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Microbial Enhanced Oil RecoveryGroup 11

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MEOR ProcessesSources and TypesNutrients & InjectionMechanismsScreening criteriaMethodologyCase StudyEconomicsLimitations and Environmental EffectsConclusion

Outlines

Shady

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Well Stimulation

Enhancing WaterfloodingPermeability ModificationWellbore Cleanup

MEOR Processes

Shady

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Indigenous

Less cost

Difficulty to achieve required reactions

External Source(Exogenous)Produce required productsInjected with nutrientsORInjection of metabolites

Source & Type

Source

M.Abdelaaty

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AerobicAnaerobicFacultative

Source & TypeType

M.Abdelaaty

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Essential nutrients

Nutrients

M.Abdelaaty

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Sugar, crude oilOxygenCarbon sourceFor aerobic cultures

Nutrients

M.Abdelaaty

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WaterNutrientsMicrobes

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

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InjectionInjectionMicrobialfloodingHuff and Puff

M.Abdelaaty

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Huff &Puff

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

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NutrientsMicrobesWaterInjectionINJECTION

Stimulation

M.Abdelaaty

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InjectionSHUT - IN

Stimulation

M.Abdelaaty

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InjectionPRODUCTION

ProductionStimulationFrom the same well

M.Abdelaaty

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Microbialflooding

Injection

M.Abdelaaty

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Injection

Enhancing waterflooding

M.Abdelaaty

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Microbes as Factory of Bio-chemicals

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Interfacial tensionWater mobilityOil mobility

Mechanisms

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Interfacial tensionMechanismProductReduction of IFTBio-surfactant

M. Fathy

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PERMEABILITY REDUCTION

Mechanisms

Water mobilityMechanismProductSelective pluggingBio-polymer

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Water mobilityPERMEABILITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Water mobility

PERMEABILITY REDUCTIONM. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Water mobility

PERMEABILITY REDUCTIONM. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Water mobilityMechanismProductWater thickeningBio-polymerVISCOSITY INCREASING

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismProductDissolution of carbonatesOrganic acidsPERMEABILITY INCREASING

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismProductDislodge debrisBio-gasPERMEABILITY INCREASING

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismProductEmulsionOrganic alcohols and bio-surfactantVISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismProductSwellingBio-gasVISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismProductOil dissolutionOrganic solventsVISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismHeatVISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityMechanismOil bio-degradationVISCOSITY REDUCTION

M. Fathy

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Mechanisms

Oil mobilityTitans new technology

M. Fathy

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GeophysicalGeochemicalOil properties

Screening criteria

M.AbdelMawgod

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Screening criteriaGeophysical

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> 50 cp

50 170 F100 120 F

> 20 cp, < 200 cp3 30 %< 8000 ft100 300 md3000 6000 ft> 10%TemperatureDepth> 50 mdPorosityPermeabilityViscosityScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum

M.AbdelMawgod

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Screening criteriaGeochemical

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0 -15 %< 20 %< 10 %< 150,000 ppm

5 - 9< 200 ppm6 - 8Carbonate< 100 ppmCarbonate,Sandstone,Granite, othersSalinityTDSHeavy metalspHLithologyScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum

M.AbdelMawgod

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Screening criteriaOil properties

M.AbdelMawgod

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Paraffinic/Asphaltic

> 25 %> 1550 %30 -40Paraffinic, Asphaltic,Naphthenic,OlefinicOil typeAPIOil saturationScreening criteriaFactorLimitsOptimum

M.Abdelmawgod

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MethodologyCharacterization of The Target Reservoir

Important in MEOR project.

Designing microbial treatment.

Identifying the directional flow characteristics of the reservoir.

Mostafa

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MethodologyThe Mineralogy of The Rock Formation

Characterized by core analysis

The effect of clay minerals in the pores.

The effect of rock mineralogy on transport of microbes.

Mostafa

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MethodologyExamination of The Produced Oil & Water

Water and oil samples were analyzed for microbial content.

These microorganisms might have adverse effect on the injected MEOR system or may be beneficial.

Indigenous microbes are used widely in the MEOR systems.

Mostafa

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MethodologyCare When Nutrients Are Injected

Ensure that the indigenous SRB* are either not stimulated or over grown.

SRB can produce H2S.

*SRB: Sulfate Reducing Bacteria

Mostafa

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MethodologyCompatibility testing of microbes with fluids

Compatibility testing of fluids must be performed with cores.

These tests will yield estimates of oil recovery efficiency.

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MethodologyQuality of The Injected Nutrients Must Be Studied

Compatibility testing with nutrients must be performed with cores .

The difference of nutrient composition affects the microbial growth and activity.

