OA 1 1. Define Absolute Monarchy— Protestant Reformation – Divine right of kings (176) — 2....

OA 1

1. Define • Absolute Monarchy—• Protestant Reformation –• Divine right of kings (176) —

2. What happened to those individuals who dared to question a monarch’s action? (176)

Glorious Revolution

Tudors

Henry VIII• Act of Supremacy– Becomes the head of

the Anglican Church (Protestant Church)

• To gain support of the Parliament, he sold the Catholic lands to its members.

TudorsElizabeth I• Daughter of Henry

8th • Removed Catholic

laws • Supported the

Church of England (Anglican Church) • Jailed Puritans

StuartsCharles I• Believes in Absolutism–Absolute monarch

• Did not allow Parliament to meet. –Bad relationship with

the Parliament –He ruled without the

parliament.

English Civil War/ English Revolution

Oliver Cromwell• Military leader who

fought and defeated the royalists (supporters of King Charles I) in the English Civil War.

• Had Charles I executed!• He becomes a dictator –Gets rid of the

Parliament.

Stuart Restoration

James II• He favored the

Catholic church. • He wanted to rule

without the Parliament. –Believed in

Absolutism

Glorious RevolutionWilliam of Orange• He worked with the

Parliament to overthrow the King, James II. • Then signed the Bill

of Rights. –Gave rights to the

people and the power to the Parliament.

OA 2 (pg 181)

1. What was the Glorious Revolution?2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights?

OA 2 (pg 181)

1. What was the Glorious Revolution?• William and the Parliament (Nobles)

overthrew James II (King of England).• Bloodless Revolution • Signed the Bill of Rights 2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights. • Gave power to the Parliament• Gave rights to the people

Glorious Revolution

• Conflict Between:–Protestants

and Catholics–Parliament

and King

The Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution• Period of time when Europe experienced great

expansion of scientific knowledge.– Influences the Enlightenment

• The power of human reason and its endless potential!– Nicolaus Copernicus & Galileo Galilei – sun was at the

center of the universe (Heliocentrism)– Isaac Newton – laws of motion and universal gravitation– Edward Jenner — small pox vaccine

Natural Law

• Natural Law – Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces

• For example, gravity and magnetism • What about social, economic, and political

issues?• Reformers in hopes of finding advancements

in society started studying human behavior • The Age of Enlightenment

Enlightenment• Cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17th-

century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism

• purpose was to reform society using reason, to challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith

PhilosophesEnlighten thinkers of France that used reason to reform and improve government, law, and society (French thinkers/ intellects during the enlightenment)

Enlightenment

Thomas Hobbes• Humanity in nature is

selfish, cruel and ugly• People must give up

their freedom for an organized society

• Supporter of absolute monarchy!

EnlightenmentJohn Locke• People are reasonable

and moral • All people had Natural

rights – rights that belonged to all humans from birth (universal)– “Life, Liberty, and

Prosperity”

Philosophes Montesquieu• Division of the

government• 3 Branches:

Legislative; Executive; and Judicial

• Separation of powers, checks (limits) and balances

Philosophes

Rousseau• People were corrupted by

society. And it was society that limited the human potential.

• So the government must be chosen/elected by the people.

• Social Contract – People must have a direct say in the government.

Women’s VoiceWollstonecraft• Both men and women

were created equal• Advocated rights for

women• Ridiculed by the male

dominated Enlightenment thinkers

New economic thinking

• Laissez Faire – allowing business to operate with little or no government interference– Free market – Compeition

• Adam Smith – English economist argued for free market in his book, “The Wealth of the Nation.”

Cultural Influences• Salons – informal social gatherings

within the wealthy upper class’s mansions, where intellects exchanged ideas

• Literature – Government and the Church felt

threatened by the Enlightened thinkers– Censorship – Restriction to ideas and

information– They created fictional tales to express

their thoughts Outpouring of Novels– Satire – Genre that mocks in purpose

of social criticism

Cultural Influences• Art & Music• Baroque – Religious, grand, exaggerated,

superfluous (fancy), and filled with excitement

New Art Style• Enlightenment

influence Rococo – Art Style that moved away from the themes of religion. The artistic styles became lighter, simpler, and elegant.

OA 3 “English Bill of Rights”

1) According to #1, #2, & #4 what couldn’t the English monarch do?2) What must the king do in order to pass laws?3) What is the purpose of #8 4) What is #10 trying to protect the people from?5) What are the main goals of the English Bill of Rights

Enlightened thought comes to America

■ Tension turns to revolution, founding fathers are “enlightened”– Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”– Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence– James Madison’s Constitution

■ First Government falters– Articles of Confederation too weak

■ Stronger Government has new law– Constitution, Bill of Rights

U.S. Constitution

The supreme law of the United States Created with the ideas of the Enlightenment

Principles of Constitution• Popular Sovereignty

– Rule by the people– power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as

trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.

• Federalism– Power is divided between National and state gov.– A system of government in which power is divided between a central

authority and constituent political units.

• Separation of Powers– Central gov. is divided by three branches: Executive, Legislative, and

Judicial– the state is divided into branches, each with separate and

independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches.

Principles of Constitution

• Checks and Balances– Each branch of the government exercise some control

over the other– the powers of one branch can be challenged by

another branch in order to stop one branch of the government from becoming too powerful

• Limited Government– The Constitution specifically list the powers it does not

have– Government. restricted with reference to governing

powers by limitations

O.A. 4 Pictowords

Popular Sovereignty; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks and Balances; Limited Government