Life Energy Processes

Life Energy ProcessesPhotosynthesisRespiration

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PHOTOSYNTHESISLight ReactionDark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

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PhotosynthesisProcess in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide and energy from the sun producing glucose and oxygen

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conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the green pigment chlorophyll.

the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar

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process uses water and releases the

oxygen

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Site of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast is an

organelle that

contain chlorophyl

l and other

pigments (carotenoi

d)

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Parts of Chloroplast1.THYLAKOID – disk –

shape (like pancake) structures that contain photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll)

2.GRANA – a group / stack of thylakoid

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3. STROMA- gel – like matrix surrounding the thylakoid

4. PHOTOSYSTEMS- energy collecting units of the chloroplast (reaction center)

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Photons – are packets of energy and the smallest visible unit of light

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Two Stages of Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 12H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O2

+6H2O

LIGHT

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Light ReactionLight Dependent Reaction

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LIGHT REACTIONConverts light energy to ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Occurs in the thylakoid

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Step 1

Light is absorbed by PHOTOSYSTEM II is used

to split water

releasing O2, H ions

and energized electrons

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Step 2

Hydrogen ions pass through

ATP synthase

to convert ADP to ATP.

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Step 3

Electrons released by Photosystem II are energized by Photosystem I. Electrons are picked up by NADP+ to form a high –energy NADPH

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Step 4

ATP and NADPH are used in the

dark reaction as source of energy

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Photosystem II

Splits water

HydrogenOxygen

ADP

ATP

Photosystem I

+ P

+ NAPD+

NAPDH

NAPD+

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Dark ReactionCalvin CycleCarbon Fixing CycleLight Independent Reaction

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Carbon Fixing ReactionUse the products of light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to convert carbon dioxide to sugar (glucose)

Occurs in the stroma

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Step 1

3 molecules

of CO2

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Step 2

3 molecules of Rubisco (RuBP) use to combine

with 3 molecules of CO2 to

produce 6C unstable

3PGA

P P

P P

P P

3 molecules of5C RUBP

3 molecules ofCO2

+

PP

PP

PP

6C 3PGAunstable

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Step 3

6 molecules

of PGA combined

with 6 molecules

of ATP that

results to 6

molecules of PGAL

and 6 ADP

6 3C PGA

+PP

PP

PP

P APP

P AP

P APP

P APP

P APP

P APP

P APP

6 ATP

PP

PP

PP PP

PP

PP

P AP

P AP

P AP

P AP

P AP

6 ADP6 PGAL

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Step 4

6 molecules of PGAL

binds with 6

molecules of NADPH

that results to 6 molecules

Highly energized

PGAL

PP

PP

PP PP

PP

PP NADPH NADPH

NADPH NADPH

NADPH NADPH+

6 PGAL 6 NADPH

PP

PP

PP

6 PGALHighly Energized

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Step 5

The 6 highly

energized PGAL

splits into 5

molecules of PGAL and 1

molecule of PGAL

PP

P

P

PP

PP

PP

PP

6 PGALHighly Energized

5 PGAL

1 PGAL

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Step 7

The 6 highly

energized PGAL

splits into 5

molecules of PGAL and 1

molecule of PGAL

PP

P

P

PP

5 PGAL

1 PGAL

P APP

P APP

P APP+3 ATP

P P

P P

P P

3 molecules of5C RUBP

Glucose

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Light Reaction

Dark Reaction

Site Thylakoid Stroma

Raw Materials

WaterADP, NADP, P

Carbon Dioxide,

RuDPNADPH, ATP

ProductsOxygen

ATP, NADPHGlucose

ADP, NADP

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RespirationCalvin CycleCarbon Fixing CycleLight Independent Reaction

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Cellular Respiration Overview

Transformation of chemical energy in food into chemical energy cells can use: ATPOverall Reaction:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

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Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis:

Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen

Respiration:

Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon Dioxide

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Two Pathways

Anaerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

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Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Oxygen is required1. Glycolysis2. Kreb’s Cycle3. Electron Transport

Chain

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Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begins with

GLYCOLYSIS

GLYCOLYSIS

conversion of glucose to pyruvatereleases energy in the form of ATP

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Kreb’s Cycle Also called as CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Completes the breakdown of glucose and forms a 6 Carbon compound called citric acid

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Electron Transport Chain

The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH in chain-like a series of steps (staircase).

As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP

Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water

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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

No oxygen used= ‘an’aerobic

Fermentation is the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast

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Fermentationthe anaerobic

conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and

alcohol

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Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration

Process that releases some energy from glucose when no oxygen is present

Alcohol Fermentation

the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate

to Ethanol

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Plants, yeast and few microbes

Alcohol Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate

to lactic acid

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Lactic Acid

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Photosynthesis – Cellular Respiration comparison

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Function Energy capture Energy release

Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria

Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2

Products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O

Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O light>

C6H12O6 + 6O2

6O2 + C6H12O6

6CO2 +6H2O +

energy

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis RespirationRespiration

Raw Raw MaterialsMaterials

Water and Carbon Water and Carbon DioxideDioxide

Oxygen and Oxygen and SugarSugar

ProductsProducts Oxygen and SugarOxygen and Sugar Water and Water and Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

WhereWhere ChloroplastChloroplast MitochondriaMitochondria

EnergyEnergy StoredStored ReleasedReleased

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