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Microbial Enhanced Oil RecoveryGroup 11
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MEOR ProcessesSources and TypesNutrients & InjectionMechanismsScreening criteriaMethodologyCase StudyEconomicsLimitations and Environmental EffectsConclusion
Outlines
Shady
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Well Stimulation
Enhancing WaterfloodingPermeability ModificationWellbore Cleanup
MEOR Processes
Shady
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Indigenous
Less cost
Difficulty to achieve required reactions
External Source(Exogenous)Produce required productsInjected with nutrientsORInjection of metabolites
Source & Type
Source
M.Abdelaaty
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AerobicAnaerobicFacultative
Source & TypeType
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Essential nutrients
Nutrients
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Sugar, crude oilOxygenCarbon sourceFor aerobic cultures
Nutrients
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WaterNutrientsMicrobes
Injection
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InjectionInjectionMicrobialfloodingHuff and Puff
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Huff &Puff
Injection
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NutrientsMicrobesWaterInjectionINJECTION
Stimulation
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InjectionSHUT - IN
Stimulation
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InjectionPRODUCTION
ProductionStimulationFrom the same well
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Microbialflooding
Injection
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Injection
Enhancing waterflooding
M.Abdelaaty
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Microbes as Factory of Bio-chemicals
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Interfacial tensionWater mobilityOil mobility
Mechanisms
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Mechanisms
Interfacial tensionMechanismProductReduction of IFTBio-surfactant
M. Fathy
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PERMEABILITY REDUCTION
Mechanisms
Water mobilityMechanismProductSelective pluggingBio-polymer
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Water mobilityPERMEABILITY REDUCTION
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Water mobility
PERMEABILITY REDUCTIONM. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Water mobility
PERMEABILITY REDUCTIONM. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Water mobilityMechanismProductWater thickeningBio-polymerVISCOSITY INCREASING
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismProductDissolution of carbonatesOrganic acidsPERMEABILITY INCREASING
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismProductDislodge debrisBio-gasPERMEABILITY INCREASING
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismProductEmulsionOrganic alcohols and bio-surfactantVISCOSITY REDUCTION
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismProductSwellingBio-gasVISCOSITY REDUCTION
M. Fathy
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismProductOil dissolutionOrganic solventsVISCOSITY REDUCTION
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismHeatVISCOSITY REDUCTION
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityMechanismOil bio-degradationVISCOSITY REDUCTION
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Mechanisms
Oil mobilityTitans new technology
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GeophysicalGeochemicalOil properties
Screening criteria
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Screening criteriaGeophysical
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> 50 cp
50 170 F100 120 F
> 20 cp, < 200 cp3 30 %< 8000 ft100 300 md3000 6000 ft> 10%TemperatureDepth> 50 mdPorosityPermeabilityViscosityScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum
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Screening criteriaGeochemical
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0 -15 %< 20 %< 10 %< 150,000 ppm
5 - 9< 200 ppm6 - 8Carbonate< 100 ppmCarbonate,Sandstone,Granite, othersSalinityTDSHeavy metalspHLithologyScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum
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Screening criteriaOil properties
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Paraffinic/Asphaltic
> 25 %> 1550 %30 -40Paraffinic, Asphaltic,Naphthenic,OlefinicOil typeAPIOil saturationScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum
M.Abdelmawgod
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MethodologyCharacterization of The Target Reservoir
Important in MEOR project.
Designing microbial treatment.
Identifying the directional flow characteristics of the reservoir.
Mostafa
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MethodologyThe Mineralogy of The Rock Formation
Characterized by core analysis
The effect of clay minerals in the pores.
The effect of rock mineralogy on transport of microbes.
Mostafa
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MethodologyExamination of The Produced Oil & Water
Water and oil samples were analyzed for microbial content.
These microorganisms might have adverse effect on the injected MEOR system or may be beneficial.
Indigenous microbes are used widely in the MEOR systems.
Mostafa
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MethodologyCare When Nutrients Are Injected
Ensure that the indigenous SRB* are either not stimulated or over grown.
SRB can produce H2S.
*SRB: Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
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MethodologyCompatibility testing of microbes with fluids
Compatibility testing of fluids must be performed with cores.
These tests will yield estimates of oil recovery efficiency.
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MethodologyQuality of The Injected Nutrients Must Be Studied
Compatibility testing with nutrients must be performed with cores .
The difference of nutrient composition affects the microbial growth and activity.
