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“Green roofs and living walls as tools of Green infrastructure against global
warming” Grey–blue-green
Manfred Köhler University of Applied Sciences koehler@hs-nb.de
President WGIN www.gruendach-mv.de , www.worldgreenroof.org Nature base solution, Nov. 2015, Bonn, Version: 28.09.2015
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
The green infrastructure family grow. About 30 national organizations world wide.
Timeline of WGIC congresses: 2010 (Toronto) to 2015 (Tsingtao) here 2012: Hangzhou- China;
2013: Nantes, 2014: Sydney, 2015: Nagoya, Next: 2016: Bogota, 2017: Berlin.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1. Definition Green infrastructure 1.1 Green roofs – Extensive – Intensive, 1.2 Green facades, 1.3 Indoor Greening. 2. The urban heat island 3. Functional solution: Greenery, initiating the small water cycle. 4. Discussion: Incentives versus legal regulation, 6. Green infrastructure politics – future goals.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
Resource: for this speech: -2015: Green Cities in the World (WGIN publication), and: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/terminology/sitesearch?term=green+roofs
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.1 Green roofs, history: - Old Tar paper roofs Holzzementdächer TPG (blue) - New extensive Green roofs MEG (rot) (aus: Köhler u. Poll, 2010):
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.1: Potential of Green roofs – urban biodiversity Example Green roof Center – Neubrandenburg, Germany
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.1.: Roof gardens – Additional urban amenity space in Cities.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
Green roofs: from old (fire protection, insulation) to new functions: Examples from Berlin.
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.2: Green facades: example: One Central. by Jean Nouvel, and Patrick Blanc see: the plant species list inside.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.2: Construction details: Living walls: Climber Gabion-
type Small Boxes /
Horizontal Wall modular
systems Geotextile, Geovliese
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Biodiversity of Green roof and living walls , WGIC 2015 1.3: Potential of Indoor greening – Example in Germany.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.3: Potential of Indoor greening! Example: Pasona in Tokio – Japan
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1.3: Potential of Indoor greening: Example Germany: more than 500 species are possible. FLL-issue 2011, update for 2016 www.fll.de
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2. The urban heat island: The situation: (Functional solution by this against global warming: and the small water cycle.)
Urban heat island – effects: - Buildings with high heat storage capacity
(consequence: hot nights in summer), - Lack of Vegetation (missing shade and
evaporation cooling, - Rain: Too quick run off.
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1 The urban heat island: Solutions: Inition of the local water cycle as solution: - Saving open and greened spaces. - Retaining and evaporating precipitation - Intallation Vegetation where it is possible. Quantification:
- CO2-fixation (in Konzentration) - Additional insulation (u-Value) - Cooling load (Evaporation in kJoule/day).
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1.1 Solution: Local water retention: Building greenery and evaporation: Energetic process (black roof versus green roof) Blue evaporation by plants
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1.2 Solution: Local water retention: Building greenery More: http://www.kuras-projekt.de/
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1.3 Solution: Local water retention: in parks, where ever it is possible. Singapore and Bishan Park project (Atelier Dreisaitl). Kuras partner.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1.4 Solution: Green-roof evaporation. Non- and irrigated solutions. Data collection by lysimeter technology.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.1.4 Solution details: Calculation of the active energy use by vegetation. Green roof 2.0: Evapotranspiration up to 5 l/m² and day.
Non-irrigated ……. rain water irrigated green roof.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
2.2 The Green roof solution 2.0: The rain water irrigated green roof. - Summer evaporation 3-5 liter / m².
- (measured Lysimeter, simulated: Envimet). - Higher Biodiversity (Plant lists from several
projects). - Higher visual quality for citizens (Questionaire
to involve citizens).
Biodiversity roofs in Brno/Czech
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
4. Discussion: Incentives versus legal regulation - Money saving by green infrastructure, - Make compact Cities more liveable – social
interaction e.g. on community gardens. - Bringing back biodiversity to town.
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
4.1 Case study Germany: Incentives versus legal regulation - What performs better? Guidelines are the key
Titel der PPT – im Master einzugeben
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
4.1 Example Berlin: obligatory building codes, and demonstration projects? 13 case studies are available online for download: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/oekologisches_bauen/de/ausstellung/index.shtml
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
1. City level – Case studies from Germany:
FBB: survey: www.FBB.de about 1/3 of all German Cites have related regulation. Examples: Berlin: Case studies – information politics, building codes, Hamburg: New incentive programme 2015
Koehler: Nature based solution 2015
5. Green roofs – Green infrastructure politics Best current situations: around 1 sqmeter Green roof/ inhabitant (example Berlin) = 8% Green roof space today. Aim in the EU by EFB: (http://www.efb-greenroof.eu/index_de.html ) 2030: 5sqmeter/ inhabitant.
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