Managing Industrial Stormwater - Salem€¦ · Manufactured Downspout System Aquip® enhanced...

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

MANAGING INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER

Ayn Generes, PE, CPSWQ Mid-Willamette Stormwater Summit

January 28, 2015

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Topics Industry Challenges What does Tier II

mean? What facilities can

do now Looking ahead to

treatment options

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Industrial Stormwater Challenges Large impervious areas High truck and/or forklift traffic Older facilities with aging infrastructure Ongoing stormwater sampling Pollutant Benchmarks Corrective Actions

– Tier I Operational and Structural BMPs – Tier II Treatment BMPs

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Tier II Corrective Action

Geomean > Benchmark – Triggered June 30 of second permit year

Revised SWPCP Requirements: – Revise SWPCP by PE or CEG – Rational for treatment BMP selection – Projected pollutant reduction – Due December 31 of third permit year

Treatment BMP Installation by June 30 of fourth permit year

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Tier II Corrective Action (continued)

88 NW Facilities in Tier II = 30% TSS,

17%

Zn, 89%

Cu, 40%

Pb, 7% pH, 2%

Pollutant Benchmark (mg/L)

TSS 100

Zn 0.12

Cu 0.02

Pb 0.04

pH 5.5 – 9 SU

% = Percent of facilities exceeding pollutant benchmark Based on 2013-2014 Permit Year Discharge Monitoring Reports in Northwest Region

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Source Evaluation Investigate Sources of Zinc and Copper

ZINC COPPER

GALVANIZED ROOF PAINTED ROOF (ZINC IN PAINT) TIRE WEAR (FORKLIFTS & TRUCKS) GALVANIZED FENCING LARGE STORAGE TANKS SCRAP METAL PILES MOSS REMOVAL

BRAKE DUST METAL MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING MARINE – BOTTOM BOAT PAINT PESTICIDES AND FUNGISIDES

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Operational BMPs

Good Housekeeping – BMPs implemented for ongoing maintenance and cleanup of areas which may contribute pollutant to stormwater

BEFORE AFTER

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Operational BMPs

Sweep paved surfaces with vacuum sweeper Identify and control all on-site sources of dust Prompt spill clean up Inspect and maintain bag houses Keep all dumpsters under cover or with a lid

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Structural BMPs

Minimize Exposure Keep as much

industrial activity as possible indoors

Secondarily contain all materials (hazardous/ non-hazardous)

Dedicate maintenance to a specific area

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Other Structural BMPs Re-route downspout

discharge – Route so not sheet

flowing across industrial area

Fix alligator pavement – Re-surface asphalt

Add berms to divert flow

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Sampling Considerations Increase Number of Samples

– Only useful when monitoring results just over benchmarks

– First implement corrective actions – Must still be 14 days apart to count – Just for pollutants of concern

• Only sample parameters that are over benchmark

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Additional Sampling Example

No Sample Month

Zinc (ug/L)

Copper (ug/L)

1 November 240 30

2 December 240 30

3 February 100 15

4 April 80 15

Geomean 146.5 21.2

Benchmark 120 20

Outcome Geomean > Benchmark

Tier II Required

EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2

No Sample Month

Zinc (ug/L)

Copper (ug/L)

1 November 240 30

2 December 240 30

3 January 100 15

4 February 100 15

5 March 80 15

6 April 60 12

Geomean 118.5 18.2

Benchmark 120 20

Outcome Geomean < Benchmark

NO Tier II

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Sampling Considerations (continued)

Particle Size Distribution (PSD) – Establishes Sand/Silt/Clay mix

Dissolved Metals Sampling – Determine Dissolved versus Total

Zinc & Copper Isotope Ratio Analysis – Assists with determining source of zinc and copper – Useful for large facilities with a mix of sources

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

TREATMENT BMPS Looking ahead…

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Catch Basin Inserts

Easy to retrofit Consider drainage area size Low influent concentrations Consider frequency of

maintenance! – May require frequent media

replacement

Photo courtesy of CleanWay Environmental Partners

Photo courtesy of Oldcastle Stormwater Solutions

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Treatment BMP Selection Pollutants of Concern

– One parameter or multiple? – TSS concentration can effect BMP

choice – Removal efficiency range

Treatment Train Approach – One system might not remove all

pollutants – Remove oil & grease first!

