LNG Fuelled Ships - IENE...LNG Fuelled Ships 2013-03-06 Current and forecast of global LNG bunkering...

TERIAKIDIS G. 2013-03-06

LNG Fuelled Ships

IENE Energy & Shipping

LNG Fuelled Ships

2013-03-06

Topics Current situation in shipping

LNG: Why ?

LNG fuelled vessels

Propulsion and tanks

Supply of LNG fuel

Examples of bunkering

Conclusions

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Current situation

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Demanding regulatory timeline

CO2 SOx NOx Ballast

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What should owners do ?

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Requirement 2010: SOx < 1,0% 2015: SOx < 0,1%

Compliance option • HFO + scrubber • Distillate fuels • LNG

Existing fleet

Requirement 2011: NOx Tier 2 2016: NOx Tier 3

Compliance option • Scrubber + SCR • LNG

Newbuilds

Environmental requirements are on the rise

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Ok… but why LNG ?

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The NOx fund: The alternative to governmental NOx tax!

Fund’s finances: - Oil and gas producers pay to the fund 1 850 USD per ton NOx emitted - All other emitters pay to the fund 670 USD per ton NOx emitted (30’-50‘ USD/year) - Total disposable funds for NOx reducing measures: 300 M USD

The fund has been prolonged until 2018 due to its recognized success.

No NOx-Tax

NOx-Fund

NOx-Tax 2700 USD/ton NOx

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Source: EIA

Current LNG fuel sales price in Norway

Growing predicted price disparity oil /gas

Increasing distillate

prices (demand/

production)?

LNG fuel price

development?

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Cost of fuel is the key parameter

Ref: PriceWaterhouseCoopers and US Energy Information Administration

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So… are there any such ships ?

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Situation prior to 2000

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2000…GLUTRA

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The technology is available and in use today…

2020 guess:

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Examples

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Examples

Source: Rolf Jensen, GL, LR, Viking Line Buguerbus

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The LNG fuelled fleet in service and on order

Ships in operation Confirmed orderbook Year Type of vessel Owner Class Engine type 2000 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2003 PSV Simon Møkster DNV DF 2003 PSV Eidesvik DNV DF 2006 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2008 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV DF 2009 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV DF 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV Gas+Diesel 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV Gas+Diesel 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV Gas+Diesel 2009 Patrol vessel REM DNV Gas+Diesel 2009 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Patrol vessel REM DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Patrol vessel REM DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas+Diesel 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fosen Namsos Sjø DNV Gas+Diesel 2011 PSV DOF DNV DF 2011 Chemical tanker Tarbit Shipping GL DF 2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2011 PSV Solstad Rederi DNV DF

Year Type of vessel Owner Class Engine type 2012 General Cargo Nordnorsk Shipping DNV Gas 2012 PSV Olympic Shipping DNV DF 2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV DF 2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV DF 2012 Ro-Ro Sea-Cargo DNV Gas 2012 Ro-Ro Sea-Cargo DNV Gas 2012 High speed RoPax Buquebus DNV DF Turbine 2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV Gas+Diesel 2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV Gas+Diesel 2012 PSV REM DNV DF 2013 General Cargo Eidsvaag Gas 2013 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV Gas 2013 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV Gas 2013 RoPax Torghatten Nord DNV Gas 2013 RoPax Torghatten Nord DNV Gas 2013 RoPax Torghatten Nord DNV Gas 2013 RoPax Torghatten Nord DNV Gas 2013 RoPax Viking Line LR DF 2013 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. Marine ABS DF 2013 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. Marine ABS DF 2013 Patrol vessel Finish Border Patrol DF 2013 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries DF 2014 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries DF

Planned conversion Year Type of vessel Owner 2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV Gas 2011 Inland/port tanker Argonon/Deen LR DF

DF= Dual Fuel engine Gas+Diesel= Separate LNG and diesel fuelled engines Gas= Lean burn (mono fuel) LNG engine

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Propulsion & tanks

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Propulsion systems and fuel combinations

Source: Marintek

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Test of ME GI engine and fuel supply of HHI in November 2012

Source: HHI

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Tank location

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Coast guard vessels- delivered 2009/2010 Power take in from LNG fuelled engines, to be used in normal operation

Diesel engine to be used as backup, and for full speed operation

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Supply of LNG fuel

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Current and forecast of global LNG bunkering infrastructure by 2020

Existing Planned (Feasibility study, risk study, proposed locations, pending approval) Proposed (currently being discussed)

* See detailed map

Bass Strait

Europe*

Tokyo Bay Busan Fujairah

Singapore

Incheon

Shaanxi

Buenos Aires

New York

Fourchon

Tadoussac

Tacoma

Duluth

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29 30 31

34 33 32

LNG Bunkering supply in Europe by 2020

1. Florø 2. CCB 3. Halhjem 4. Snurrevarden 5. Risavika

Existing

22. Gothenborg 23. Pori 24. Turku 25. Sillamäe 26. Helsinki 27. Paldiski 28. Riga 29. Swinoujscie 30. Lubeck 31. Rostock 32. Helsingborg 33. Copenhagen 34. Aarhus 35. Aberdeen 36. Dunkerque 37. Marseilles 38. Barcelona 39. Algeciras

Proposed

Planned 6. Bodø 7. Mongstad 8. Øra 9. Lysekil 10. Porvoo 11. Stockholm 12. Tallin 13. Klapeida 14. Hirtshals 15. Brunsbüttel 16. Hamburg 17. Rotterdam 18. Antwerp 19. Zeebrugge 20. Ghent 21. Vestbase

Existing Planned (Feasibility study, risk study, proposed locations, pending approval) Proposed (currently being discussed)

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Bunkering alternatives in Norway

Source: Marintek

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Ship to ship (STS) operation

Source: Marintek

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Purpose built LNG distribution and bunker

Pictures courtesy Veka-Group

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Examples of bunkering

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Bunkering

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LNG bunkering station, Ågotnes Jetty with

bunkering equipment

Shore based LNG tank

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Onshore tank arrangement

LNG piping arranged underground

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Jetty/ LNG piping

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LNG transfer equipment

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Supervision from ECR (2)

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Ongoing transfer

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LNG flange

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Halhjem: 1000 m3 tanks for bunkering

Source: M. Andreola

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Conclusions

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Conclusions

Challenging years ahead

Target: Vessel emissions

Various solutions - Scrubbers - SCRs - LNG

Small coastal vessels: - steady increase

Larger vessels: - Region of trading - Frequency of trading - Space ! - Case to case

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Safeguarding life, property and the environment

www.dnv.com

LNG Fuelled Ships - IENE...LNG Fuelled Ships 2013-03-06 Current and forecast of global LNG bunkering...

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