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OA 1
1. Define • Absolute Monarchy—• Protestant Reformation –• Divine right of kings (176) —
2. What happened to those individuals who dared to question a monarch’s action? (176)
Glorious Revolution
Tudors
Henry VIII• Act of Supremacy– Becomes the head of
the Anglican Church (Protestant Church)
• To gain support of the Parliament, he sold the Catholic lands to its members.
TudorsElizabeth I• Daughter of Henry
8th • Removed Catholic
laws • Supported the
Church of England (Anglican Church) • Jailed Puritans
StuartsCharles I• Believes in Absolutism–Absolute monarch
• Did not allow Parliament to meet. –Bad relationship with
the Parliament –He ruled without the
parliament.
English Civil War/ English Revolution
Oliver Cromwell• Military leader who
fought and defeated the royalists (supporters of King Charles I) in the English Civil War.
• Had Charles I executed!• He becomes a dictator –Gets rid of the
Parliament.
Stuart Restoration
James II• He favored the
Catholic church. • He wanted to rule
without the Parliament. –Believed in
Absolutism
Glorious RevolutionWilliam of Orange• He worked with the
Parliament to overthrow the King, James II. • Then signed the Bill
of Rights. –Gave rights to the
people and the power to the Parliament.
OA 2 (pg 181)
1. What was the Glorious Revolution?2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights?
OA 2 (pg 181)
1. What was the Glorious Revolution?• William and the Parliament (Nobles)
overthrew James II (King of England).• Bloodless Revolution • Signed the Bill of Rights 2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights. • Gave power to the Parliament• Gave rights to the people
Glorious Revolution
• Conflict Between:–Protestants
and Catholics–Parliament
and King
The Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution• Period of time when Europe experienced great
expansion of scientific knowledge.– Influences the Enlightenment
• The power of human reason and its endless potential!– Nicolaus Copernicus & Galileo Galilei – sun was at the
center of the universe (Heliocentrism)– Isaac Newton – laws of motion and universal gravitation– Edward Jenner — small pox vaccine
Natural Law
• Natural Law – Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces
• For example, gravity and magnetism • What about social, economic, and political
issues?• Reformers in hopes of finding advancements
in society started studying human behavior • The Age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment• Cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17th-
century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism
• purpose was to reform society using reason, to challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith
PhilosophesEnlighten thinkers of France that used reason to reform and improve government, law, and society (French thinkers/ intellects during the enlightenment)
Enlightenment
Thomas Hobbes• Humanity in nature is
selfish, cruel and ugly• People must give up
their freedom for an organized society
• Supporter of absolute monarchy!
EnlightenmentJohn Locke• People are reasonable
and moral • All people had Natural
rights – rights that belonged to all humans from birth (universal)– “Life, Liberty, and
Prosperity”
Philosophes Montesquieu• Division of the
government• 3 Branches:
Legislative; Executive; and Judicial
• Separation of powers, checks (limits) and balances
Philosophes
Rousseau• People were corrupted by
society. And it was society that limited the human potential.
• So the government must be chosen/elected by the people.
• Social Contract – People must have a direct say in the government.
Women’s VoiceWollstonecraft• Both men and women
were created equal• Advocated rights for
women• Ridiculed by the male
dominated Enlightenment thinkers
New economic thinking
• Laissez Faire – allowing business to operate with little or no government interference– Free market – Compeition
• Adam Smith – English economist argued for free market in his book, “The Wealth of the Nation.”
Cultural Influences• Salons – informal social gatherings
within the wealthy upper class’s mansions, where intellects exchanged ideas
• Literature – Government and the Church felt
threatened by the Enlightened thinkers– Censorship – Restriction to ideas and
information– They created fictional tales to express
their thoughts Outpouring of Novels– Satire – Genre that mocks in purpose
of social criticism
Cultural Influences• Art & Music• Baroque – Religious, grand, exaggerated,
superfluous (fancy), and filled with excitement
New Art Style• Enlightenment
influence Rococo – Art Style that moved away from the themes of religion. The artistic styles became lighter, simpler, and elegant.
OA 3 “English Bill of Rights”
1) According to #1, #2, & #4 what couldn’t the English monarch do?2) What must the king do in order to pass laws?3) What is the purpose of #8 4) What is #10 trying to protect the people from?5) What are the main goals of the English Bill of Rights
Enlightened thought comes to America
■ Tension turns to revolution, founding fathers are “enlightened”– Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”– Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence– James Madison’s Constitution
■ First Government falters– Articles of Confederation too weak
■ Stronger Government has new law– Constitution, Bill of Rights
U.S. Constitution
The supreme law of the United States Created with the ideas of the Enlightenment
Principles of Constitution• Popular Sovereignty
– Rule by the people– power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as
trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.
• Federalism– Power is divided between National and state gov.– A system of government in which power is divided between a central
authority and constituent political units.
• Separation of Powers– Central gov. is divided by three branches: Executive, Legislative, and
Judicial– the state is divided into branches, each with separate and
independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches.
Principles of Constitution
• Checks and Balances– Each branch of the government exercise some control
over the other– the powers of one branch can be challenged by
another branch in order to stop one branch of the government from becoming too powerful
• Limited Government– The Constitution specifically list the powers it does not
have– Government. restricted with reference to governing
powers by limitations
O.A. 4 Pictowords
Popular Sovereignty; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks and Balances; Limited Government