8-way split 4-way split
20 km
Standard
B+ 20 km16 km
30 km 40 km
Reach
Extended
B+
20 km16 km
33 km 43 km
C+ without
FEC 28 km19 km
40 km 50 km
C+ with
FEC 58 km35 km20 km
7
7
Proprietary and Confidential
GPON-OIM, 2.4/1.2G, class B+ (20Km)
Wavelength (nm): 1490
Range: 20Km
Min Tx Power: 1.5 dBm
Max Tx Power: 5 dBm
Rx Sensitivity: -28 dBm
RX Overload: -8 dBm
Optical Power Budget: 28 dBm
SC /UPC
7
8
Proprietary and Confidential
PON CHARACTERISTICS
Max. split: 64 GPON
Max. reach: 58 km (36 miles) with
C+/FEC
Maximum Optical Distribution Network
• GPON Class B+, 28 dB
• GPON Class C+, 32 dB
1490 ± 10 nm optical receiver: –27.0 to
–8.0 dBm
1310 ± 20 nm optical transmitter: 0.5 to
5.0 dBm
1550 ± 5 nm : –4.5 to 2.5 dBm
Triplexer - Detectors and Laser
Fiber
1550 nm Downstream Video ---->
<--- 1310 nm Upstream
1490 nm Downstream ---->
Analog Detector
Digital Detector
Glass
Lens
Las
er
7
9
Calix Active Ethernet Solutions
81
Calix Active Ethernet Solutions
Calix Active Ethernet enables CSA flexibility, dedicated bandwidth
Complementary Active Ethernet solution set allows service providers to round-out fiber deployments, strategically target high bandwidth opportunities
700GE ONTs enable GPON and AE auto-detection, flexible service delivery
Leverage industry momentum today, migrate to dedicated bandwidth over time (capital savings)
AE migration simplicity – move a fiber jumper vs. a truck roll (operational savings)
AE Business – carrier grade, MEF certified (9 / 14)
Designed to meet standards based, carrier grade network requirements
Network protection: enhanced EAPS (performance) and RSTP (interoperability)
Capacity expansion: 10GE and NxGE link aggregation (uplink / downlink)
Optimized for high bandwidth MEF / TLS services - flexibility / performance
Standards based Ethernet architecture, scalable to 32k MAC addresses
AE Residential – extend FTTP CSA, layer 2 simplicity
Extend GPON CSA with complementary AE solution set (up to 60km)
Deliver full range of voice, video, and data services with layer 2 simplicity
Standards based Ethernet architecture, scalable to 8k MAC addresses
82
Active Ethernet Design budgets
Small form factor 10GE transport, GPON / Active Ethernet
When 700GX ONTs are operating in Active Ethernet mode, the system's optical transmitters may require attenuation to avoid over-saturating the optical receivers. The following chart details the relationship between distance (from the SFP to the ONT) and the appropriate E-Series SFP module to use.
For example, an optical link that is up to 20 km long can use a 40 km rated SFP as long as a 10 dB attenuator is inserted in the link.
** Calix recommends using the 60 km rated SFP only for links longer than 20 km. This eliminates the need for a 15 dB attenuator and simplifies attenuator inventory
Active Ethernet Link Attenuation
Calix E-Series SFPs Optical Fiber Link Length (km)
Attenuation Value to Prevent SFP Saturation
Remaining Splice and/or Coupler
Loss BudgetSFP Rated Reach SFP Part Number
20 km 100-001669* 0 to 20 km 10 dB < 2.6 dB
40 km 100-001671* 0 to 20 km 10 dB < 3.5 dB
20 to 30 km 5 dB < 4.5 dB
30 to 40 km 0 dB < 6.5 dB
60 km 100-001673* 0 to 20 km** 15 dB < 2.0 dB
20 to 30 km 10 dB < 3.5 dB
30 to 40 km 5 dB < 4.5 dB
40 to 50 km 3 dB < 2.5 dB
50 to 60 km 0 dB < 2.5 dB
Optimizing Active Ethernet Deployments
84
FTTP ENHANCEMENTS
Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)
The “price” of new technology
Subscriber electronics account for up to 65% of FTTH electronics costs
Changing out ONTs, which requires an equipment upgrade and a truck roll, destroys FTTH business cases
Technology optimized solution
700GE ONTs enable Calix customers to seamlessly move between technologies by using the same ONT
Dramatic CAPEX improvement for the long-term FTTP business case
GPON / AE Upgrade Costs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Calix 700GX auto-detect ONTs
allow OLT only upgrade, CAPEX
savings
When Calix 700GX ONTs and
E5-440 are paired, the cost of
tech. migration is effectively zero
OLT only
OLT & ONT
85
710GX ONT
711GX ONT
712GX ONT
714GX ONT
POTS GE/FE Specials
2 1/0
2 1/1
2 1/0
4 1/1
HPNA v3.1
700GE ONTs – PON / Active Ethernet
Expanding ONT functionality
700GE ONTs auto-detects FTTP technology to support GPON and Active Ethernet
Extending FTTP serving areas
GPON: up to 40km
Active Ethernet: up to 60km
Allows common inventory of ONTs to be used for all types of customers and applications
Enables targeted Active Ethernet deployment (business customers)
No truck rolls or upgrade required at customer premises when moving between supported FTTP technologies (GPON / AE)
Proprietary and Confidential8
6
Introducing the 844GE GigaCenter
GPON/Active Ethernet auto-detect
2 POTS ports, 4 GE LAN ports
Carrier Class 11n and 11ac Wi-Fi
Compass management
Layer 3 services
UPS alarm telemetry
844GE
STB
GPON or AE
AE only
Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and
controlled by Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written
authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
8
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Why next gen PON?
