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PC Maintenance: Preparing for A+ Certification. Chapter 26: Selecting and Installing an Operating System. Chapter 26 Objectives. Define functions of an OS Identify major system files and features of DOS, Windows 3.1, 9x, NT, 2000, XP Install the above operating systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PC Maintenance: PC Maintenance: Preparing for A+ Preparing for A+
CertificationCertificationChapter 26: Selecting and Chapter 26: Selecting and
Installing an Operating SystemInstalling an Operating System
Chapter 26 ObjectivesChapter 26 Objectives
Define functions of an OSDefine functions of an OS Identify major system files and features of Identify major system files and features of
DOS, Windows 3.1, 9x, NT, 2000, XPDOS, Windows 3.1, 9x, NT, 2000, XP Install the above operating systemsInstall the above operating systems Troubleshoot installation problemsTroubleshoot installation problems
Functions of an OSFunctions of an OS
Communicates Communicates between between applications and applications and BIOS/hardwareBIOS/hardware
Provides a user Provides a user interface to the interface to the useruser
Enables user Enables user interface and interface and applications to applications to interactinteract
Checking the Current OS VersionChecking the Current OS Version
Command prompt: VER commandCommand prompt: VER command In Windows: Choose Help > About In Windows: Choose Help > About
Windows from any file management Windows from any file management windowwindow
MS-DOSMS-DOS
Command Command prompt prompt interfaceinterface
No GUINo GUI Single-Single-
user, user, single-single-taskingtasking
MS-DOS CommandsMS-DOS Commands
Internal commandsInternal commands Built into COMMAND.COM, the command Built into COMMAND.COM, the command
interpreter applicationinterpreter application External commandsExternal commands
Exist as separate applications in the C:\DOS Exist as separate applications in the C:\DOS folderfolder
MS-DOS Major System FilesMS-DOS Major System Files
COMMAND.COMCOMMAND.COM Command interpreterCommand interpreter Present in top-level folder of boot drivePresent in top-level folder of boot drive
MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYSMSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS Hidden, system files in top level folder of boot Hidden, system files in top level folder of boot
drivedrive AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYSAUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS
Optional configuration filesOptional configuration files Store settings that load at bootStore settings that load at boot
MS-DOS Major System FilesMS-DOS Major System Files
HIMEM.SYSHIMEM.SYS Extended memory manager, to access Extended memory manager, to access
memory above 1MBmemory above 1MB EMM386.EXEEMM386.EXE
Expanded memory managerExpanded memory manager SMARTDRVSMARTDRV
Disk caching utility, for better performanceDisk caching utility, for better performance
Windows 3.xWindows 3.x
First commercially successful version of First commercially successful version of WindowsWindows
3.x refers to Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, 3.x refers to Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, and Windows 3.11 for Workgroupsand Windows 3.11 for Workgroups
16-bit application16-bit application Runs on top of MS-DOS (DOS is required)Runs on top of MS-DOS (DOS is required)
Windows 3.1Windows 3.1
Windows 3.1 Major System FilesWindows 3.1 Major System Files
Basic set from MS-DOSBasic set from MS-DOS IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, COMMAND.COM, IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, COMMAND.COM,
HIMEM.SYSHIMEM.SYS WIN.COMWIN.COM
Executable file that starts WindowsExecutable file that starts Windows Windows System filesWindows System files
GDI.EXE: Graphical interfaceGDI.EXE: Graphical interface KRNL386.EXE: Memory managementKRNL386.EXE: Memory management USER.EXE: User input and outputUSER.EXE: User input and output
Introducing DLLsIntroducing DLLs
DLL: Dynamic Link LibraryDLL: Dynamic Link Library Libraries of programming routines that Libraries of programming routines that
applications can call uponapplications can call upon Execute standard functionsExecute standard functions Some come with WindowsSome come with Windows Others come with specific applicationsOthers come with specific applications Still the cornerstone of Windows Still the cornerstone of Windows
