Pavement Rehabilitation Selection Workshop

Sponsored by: APANM Brian Jones

Presented by: Dan Wegman, P.E.WEGS/Braun Intertec

CIR/FDR/SFDR Fundamentals

1. Background Information2. Definitions/Distress Identification3. Project Assessment and Rehab Selection4. Rehab Processes–CIR/FDR/SFDR &more5. Binder Selection6. Mix Design & Performance Testing7. Inspection

Workshop Outline

Background Information

43

.4%

57.6

%

49.4

%

60.1

%

61.9

% 66.3

%

63.9

%

63.1

% 69.2

%

78.7

%

71.9

%

69.8

%

72.5

%

72.2

%

74.9

% 81.0

% 84.8

% 89.6

%

90.5

%

91.0

%

93.1

%

19.3

%

11.6

% 16.2

%

7.4%

6.6%

5.3% 7.

3%

5.3%

3.4%

1.5% 6.

1% 7.4%

6.5%

5.7%

4.4%

3.5%

3.2%

1.4%

1.0% 1.2%

0.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Interstate PL1 (Good) Interstate PL3 (Poor) Non-Interstate PL1 (Good) Non-Interstate PL3 (Poor)

PL-1 are pavements in "good" conditionPL-3 are pavements in "poor" conditionData Labels are for the noninterstate system

Rehab “Tool Box” Tools

• Cold in Place Recycling (CIR)• Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR)• Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)• Stabilized FDR (SFDR)• Hot in Place Recycling (HIR)

Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) Types of FDR (2007)

2%5% 6%

11%16%

20%

40%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

Foam Fly Ash Other(Kiln dust

/CaCl2)Lime Emulsion Cement None

(dry)

Additives Used in Recycling

Pavement Life Cycle

Pavement Life Cycle

• Distress Identification• Project/Pavement Assessment• Binder Selection• Mix Design and Performance Testing• Inspection• Stacking Hands on Selection

BackgroundProcess Selection

• Surface Distress – Windshield Survey• Subsurface Distress – Coring & Boring• Drainage Related Distress• Environmental vs. Construction

Related • Performance Testing to address

common distress

Distress Identification

Pavement Surface Evaluations

Distresses can be attributed too:–Climate

• Transverse cracking• Block cracking

–Structural Deficiencies• Alligator cracking• Rutting

–Materials• Shoving• Bleeding

Pavement Condition/Distress Survey

Bituminous Pavement Distresses

Pavement AssessmentPavement Condition/Distress Survey

Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking Bleeding Block Cracking Corrugation and Shoving Depression Reflective Cracking Longitudinal Cracking Patching

Polished Aggregates Potholes Raveling Rutting Slippage Cracking Stripping Transverse (Thermal) Cracking Water Bleeding and Pumping

Bituminous Pavement Distresses

Pavement Surface Evaluations

Pavement Surface Evaluations

Pavement Surface Evaluations

Pavement AssessmentPavement Condition/Distress Survey

• How is pavement condition determined?– There are numerous resources available to assist in

conducting pavement condition surveys:• FHWA-SHRP• ASTM D5340-93• FP2 Electronic Guide• Corps of Engineers-Micropaver• Others ?

Pavement AssessmentPavement Condition/Distress Survey

• Procedures generally use a manual with detailed descriptions of:– Description of distress– Severity level and frequency– How to measure

Pavement Subsurface Evaluations

Goal is to determine what’s going on underneath the pavement surface.

Evaluation of inplace materials can be determined destructively (coring) or non-destructively (GPR, FWD):

–Identify underlying conditions (stripping?)–Identify thickness of inplace materials

Drainage, Drainage, Drainage ….

Pavement Assessment Surface and Subsurface Drainage Review

• Visual inspection for presence of:– Curb and gutter– Ditches– Subsurface drainage installed

• Is it working?

• Soil borings:– Base material type– Subgrade material type

Pavement Coring

• Confirm inplace materials and review conditions• Coring performed in non-cracked (sound)

pavement areas, as well as on cracks to assess extent of cracking.

Pavement Coring

Pavement Coring

Pavement Coring

Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground-coupled GPR

Air-coupled GPR

Primary Uses for Roadway GPR

Determining inplace thicknesseso Pre mill-and-overlay or cold in-place recycling

(CIR) thickness determinationo Bituminous and base thickness if considering full-

depth reclamation (FDR) Layer thicknesses for FWD Estimation of construction removal quantities QA testing following project completion

GPR Limitations

Weather• Need clear roads and pavement surfaces• No heavy rain (equipment damage and surface reflection of signal)

Noise/Interference• Common sources: FM radio and television towers, two-way radios

Depth • Typically can see to about 2 to 3 feet (Air Coupled)

Materials• Similar materials (such as sand-and-gravel base over silty-sand

subbase) may be difficult to differentiate• Materials that are intermixed

GPR for Pavements

Typical GPR Output File

Bituminous

Pavement Surface

Aggregate Base

Presentation of Data

Pavement Strength Evaluation

Evaluation of the structural capacity of an existing pavement can be determined by Falling Weight Deflectometer testing:

–Identify spring load capacity–Identify potential pavement failures–In-site R-value for use in pavement design–Design overlay thickness