Applications for next gen PON
What is next gen PON?
Calix next gen PON solutions
Calix plans for next gen PON
Next gen PON migration
Deployment guidelines for next gen PON
8
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Business and mobile services
Symmetrical services; often more than 1 Gbps
Common infrastructure
Different service types on each wavelength
Dedicated wavelength (pt-to-pt) to larger enterprises (included in NG-PON2 standard)
G.Fast MDU solutions
Requires greater backhaul speeds
Support for gigabit and multi-gigabit services
SFU residential
Increasing bandwidth demand greater than 2.5 GPON by 2020
Greater acceptance of Open Access networks is drives support for multiple service providers on a common infrastructure
8
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Standard Bandwidth Options Wavelengths Primary Focus
10G EPON
(IEEE 802.3av)
10G Down
10G or 1G Up
1577 nm Down
1270nm Up10/10 MDU and Business
XG-PON1
(ITU G.987)
10G Down
2.5G Up
1577nm Down
1270nm UpResidential GPON
NG-PON2
(ITU G.989)
4 to 8 X 10G TDM Down
4 to 8 X 2.5G or 10G TDM Up
8 P2P Up and Down @100GHz
1596-1603nm
1532-1539nm
1610-1625nm
Residential/Business/MDU
XGS-PON
(ITU G.9807.1)
10G Down
10G Up
1577nm Down
1270nm UpBusiness/MDU GPONFeb
2016
June2015
9
0
Proprietary and Confidential
The destination network-G.989 standard
First multi-wavelength access standard
Supports both TWDM and point-to-point wavelengths
Time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM) technology
Four to eight wavelengths of 10G TWDM PON
Tunable lasers and receivers in the ONU
Supports wavelength mobility, enabling ODN split repartitioning and OLT port protection
Coexists with GPON, XG-PON, XGS-PON and 10G EPON
29 dB optical budget recommended for best practices
Up to 128-way split is likely commercial implementation
9
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Co-located with OLT
Wavelength Multiplexer
10G
10G
10G
10G
Wave
len
gt
h M
ux
(WM
) Wavelength multiplexer
(WM) combines the multiple wavelengths of NG-PON2
9
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Co-located with OLT
Coexistence element (CE) is a CWDM that combines 2.5 GPON with Next Gen PON standards
10G
10G
10G
10G
Wave
len
gt
h M
ux
(WM
)
2.5G Coe
xis
ten
ce
Ele
me
nt
(CE
)
Coexistence Element
9
3
Proprietary and Confidential
NG-PON2 coexists with all previous standards
Multi-wavelength technology with narrow window tunable optics
Vendors still working on affordable tunable optics
Coexistence with all enables smooth transition over time
GPON/10-1 EPON
1260 1280 1290 1330 1480 1500
1532 1539 1575-1581 1596 1603 1610 1625 1650
GPON/EPON XG-PON1/10-10 EPON
Tunable NG-PON2 XG-PON1/10GEPON Tunable NG-PON2 Tunable P2P OTDR
9
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Great 10G transition technology until NG-PON2 is ready
Fixed wavelengths in 1577nm and 1270nm windows
10G/10G with optional 10G/2.5G using dual-rate burst mode receiver
29dB optical budget
Coexists with RF video
GPON/10-1 EPON
1260 1280 1290 1330 1480 1500
1532 1539 1575-1581 1596 1603 1610 1625 1650
GPON/EPON XG-PON1/10-10 EPON
Tunable NG-PON2 XG-PON1/10GEPON Tunable NG-PON2 Tunable P2P OTDR
1555
RF
9
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Legacy RF video supported through coexistence element
All RF video must be QAM
Next Gen ONUs will not have RF triplexers
Raman impacts on RF video must be addressed in NG-PON2
10G
10G
10G
10G
Wave
len
gt
h M
ux
(WM
)
2.5G Coe
xis
ten
ce
Ele
me
nt
(CE
)
9
6
RF Video
Proprietary and Confidential
The two standards are converging, but key differences remain
10G EPON does not offer 2.5 Gbps in the upstream
10G EPON offers 1.25 or 10 Gbps in the upstream. 1.25 is too low for a next generation standard, offering no improvement over current EPON standard
10G on the upstream is aimed at businesses or large fiber-to-the-basement MDUs – not cost effective for single family residences or small MDUs