Footprint Cost

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Green Infrastructure Bio-swales, ponds, filter strips Engineered design

– Infiltration testing – Soil mixture – Types of plants

Plants uptake metals Not ideal for phosphorus

reduction if using underdrain Consider TSS loading

– Pretreatment may be required

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Green Infrastructure Stormwater Re-use

– Requires storage tanks – Consider water balance

Roof Discharge to Underground Injection Control (UIC) May allow for Tier II Waiver

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Tier II Waiver

Alternative to installing treatment system Implement volume reduction measures

– Show mass load of pollutants below the mass equivalent of the benchmarks

– Mass load analysis required – Low impact development practices, i.e.

infiltration or injection

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Swale + Filtration Quarter Location Turbidity Percent

Removal Total

Copper Percent Removal

Total Zinc

Percent Removal

2014 Q1 Influent 463 99% 59.7 97% 431 98% Effluent 6.22 2 9.27 Benchmark --> 25 NTU 14 µg/L 117 µg/L

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Downspout BMP Considerations Infiltration

– Underground Injection Control (UIC) rules

Zinc Influent Concentrations – High concentrations can effect performance and

maintenance

Downspout Roof Area – Know roof area to size BMP correctly – Combine downspouts or treat individually

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Design-Build Downspout Filter “Grattix” by Port of Vancouver

staff User-Build Option Treats ≈ 5,000 sf / box Design Flow = 10 gpm Adsorption media volume ≈ 4 cf

– 10 inches of Bio-retention soil mix (60% compost, 40% sand)

– Variety of media options http://www.portvanusa.com/assets/Grattix-how-to-flyer.pdf

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Design-Build Downspout Filter

Facility: Fertilizer Distributor

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2/2011 9/2011 4/2012 10/2012 5/2013 11/2013 6/2014

Zinc

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/L)

Sampling Results with BMPs

Sweeping Downspout Filter

BM

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Manufactured Downspout System Aquip® enhanced filtration

system by StormwateRx Design Flow = 10 gpm Roof Area ≈ 5,500 sf* Adsorptive media volume ≈ 10 cf Handles high zinc concentrations Shown good media longevity

* Based on City of Portland water quality storm (0.2”/hr)

Photo courtesy of StormwateRx

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Manufactured Downspout System

0 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Average Influent (n = 6)

Average Effluent (n = 6)

Tota

l Zin

c (u

g/L)

Influent & Effluent Aquip Data 420 8

16.7

Data provided by StormwateRx

Photo courtesy of StormwateRx

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Manufactured Treatment BMPs Request Performance Data

– Look for influent concentrations similar to your facility

Similar Installations – Ask for case studies of similar applications

Approved Systems – Washington’s TAPE protocol – City of Portland Stormwater Management Manual

• Can use Performance Based Criteria

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Cartridge Filters

Light Industrial Facilities Low Influent

Concentrations – Influent Zn ≈ 200–300 ug/L – Influent Cu ≈ 25 – 30 ug/L

Below Ground – Saves footprint – Maintenance could be a concern

Example: Contech StormFilter, Oldcastle PerkFilter

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Enhanced Sand Filter

Handles Variety of Pollutants

Medium Influent Concentrations – Influent Zn ≈ 500–600 ug/L – Influent Cu ≈ 300 ug/L

Above Ground – Low head pump requires little power – Very visible for inspections

Simple Operation & Maintenance Example: StormwateRx Aquip

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Advanced Treatment Systems Chitosan Enhanced Sand Filter

(CESF) – Treatability testing for selecting

right chitosan/ polymer – Automated dosing and

recirculation Electro Coagulation (EC)

– Typically Combined with Clarification, Media Filtration and pre/post pH Adjustment

– Large Power Source Required Trained Operator Required

Photo courtesy of Watertechtonics *Treatment Train Approach

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Reload & Recycling Center

Chitosan Enhanced Sand Filter: 85 gpm 42,000 Gal Storage Tank, Chitosan liquid injection, and 3-24” Pressure Sand Filter, with PLC Logic Controller

Quarter Location Turbidity Percent Removal

Total Copper %RE Total

Zinc Percent Removal

2014 Q1 Influent 229 99.6% 380 99.7% 2,320 99.6% Effluent 1 1.08 8.28 Benchmark --> 10 NTU 14 µg/L 117 µg/L

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

Operation & Maintenance Is an Operator Required?

– Knowledgeable technician may be needed to correctly operate system

How Frequent? – Know the frequency for any maintenance

What does Maintenance Cost? – Media replacement costs & disposal requirements – Labor costs

Source Evaluation • Where are pollutants

coming from?

Implement BMPs • Improve

Housekeeping • Rerouting

downspouts • More sweeping

Additional Sampling • Additional

compliance sampling

• Hot spots • PSD • Dissolved/Total

Metals

Treatment BMP • Green

Infrastructure • Infiltration • Downspout

Treatment • End of Pipe

Treatment

Managing Industrial Stormwater

SoundEarth Strategies, Inc.

QUESTIONS?

Ayn Generes, PE, CPSWQ Regional Stormwater Program Manager

ageneres@soundearthinc.com (503) 715-7987

www.soundearth.com