applications todayapplications today
Windows 3.1 ConfigurationWindows 3.1 Configuration
Precursor to the Precursor to the Windows Windows RegistryRegistry
SYSTEM.INI for SYSTEM.INI for system settingssystem settings
WIN.INI for WIN.INI for application application settingssettings
Introducing INI FilesIntroducing INI Files
Initialization filesInitialization files Run when the Run when the
corresponding corresponding application is startedapplication is started
Contain startup Contain startup settings for that settings for that applicationapplication
Better to have a Better to have a separate file than to try separate file than to try to store setting for all to store setting for all installed applications in installed applications in WIN.INIWIN.INI
Features of Windows 3.xFeatures of Windows 3.x
Memory allocationMemory allocation Protected-mode applicationProtected-mode application Able to access extended memory and make it Able to access extended memory and make it
available to the applicationsavailable to the applications Common device driversCommon device drivers
One driver for each piece of hardware, One driver for each piece of hardware, regardless of the applications that use itregardless of the applications that use it
Features of Windows 3.xFeatures of Windows 3.x
TrueType fonts (3.1)TrueType fonts (3.1) Scaleable outline fonts that work with any Scaleable outline fonts that work with any
printerprinter Virtual memoryVirtual memory
Extra RAM can be simulated by using part of Extra RAM can be simulated by using part of hard diskhard disk
Virtual machinesVirtual machines More than one program can run at once in its More than one program can run at once in its
own address spaceown address space
Features of Windows 3.xFeatures of Windows 3.x
Data sharing:Data sharing: Windows clipboardWindows clipboard Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), precursor to Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), precursor to
the more modern OLE we use todaythe more modern OLE we use today Cooperative multitaskingCooperative multitasking
Applications share CPU timeApplications share CPU time Each application voluntarily pauses to allow Each application voluntarily pauses to allow
others to runothers to run
Windows 95, 98, and MeWindows 95, 98, and Me
Collectively referred to as Windows 9xCollectively referred to as Windows 9x Includes:Includes:
Windows 95 (several service pack versions)Windows 95 (several service pack versions) Windows 98Windows 98 Windows 98 Second EditionWindows 98 Second Edition Windows Millennium Edition (Me)Windows Millennium Edition (Me)
Windows 95, 98, and MeWindows 95, 98, and Me
A real operating systemA real operating system Does not rely on MS-DOS (well, not much)Does not rely on MS-DOS (well, not much) Still uses some DOS underpinnings, but Still uses some DOS underpinnings, but
they are transparent to most usersthey are transparent to most users
Windows 9x User InterfaceWindows 9x User Interface
Windows 9x Major System FilesWindows 9x Major System Files
IO.SYS: The main startup fileIO.SYS: The main startup file MSDOS.SYS: Now just a configuration fileMSDOS.SYS: Now just a configuration file COMMAND.COM: Required for command COMMAND.COM: Required for command
line interfaceline interface HIMEM.SYS: Extended memory managerHIMEM.SYS: Extended memory manager
Windows 9x Major System FilesWindows 9x Major System Files
Carryovers from Windows 3.1 (not Carryovers from Windows 3.1 (not required, but used if they are present)required, but used if they are present) AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYSAUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INIWIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI
16-bit system files (for backward 16-bit system files (for backward compatibilitycompatibility GDI.EXE: Graphical interfaceGDI.EXE: Graphical interface KRNL386.EXE: Memory managementKRNL386.EXE: Memory management USER.EXE: User input and outputUSER.EXE: User input and output
Windows 9x Major System FilesWindows 9x Major System Files
WIN.COMWIN.COM The main Windows programThe main Windows program
32-bit program files:32-bit program files: KERNEL32.DLL: Memory managerKERNEL32.DLL: Memory manager USER32.DLL: User input and outputUSER32.DLL: User input and output GDI32.DLL: Graphical interfaceGDI32.DLL: Graphical interface
