1.4 HOW ORGANISMS USE ENERGY

1.4 How Organisms Use Energy

Organisms use energy to carry out life processes

Life processes – things an organism must do to stay alive.

WHAT ARE SOME LIFE PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN LIVING THINGS?

1.4 Life Processes

1. Ingestion

2. Digestion

3. Excretion

4. Transport

INGESTION

iii. Ingestion - process of taking in food

Living things need food because it gives them nutrients

Nutrients – chemical substances that are needed for growth and energy

How do you think plants get nutrients?

Examples of nutrients?

DIGESTION

Digestion – process of breaking down food so that it can be used by living things

Food needs to be broken down during digestion before the organism can

use the nutrients!

Can you identify the digestive organs in your body?

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration – process by which a cell releases energy (ATP) from food molecules (glucose) for the organism to use.

-occurs in the mitochondria of cells-Food is originally in the form of sugars!

(glucose)

-Sugars are broken down while energy is releasedByproducts – something produced in addition to

the main product.

What are the byproducts of cellular respiration?

byproducts = carbon dioxide + water

EXCRETION…ewww

Excretion – process of gettingrid of wastes.

-excretion & defication

Waste products (all different types) are formed during life processes.

Organisms must get rid of the waste!

What are some waste products?

TRANSPORT

Transport – process of moving nutrients and wastes in a living thing

-After digesting food (in the intestines) the nutrients must be carried to all parts of the living thing to be utilized.

How do nutrients get carried throughout the body?

-by the blood-by diffusion into and out of cells

1-5 Organisms Respond to Change

Stimulus – a change that causes a response

Organisms respond to stimuli in different ways.

The way organisms respond to stimuli is called behavior.

1-5

Behaviors can be:

-Learned behaviors -

-Instinct behaviors -

Two examples of BehaviorMigration- seasonal movements of

animals from one place to another (warmer or safer) and back

Hibernation- inactive state of some animals during winter months (ex. Bear)

Practice…Use the behaviors shown below and create

a list of instinctive behaviors and a list of learned behaviors.

Playing piano

Washing your hands

Buttoning your shirt

Blinking your eyes

Laughing

A plant turning to face the sun

Your heart pumping

Cooking dinner

Breathing

Responses to Stimuli are like Cause and Effect Relationships

Stimulus = CauseResponse = Effect

Example: The boy laughed after hearing a funny joke.

Example: The boy laughed after hearing a funny joke.