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Project Description

Lab. TestPilot Test

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3Field project scale

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Case Study

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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979

Oil production: 20 bbl/day

Objective: Well clean-out

Well: Low productionCase study

Doaa

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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979BacteriaNutrientsBacillusClostridiumUp to 105 to 106 cells/ml

Molasses (4 %)

(NH4)3PO4 (0.02 %)

Case study

Doaa

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Well stimulation, USA, Johnson, 1979

Process:

Huff and Puff

Shut-in for 4 weeks

Increase production 350 %Case study

Doaa

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Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988

Problem: High oil viscosity (21 API)

Unfavorable mobility ratio

Inefficient waterfloodingCase study

M.Alaa

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Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988BacteriaNutrients-Clostridium:High producer of CO2 and alcohols

Water 10,000bblFree corn syrup 200,000lbSome mineral salts

Case study

M.Alaa

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Process:

Injection

Shut-in for 7 days

Returning to production

Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988Case study

M.Alaa

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Results:Reduction of oil viscosity by CO2

Improve mobility ratio and sweep efficiency by organic butanol

Leading to enhancing oil recovery

Microbialflooding, USA, Davidson et al, 1988Case study

M.Alaa

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Economics

Microbes and nutrients are relatively cheap materials.

Cost is independent on oil prices.

Implementation needs minor modifications to field facilities.

Economics

M.Alaa

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Economically attractive for marginal producing wells.

The total cost of incremental oil production from MEOR is only 2 3 $/bbl.

Economics

M.Alaa

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SurfactantCO2 InjectionThermalPolymerWaterfloodingMEORTotal recovery, % OOIPIncremental oil cost, $/bbl

Economics

M.Alaa

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Limitations

Enas

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Limitations

Mineral content

Increasing salinity absorbs water from the microbe and negatively affects its growth

Enas

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Limitations

Reservoir parameters

Permeability, temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, etc affects selection of our types and our growth

Enas

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Limitations

Study of bacteria metabolism, and relation to subsurface environment, need great effort

Lack of experience

Enas

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Limitations

Sulfate-reducing bacteria

Produce H2S and SO2Causing bio-corrosion of the equipment, and contamination of ground water

Enas

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More friendlyProduce organic chemicalsless harmful than synthetic chemicals used by otherEOR methods

Effects on Environment

Enas

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Conclusion

Shady

EOR Methods are specific for specific reservoirs.

Usage of microbes is to produce Bio-chemicals.

Effect of reservoir conditions.

MEOR is economical method.

64

Donaldson, E.C.; Chilingarian, G.V.; and Yen, T.F., "Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Vol. 22, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989

El-Tayeb, S.A.; Abdallah, Abdel Waly; Sayyouh, M.H. and Samir, M.A., Tertiary Oil Recovery from Egyptian Reservoirs by New Method (Bacteria for Increasing Oil Recovery), Report 1; Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Jan, 2003

Sayyouh, M.H.; Al-Blehed, M.S.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Possible Applications of MEOR to the Arab Oil Fields," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 5, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1991)

Al-Blehed, M.S.; Sayyouh, M.H.; Shoeb, H.A.; Awwad, A.M.; Desouky, S.M.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Laboratory Investigation of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 8, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1994)

References

L. Bryant, Steven, The University of Texas at Austin; and P. Lockhart, Thomas SPE, Enitecnologie, " Reservoir Engineering Analysis of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery," SPE 63229 presentation at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 14 October 2000

M. Amro, Mohamed, SPE, King Saud University, "Multidisciplinary Challenge for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)," SPE 120820 presented at the 2008 Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium held in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, 1012 May 2008

Maudgalya, Saikrishna, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum Corp.; and M. Knapp, Roy, SPE; and J. McInerny, Michael, SPE, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Microbial Enhanced oil Recovery Technologies: A Review of the Past, Present, and Future," SPE 106978 presented at the 2007 SPE Production and Operations Symposium held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 31 March3 April 2007

References

R. Vazquez-Duhalt and R. Quintero-Ramirez (Editors), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 151, Chapter 15, Biotechnological approach for development of microbial enhanced oil recovery technique, Fujiwara, K.; Sugai, Y.; Yazawa, N.; Ohno, K. ; Hong, C.X. and Enomoto, H., Elsevier B .V., 2004

Feng, Qing-xian; and Zhou, Jia-xi, SPE, Chen, Zhi-yu; Wang, Xiao-lin; and Ni, Fang-tian, SPE, and Huai-jun Yang, Research Centre of Dagang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Study on EOR Mechanisms by Microbial Flooding, SPE 79176 presented at the 26th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Abuja, Nigeria, 5-7 August, 2002

Kowalewski, E.; Rueslatten, I.; Boassen, T.; Sunde, E.; and Stensen, J.A., Statoil ASA.; Lillebo, B.L.P.; Bodtker, G.; and Torsvik, T., UNIFOB AS, Analyzing Microbial Improved Oil Recovery Processes from Core Floods," IPTC 10924 presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Doha, Qatar, 21 23 November,2005

References

Websiteshttp://www.bioportal.gc.ca

http://www.agen.ufl.edu

http://www.msstate.edu

http://www.bnet.com

http://www.microbesinc.com

http://www.teriin.org

http://www.titanoilrecovery.com

Special ThanksProf. Dr./ Mohamed Helmy SayyouhMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

Prof. Dr./ El-Sayed Ahmed El-TayebMining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

Till the last dropOil is ours

THANK YOU