VMM386.VXDVMM386.VXD Loads the 32-bit device driversLoads the 32-bit device drivers
Windows 9x FeaturesWindows 9x Features
Application compatibilityApplication compatibility Can run both 16-bit (Windows 3.x) and 32-bit Can run both 16-bit (Windows 3.x) and 32-bit
applicationsapplications Plug and Play hardware detectionPlug and Play hardware detection Preemptive multitaskingPreemptive multitasking
Uses time slices to prevent rogue programs Uses time slices to prevent rogue programs from locking up the systemfrom locking up the system
Windows 9x RegistryWindows 9x Registry
System settings for startupSystem settings for startup SYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT filesSYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT files From the Registry Editor, they appear to From the Registry Editor, they appear to
be a single databasebe a single database
Windows 9x FeaturesWindows 9x Features
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Data transfer between applicationsData transfer between applications Superior to the earlier DDESuperior to the earlier DDE
Safe ModeSafe Mode Allows startup when PC cannot start Windows Allows startup when PC cannot start Windows
normallynormally Long file namesLong file names
Up to 255 characters, including spacesUp to 255 characters, including spaces
Windows 9x VersionsWindows 9x VersionsVersionVersion NumberNumber DistributionDistribution FeaturesFeatures
Windows 95Windows 95 4.00.9504.00.950 Retail, OEMRetail, OEM
Windows 95 SP1Windows 95 SP1 4.00.950A4.00.950A Retail, OEM, PatchRetail, OEM, Patch Bug fixBug fix
Windows 95 SR2Windows 95 SR2 4.00.11114.00.1111 OEM onlyOEM only FAT32, IE, NetMeeting, FAT32, IE, NetMeeting, DirectXDirectX
Windows 95 SR2.1Windows 95 SR2.1 4.03.1212.12144.03.1212.1214 OEM onlyOEM only USBUSB
Windows 95 SR2.5Windows 95 SR2.5 4.03.12144.03.1214 OEM onlyOEM only OE, Internet Connection OE, Internet Connection WizardWizard
Windows 98Windows 98 4.10.19984.10.1998 Retail, OEMRetail, OEM Disk Cleanup, System Disk Cleanup, System Information, Drive Information, Drive Converter, Maintenance Converter, Maintenance WizardWizard
Windows 98 Second Windows 98 Second EditionEdition
4.10.2222A4.10.2222A Retail, OEMRetail, OEM Internet Connection Internet Connection SharingSharing
Windows MeWindows Me 4.90.30004.90.3000 Retail, OEMRetail, OEM System Restore, Home System Restore, Home Networking Wizard, Networking Wizard, Windows Movie MakerWindows Movie Maker
Windows NT, 2000, and XPWindows NT, 2000, and XP
““The NT Platform”The NT Platform” For business useFor business use 32-bit OS32-bit OS GUI and OS built together, no DOS GUI and OS built together, no DOS
underpinningsunderpinnings Cannot boot OS to a command prompt Cannot boot OS to a command prompt
from a floppy (as with Win9x)from a floppy (as with Win9x)
Windows NT 4.0 User InterfaceWindows NT 4.0 User Interface
Windows 2000 User InterfaceWindows 2000 User Interface
Windows XP User InterfaceWindows XP User Interface
NT Platform Major System FilesNT Platform Major System Files
NTLDR (NT Loader)NTLDR (NT Loader) Equivalent to IO.SYS in Win9xEquivalent to IO.SYS in Win9x Loads the operating systemLoads the operating system
NTDETECTNTDETECT Checks the hardwareChecks the hardware
BOOT.INIBOOT.INI Initialization file similar to MSDOS.SYSInitialization file similar to MSDOS.SYS
NT Platform Major System FilesNT Platform Major System Files
WINNT32.EXEWINNT32.EXE Main program file for WindowsMain program file for Windows
NTOSKRNL.EXE (NT OS Kernel)NTOSKRNL.EXE (NT OS Kernel) The equivalent of Krnl386.exe in earlier The equivalent of Krnl386.exe in earlier
versionsversions HAL.DLL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)HAL.DLL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)
A dynamic link library that helps communicate A dynamic link library that helps communicate between the hardware and the OSbetween the hardware and the OS
NT Platform Major System FilesNT Platform Major System Files
NTUSER.DATNTUSER.DAT User information for each user (separate)User information for each user (separate) Windows NT/2000: Stored in \Winnt\Profiles\Windows NT/2000: Stored in \Winnt\Profiles\
usernameusername Windows XP: Stored in \Windows\Profiles\Windows XP: Stored in \Windows\Profiles\
usernameusername
NT Platform RegistryNT Platform Registry