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Project Description
Lab. TestPilot Test
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3Field project scale
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Case Study
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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979
Oil production: 20 bbl/day
Objective: Well clean-out
Well: Low productionCase study
Doaa
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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979BacteriaNutrientsBacillusClostridiumUp to 105 to 106 cells/ml
Molasses (4 %)
(NH4)3PO4 (0.02 %)
Case study
Doaa
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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979
Process:
Huff and Puff
Shut-in for 4 weeks
Increase production 350 %Case study
Doaa
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Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988
Problem: High oil viscosity (21 API)
Unfavorable mobility ratio
Inefficient waterfloodingCase study
M.Alaa
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Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988BacteriaNutrients-Clostridium:High producer of CO2 and alcohols
Water 10,000bblFree corn syrup 200,000lbSome mineral salts
Case study
M.Alaa
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Process:
Injection
Shut-in for 7 days
Returning to production
Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988Case study
M.Alaa
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Results:Reduction of oil viscosity by CO2
Improve mobility ratio and sweep efficiency by organic butanol
Leading to enhancing oil recovery
Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988Case study
M.Alaa
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Economics
Microbes and nutrients are relatively cheap materials.
Cost is independent on oil prices.
Implementation needs minor modifications to field facilities.
Economics
M.Alaa
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Economically attractive for marginal producing wells.
The total cost of incremental oil production from MEOR is only 2 3 $/bbl.
Economics
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SurfactantCO2 InjectionThermalPolymerWaterfloodingMEORTotal recovery, % OOIPIncremental oil cost, $/bbl
Economics
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Limitations
Enas
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Limitations
Mineral content
Increasing salinity absorbs water from the microbe and negatively affects its growth
Enas
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Limitations
Reservoir parameters
Permeability, temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, etc affects selection of our types and our growth
Enas
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Limitations
Study of bacteria metabolism, and relation to subsurface environment, need great effort
Lack of experience
Enas
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Limitations
Sulfate-reducing bacteria
Produce H2S and SO2Causing bio-corrosion of the equipment, and contamination of ground water
Enas
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More friendlyProduce organic chemicalsless harmful than synthetic chemicals used by otherEOR methods
Effects on Environment
Enas
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Conclusion
Shady
EOR Methods are specific for specific reservoirs.
Usage of microbes is to produce Bio-chemicals.
Effect of reservoir conditions.
MEOR is economical method.
64
Donaldson, E.C.; Chilingarian, G.V.; and Yen, T.F., "Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Vol. 22, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989
El-Tayeb, S.A.; Abdallah, Abdel Waly; Sayyouh, M.H. and Samir, M.A., Tertiary Oil Recovery from Egyptian Reservoirs by New Method (Bacteria for Increasing Oil Recovery), Report 1; Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Jan, 2003
Sayyouh, M.H.; Al-Blehed, M.S.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Possible Applications of MEOR to the Arab Oil Fields," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 5, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1991)
Al-Blehed, M.S.; Sayyouh, M.H.; Shoeb, H.A.; Awwad, A.M.; Desouky, S.M.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Laboratory Investigation of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 8, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1994)
References
L. Bryant, Steven, The University of Texas at Austin; and P. Lockhart, Thomas SPE, Enitecnologie, " Reservoir Engineering Analysis of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," SPE 63229 presentation at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 14 October 2000
M. Amro, Mohamed, SPE, King Saud University, "Multidisciplinary Challenge for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)," SPE 120820 presented at the 2008 Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium held in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, 1012 May 2008
Maudgalya, Saikrishna, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum Corp.; and M. Knapp, Roy, SPE; and J. McInerny, Michael, SPE, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Microbial Enhanced oil Recovery Technologies: A Review of the Past, Present, and Future," SPE 106978 presented at the 2007 SPE Production and Operations Symposium held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 31 March3 April 2007
References
R. Vazquez-Duhalt and R. Quintero-Ramirez (Editors), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 151, Chapter 15, Biotechnological approach for development of microbial enhanced oil recovery technique, Fujiwara, K.; Sugai, Y.; Yazawa, N.; Ohno, K. ; Hong, C.X. and Enomoto, H., Elsevier B .V., 2004
Feng, Qing-xian; and Zhou, Jia-xi, SPE, Chen, Zhi-yu; Wang, Xiao-lin; and Ni, Fang-tian, SPE, and Huai-jun Yang, Research Centre of Dagang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Study on EOR Mechanisms by Microbial Flooding, SPE 79176 presented at the 26th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Abuja, Nigeria, 5-7 August, 2002
Kowalewski, E.; Rueslatten, I.; Boassen, T.; Sunde, E.; and Stensen, J.A., Statoil ASA.; Lillebo, B.L.P.; Bodtker, G.; and Torsvik, T., UNIFOB AS, Analyzing Microbial Improved Oil Recovery Processes from Core Floods," IPTC 10924 presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Doha, Qatar, 21 23 November,2005
References
Websiteshttp://www.bioportal.gc.ca
http://www.agen.ufl.edu
http://www.msstate.edu
http://www.bnet.com
http://www.microbesinc.com
http://www.teriin.org
http://www.titanoilrecovery.com
Special ThanksProf. Dr./ Mohamed Helmy SayyouhMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
Prof. Dr./ El-Sayed Ahmed El-TayebMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
Till the last dropOil is ours
THANK YOU
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