Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab

Pearl River Community College

Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab

Jana CauseyChris Christen

Amanda Parker

Pearl River Community College

Part I: Identification of Muscles and their ActionsStudent Learning Goals

1. Identify various muscles in the human body using images and human muscle models.

2. Identify the action, origin and, insertion of each muscle identified.

3. Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of each muscle action.

Pearl River Community College

Review: Planes of the Body

Pearl River Community College

Terminology

• Origin – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and is static

• Insertion – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and moves that bone upon contraction

Pearl River Community College

Terminology

• Prime mover (Agonist) – primary muscle completing the action

• Antagonist – relaxes to allow the agonist to contract; contraction results in an opposite movement

• Synergist(s) – hold the body in the correct position to complete the action

• Fixator/Stabilizer – special synergist that stabilizes the bone of the prime movers origin

Pearl River Community College

Corrugatorsupercilii Orbicularis oculiLevator labiisuperiorisZygomaticusminor and majorBuccinator

Orbicularis orisMentalisDepressorlabii inferiorisDepressor anguli oris

Frontal bellyOccipitalbelly

Temporalis

MasseterSternocleidomastoidTrapezius

Epicranius

Pearl River Community College

Transversus abdominisInternal obliqueExternal oblique

Pectoralis major

Rectusabdominis

Serratus anterior

Pearl River Community College

SubclaviusClavicle

SubscapularisPectoralis minor

Coracobrachialis

Serratus anterior

Humerus

Sternocleido-mastoid

DeltoidPectoralismajor Sternum

Biceps brachii

Trapezius

LevatorscapulaeSupraspinatusClavicleSpine ofscapula InfraspinatusTeres minor

Humerus

Deltoid

Teres major

Latissimusdorsi

RhomboidminorRhomboidmajor

Pearl River Community College

Clavicle

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Lateral headLong headMedial head

CoracobrachialisTriceps brachii:

Biceps brachiiBrachialisBrachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

Supraspinatus*Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut)Greater tubercleof humerusInfraspinatus*Teres minor*Teres majorTriceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

HumerusOlecranon processof ulna

Lateral head Long head

Anconeus

* Rotator cuff muscles

Pearl River Community College

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensor carpiulnaris

Extensor digitiminimi

Extensor indicis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpiradialis brevisExtensor carpiradialis longus

Biceps brachii

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Pronator quadratus

Flexor carpi radialisPalmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

Pearl River Community College

Psoas minor

Psoas majorIliopsoas Iliacus

Tensor fasciae lataePectineusSartoriusQuadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis

Adductor magnus

Adductor longusGracilis

Pearl River Community College

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Adductor magnusGracilis

Long head

SemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Short headBicepsfemoris Hamstrings

Pearl River Community College

GastrocnemiusSoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longusTibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis brevisFlexor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum brevisExtensor hallucis brevis

Fibularis longusGastrocnemiusTibia

Tibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus

SoleusExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

Pearl River Community College

Part II: Incorporation of Exercise and Muscle ActionStudent Learning Goals

• Review various muscle groups on muscle models

• Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of the muscles used in the assigned exercise

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Abdominal Muscles:Sit-up

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Back:Superman

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Back:Reverse Butterfly

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Chest:Butterfly

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Chest and Arms:Downward Motion of a Push-up

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Chest and Arms:Upward Motion of a Push-up

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Arms: Bicep Curl

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Arms: Lateral Shoulder Raise

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Arms:Rotating Bicep Curl

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Arms:Forearm Curl

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Lateral Leg Raises

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Forward Leg Raises

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Backward Leg Raises

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Lunges

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Squats

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Calf Raises

Pearl River Community College

Movements of the Legs:Flexing the Foot

Pearl River Community College

Assignment Options

1. Complete the assignment during lab using the handout provided– Addition of synergist/fixators to list

2. Assign different muscle groups to students and require students to choreograph muscle movements that use the muscle groups– Addition of light weights and/or bands

3. Online adaptations