Windows NT/2000:Windows NT/2000: Stored in \Winnt\System32\ConfigStored in \Winnt\System32\Config
Windows XP:Windows XP: Stored in \Windows\System32\ConfigStored in \Windows\System32\Config
NT Platform RegistryNT Platform Registry
Registry HivesRegistry Hives SamSam SecuritySecurity SystemSystem SoftwareSoftware DefaultDefault
Log files (*.log) for eachLog files (*.log) for each Backup files (*.sav) for eachBackup files (*.sav) for each
Windows NT 4 FeaturesWindows NT 4 Features
NTFS file system (NTFS 4)NTFS file system (NTFS 4) Improved networkingImproved networking Better securityBetter security Server versionServer version Multiple CPU supportMultiple CPU support Support for non-PC hardware (ex. DEC Support for non-PC hardware (ex. DEC
Alpha workstation)Alpha workstation)
Windows 2000 FeaturesWindows 2000 Features
Plug and PlayPlug and Play NTFS 5 and support for FAT32NTFS 5 and support for FAT32 Dynamic disksDynamic disks Active DirectoryActive Directory Internet Printing protocolInternet Printing protocol Microsoft Management ConsoleMicrosoft Management Console Administrative toolsAdministrative tools
Windows XP FeaturesWindows XP Features
Utilities from Windows MeUtilities from Windows Me Windows Media PlayerWindows Media Player Windows Movie MakerWindows Movie Maker System RestoreSystem Restore Scanner and Camera WizardScanner and Camera Wizard
Friendlier logon (Welcome screen)Friendlier logon (Welcome screen) Fast User SwitchingFast User Switching Driver signing and roll-backDriver signing and roll-back
Windows XP FeaturesWindows XP Features
Internet Connection FirewallInternet Connection Firewall Wireless networkingWireless networking Remote desktopRemote desktop
Window XP Home vs. Window XP Home vs. ProfessionalProfessional
Multiple CPU supportMultiple CPU support 64-bit CPU support64-bit CPU support Advanced security featuresAdvanced security features File encryption (EFS)File encryption (EFS) Personal Web serverPersonal Web server Remote desktop connectionRemote desktop connection Membership in a domainMembership in a domain Dynamic disksDynamic disks Microsoft Backup and ASRMicrosoft Backup and ASR
Preparing to Install an OSPreparing to Install an OS
Check system requirementsCheck system requirements Plan how you will start the Setup programPlan how you will start the Setup program Decide whether you will upgrade or do a Decide whether you will upgrade or do a
clean installclean install Plan for multi-bootingPlan for multi-booting
OS System RequirementsOS System Requirements
Starting the Setup ProgramStarting the Setup Program
Start from a startup floppyStart from a startup floppy Possible only if existing OS is MS-DOS or Possible only if existing OS is MS-DOS or
Windows 9xWindows 9x Desirable only if installing Windows 9x/MeDesirable only if installing Windows 9x/Me
Boot from the Windows CDBoot from the Windows CD Possible on all existing OS systemsPossible on all existing OS systems Possible only if installing Windows Possible only if installing Windows
NT/2000/XPNT/2000/XP
Starting the Setup ProgramStarting the Setup Program
Copy Setup files to hard disk and install Copy Setup files to hard disk and install from therefrom there Keeps OS files handy so CD will not be Keeps OS files handy so CD will not be
needed in the futureneeded in the future Takes up space on the hard diskTakes up space on the hard disk
Install from NetworkInstall from Network Existing network connection must be present, Existing network connection must be present,
or must set up real-mode boot disk with or must set up real-mode boot disk with network driversnetwork drivers
Planning an OS UpgradePlanning an OS Upgrade
HardwareHardware Is all the hardware on the Hardware Compatibility List Is all the hardware on the Hardware Compatibility List
(HCL)?(HCL)? Does the system meet the minimum requirements?Does the system meet the minimum requirements?
Existing OSExisting OS Is the existing OS upgradeable to the desired new Is the existing OS upgradeable to the desired new
version?version? SoftwareSoftware
Are all existing applications able to run under new OS Are all existing applications able to run under new OS version?version?
Clean Install?Clean Install?
Is it necessary to preserve existing Is it necessary to preserve existing application installations?application installations?
Is it necessary to preserve existing data Is it necessary to preserve existing data files?files?
