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Authoritaria n Monarchy Catholic Kings

Authoritarian monarchy

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Authoritarian Monarchy

Catholic Kings

Fernando de Aragón

(1452-1516)

Isabel de Castilla(1451-1504)

TrastámaraDynasty

1469

•1451: Birth of Queen Isabel •1452: Birth of King Fernando.•1468: Death of prince Alfonso . Concorde of “los Toros de Guisando" (named heiress Isabel of Castile) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fbn_n23Zv54

•1469: Secret wedding of Isabel and Fernando. Enrique IV proclaimed to the princess Juana heiress to the throne of Castile .•1474: Death of Enrique IV. Self-proclamation of Isabel as Queen of Castile. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrn_crESQKo•1475: Concord of Segovia.•1475-1479: War of the Castilian Succession. (between Elizabeth and Joanna)•1479: End of the war with the “treaty of Alcaçovas”. Ferdinand inherited Aragon.

1470: Birth of the princess Isabel.1476-1498: Conquest of the Canary Islands.

Timeline

1478: Court of the Inquisition. Birth of Prince Juan1479: Birth of Princess Juana, mother of Charles I.1482: Birth of the princess Maria.1486: Sentence of Guadalupe (serfs).1485: Birth of Princess Catherine.

1492 ● Capitulations of Santa Fe. ● Discovery of America. ● Expulsion of Jews. ● Conquest of Granada.1499 Cardinal Cisneros forced baptism for Muslims.1493: Treaty of Barcelona, Aragon gets Roussillon and Cerdanya1494: Consulate of Burgos. Wool trade between Castile-Flanders.1497: Conquest of Melilla.. Death of prince Juan .1498: Death of the Princess Elizabeth. 1502:Ultimatum for the Mudejar of Castile and Aragon.1504: Death of Isabel .. Conquest of Naples.1516: Death of King Fernando.

Outline of the Unit

1. DYNASTIC UNION

2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

3. FOREIGN POLICY

4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY

5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

1. 1475 Concord Segovia: it is agreed the joint administration.

2. But each kingdom kept : Currency , Institutions, Borders , Tax System and Laws.

3. No fixed capital, it was where the kings and the court moved.

4. It was created a royal army in the name of the two kingdoms.

DYNASTIC UNION

CROWN OF CASTILE

CROWN OF ARAGON

Outline of the Unit

1. DYNASTIC UNION

2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

3. FOREIGN POLICY

4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY

5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

Navarra allied with France after being annexed to the Crown (1515). Navarra also kept their laws and institutions.

With Portugal, the catholic Kings carried out a policy of marriage links : Two of his daughters (Firs t Isabel and after her death Maria) married to the king of Portugal, and many years later, thanks to this marriage policy ,the kingdom of Portugal annexed to the crown.

Conquest of Granada (1482-1492) thanks to: Internal disagreements of Muslim leaders and military dominance of the Catholic Kings. Boabdil, the last Moorish king, handed the keys Granada.

Outline of the Unit

1. DYNASTIC UNION

2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

3. FOREIGN POLICY

4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY

5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

6. HUMANISM AND SPANISH RENAISSANCE

The Crown of Aragon continued with its Expansion policy into Mediterranean:1493 Treaty of Barcelona gets Roussillon and Cerdanya.1504 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples, to restrain the French expansion.

MelillaOrán Argel Bugía

They conquered Melilla (1497), Oran , Argel and Bugía (1510) to stop the expansions of Berber villages.

The Crown of Castile :1. Expanded into

the Atlantic ocean .

2. Conquered the Canary Islands (1478-1496)

3. Isabel offered support to the project of Christopher Columbus to reach the Indies, which allowed the discovery of the Americasin 1492.

Outline of the Unit

1. DYNASTIC UNION

2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

3. FOREIGN POLICY

4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY

5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

The Catholic kings wanted to impose their authority:In all social groups (nobility, clergy, common people...) In

all territories.It was established the figure of the viceroy (a

representative of the kings) ... they get different results in each kingdom:In Castile

First, when Isabel ascended the throne, there was a big mess:Bandits in the fields, Struggles to control the cities, Power struggles between the nobility. To combat it, and to strengthen the royal power, New institutions were created...

In AragonMedieval institutions and privileged classes kept, but like in Castile, their power was reduced .Thanks to the “Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe” the problems of the peasants and serfs (remences) with the feudal lords were arranged..It was practiced:The balloting for the election of officers.The pacts (agreements).

“Santa Hermandad.” Professional army

” Consejos”

Royal hearing

Royal accountancy Chief magistrate

Religious uniformity:

1478 Creation of the Court of the Inquisition. The Moorish, converted and heretics were persecuted.

1492 Expulsion of the Jews.

1499 Cardinal Cisneros forced baptism for Muslims.

1502 Ultimatum for the “Mudéjares” of Castile and Aragon to convert to Christianity.

Moorish

Mudéjar(in

Christian lands)

Muslim

Old Christia

n

Mozárabe (in

Muslim lands)

Christianity

Converted (New Christian

s)

Sephardic Jewish

(in Christian

lands)

Jewish

Converted to

Christianity

Lives under

another religion,

not converted

to it .

Religion

Outline of the Unit

1. DYNASTIC UNION

2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

3. FOREIGN POLICY

4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY

5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

In Castile:- The monarchy charged a lot of money on the wool trade, but in general, offered support for livestock and wool trade.

- Since 1492, Castile received

gold and silver from America, making Castile more powerful.

- 1494: Consulate of Burgos was created. Consequences:

- Less land for agriculture, which had to be imported.

- The wool were exported and the textiles were imported, so, it could not be developed the textile industry.

In Aragon:- A strong crisis decimated the population.

- The nobility took advantage of peasants so that they paid many taxes. In 1486, by arbitration sentence of Guadalupe, these “misuses“ were abolished and farmers were enabled to own land, but in Valencia and Aragon nobility still practiced misuses.

- Imposition of tariffs on wool imported textiles to protect the internal trade.

- Valencia becomes the most important commercial city.

PRIVILEGED

UNPRIVILEGED

In Castile:

-The monarchy nullified the political power of the nobility, but left intact the social and economic powers.

-Laws of Toro 1505: primogeniture.

In Aragon:

- Nobility abuses and misuses against lower classes were stopped.

- Growth of the urban bourgeoisie (middle-class) thanks to the tariffs which protected the local industry.