10G EPON with 1.25G upstream cannot be on the same optical distribution network as 2.5 GPON (both utilize 1310 nm wavelength)
Both versions of 10G GPON (2.5G and 10G upstream both use 1270 nm) can be used on a 2.5 GPON ODN
GPON supports a higher number of splits than EPON• GPON can split as high as 128; EPON is limited to 32-way splits
Calix next gen PON solutions
9
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Calix made over 30 contributions to the next gen standards
Helped bring down cost and technical complexity
Focused on optical requirements, such as simplified upstream wavelength plan
Worked to achieve commercial viability of tunable lasers
Authored test plan to verify the impact of upstream channel interference
ONU tuning timing definition and power leveling
Helped drive coexistence (G.984.5 Amendment 2)
Ensures NG-PON2 can be deployed with 2.5 GPON
Co-authored the XGS-PON specification
9
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Next gen technology in different form factors
Next gen technology across multiple platforms
Calix developed MAC supports both fixed and tunable wavelengths
Dual burst mode for support of upstream 10G and 2.5G
Ready for NG-PON2 wavelengths
E7-2 Small Form
Factor
E3 SealedE7-20 High
Density
1
0
0
Proprietary and Confidential
First next gen premises product
1GE or 10GE services
WAN interface: • XGS SFP+ pluggable
• NG-PON2 XFP pluggable
LAN interfaces:• 10/100/1000 RJ45 GE port
• 10GE SFP+ (1GE or 10GE SFP)
STB
Data DVR
10G 1G-10G STB
1
0
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Co
exis
ten
ce
Ele
me
nt
(CE
)
XGS-PON (NG-PON2 future)
GPON
GPON
XGS-PON or
NGPON2
1
0
2
Proprietary and Confidential
844NG GigaCenter supporting next gen PON
WAN interface
• XGS SFP+ pluggable
• NG-PON2 XFP pluggable
Features
• 2 POTS ports
• 4 GE LAN ports
• 4X4 Carrier Class Wi-Fi
• Compass managed
• UPS alarm telemetry
Device Mgt.
XGS or NG-PON2
844N
G
Dat
a
ST
B
Dat
a
STB
1
0
3
Next gen PON deployment guidelines
1
0
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Optical link budgets
29 dB is the primary budget for both XGS-PON and NG-PON2
Existing outside plant GPON splitters
Need wide operating splitters (U Grade) supporting 1260nm through 1650nm
Optical budgets synched between GPON and next gen
Add loss from coexistence elements and higher attenuation at 1270 nm (for XGS-PON)• CEx loss of 0.8 dB for 2.5 GPON path,
1-1.5 dB for Next Gen wavelengths
28 dB 2.5 PON ODN can be overlaid by a 29 dB XGS-PON
Wavelength multiplexer loss already included in NG-PON2 budget
Optical budget design guidelines
1
0
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Next gen PON deployment guidelines
Any GigaFamily product can coexist with any 10G ITU standard
700GE and 836GE ONTs can coexist with any 10G ITU standard
700GX and 760GX ONTs coexist with units that started shipping in 2012
Determining whether a Calix 700GX ONT supports 10G overlay
Calix will provide a compatibility list based on CLEI codes
CLEI codes are observable in CMS
Calix customers’ existing networks are ready for NG-PON2
overlay with ONTs deployed beginning in 2012
1
0
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Applications
Next gen PON will be used first for serving businesses and MDUs, SFUs to follow
NG-PON2 is the destination network
Tunable ONU optics costs will delay commercial availability of NG-PON2
XGS-PON’s fixed wavelength solution is a great transition technology
RF video customers can use XGS-PON; NG-PON2 requires some work arounds
Calix is rolling out next gen PON starting in NOW!
E7-2 E7-20 E3 sealed form factor (ROLT)
Premises devices will support next gen PON for all applications
1
0
7
Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and
controlled by Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written
authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
1
0
8
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