Does the old OS have performance Does the old OS have performance problems that might be corrected by a problems that might be corrected by a clean install of the new OS?clean install of the new OS?
Do you want to redo the partitions on the Do you want to redo the partitions on the hard disk? hard disk?
Planning for Multi-BootingPlanning for Multi-Booting
Windows NT 4, 2000, and XP are all Windows NT 4, 2000, and XP are all multi-boot aware; Windows 95, 98, and multi-boot aware; Windows 95, 98, and Me are notMe are not
1.1. Install the non-multi-boot-aware OS firstInstall the non-multi-boot-aware OS first
2.2. Install the multi-boot-aware OS afterward, Install the multi-boot-aware OS afterward, on a different logical driveon a different logical drive
Settings for multi-booting are stored in Settings for multi-booting are stored in BOOT.INI BOOT.INI
Special Upgrading IssuesSpecial Upgrading Issues
DOS to Windows 9xDOS to Windows 9x Disable any 3Disable any 3rdrd party memory management party memory management
utilities, disk caches, antivirusutilities, disk caches, antivirus NT/2000/XP to 9xNT/2000/XP to 9x
Not a directly supported upgrade pathNot a directly supported upgrade path Clean install onlyClean install only
9x to NT/2000/XP9x to NT/2000/XP Check device compatibility, driver updates Check device compatibility, driver updates
may be requiredmay be required
Installing Windows 9xInstalling Windows 9x
Start Setup Start Setup from CD or from CD or from files from files copied to copied to hard diskhard disk
Installing Windows NT, 2000, or XPInstalling Windows NT, 2000, or XP
Boot from the Windows CDBoot from the Windows CD Create setup boot disks if neededCreate setup boot disks if needed
Useful if PC does not support booting from Useful if PC does not support booting from CDCD
x:\bootdisk\makeboot a:x:\bootdisk\makeboot a:
Partitioning and FormattingPartitioning and Formatting
Setup Setup creates creates FAT or FAT or NTFS NTFS partitionspartitions
Both Both partitions partitions and and formatsformats
Computer Name and Computer Name and Administrator PasswordAdministrator Password
Very importantVery important to remember to remember the password the password you use hereyou use here
Password will Password will be required to be required to get into get into Recovery Recovery ConsoleConsole
Managing Multi-Boot SettingsManaging Multi-Boot Settings
Control Panel Control Panel method:method: System Properties, System Properties,
Advanced tab, Advanced tab, Startup and Startup and Recovery SettingsRecovery Settings
Alternate method:Alternate method: Edit BOOT.INI in Edit BOOT.INI in
NotepadNotepad
Troubleshooting Installation Troubleshooting Installation ProblemsProblems
Hardware incompatibilitiesHardware incompatibilities Check HCL (Check HCL (www.microsoft.com/hclwww.microsoft.com/hcl)) Remove all non-essential hardware for the Remove all non-essential hardware for the
installinstall Check device manufacturer’s Web site for Check device manufacturer’s Web site for
firmware or driver updatesfirmware or driver updates Cannot get past ScandiskCannot get past Scandisk
Run setup with /is switch: setup /isRun setup with /is switch: setup /is
Troubleshooting Installation Troubleshooting Installation ProblemsProblems
Errors reading from CDErrors reading from CD Remove the CD, rotate it, try againRemove the CD, rotate it, try again Clean dirt and fingerprints off CD with soft dry Clean dirt and fingerprints off CD with soft dry
clothcloth Copy setup files from CD to hard disk and Copy setup files from CD to hard disk and
install from thereinstall from there Try a different CD drive if possibleTry a different CD drive if possible
Troubleshooting Installation Troubleshooting Installation ProblemsProblems
File missing after installingFile missing after installing Use EXTRACT utility to copy needed file from Use EXTRACT utility to copy needed file from
CD: CD: EXTRACT EXTRACT x:\path\cabinetfilex:\path\cabinetfile x:\path\filenamex:\path\filename
Search all CAB files with the /A switch:Search all CAB files with the /A switch:EXTRACT /AEXTRACT /A x:\path\cabinetfilex:\path\cabinetfile x:\path\x:\path\filenamefilename
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