Lee Hoke Retired FORMER MANAGER OF PHILIPS-MAGNAVOX TV SET ENGINEERING

Lee Hoke Retired

FORMER MANAGER OF

PHILIPS-MAGNAVOX TV SET

ENGINEERING

WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE OLD FRIEND TV SET THAT WE GREW UP WITH?

1930’s SEVERAL TV SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATED

The 1939 Worlds Fair opened with a speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which NBC teamed with RCA to beam across the city in the first large-scale display of television.

MAY 1941 – NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS

COMMITTEE (NTSC) STANDARD FOR B&W TV WAS ADOPTED BY FCC.

Retrace

White

Black

1930’s SEVERAL TV SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATED

MAY 1941 – NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS

COMMITTEE (NTSC) STANDARD FOR B&W TV WAS ADOPTED BY FCC.

1953 - NTSC COLOR TV STANDARD ADOPTED

JAN. 1, 1954 - FIRST NATIONAL COLOR TV BROADCAST – ‘TOURNAMENT OF ROSES’

COLOR BAR TEST PATTERN

TRI-GUN CATHODE RAY TUBE

INSIDE A TRIGUN COLOR PICTURE TUBE

L R

STEREO SOUND

dbx companding

Separate Audio Program

(Spanish)

March 1984 - BROADCAST TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (BTSC) STANDARD ADOPTED FOR

MULTICHANNEL TV SOUND.

WIDE SCREEN

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY

HIGHDEFINITION

WIDE SCREEN

DESIRE FOR MOVIE-LIKE PRESENTATION vs. 4 X 3 (1.33 : 1) TV DISPLAY

STANDARD 35mm MOVIE - 2.1 : 1

CINEMASCOPE & PANAVISION 35mm ANAMORPHIC 2.40 : 1

1959 BEN-HUR 2.76 : 1

1980’S ANALOG WIDE SCREEN TV – WHY NOT?A WIDER PICTURE WOULD REQUIRE MORE TRANSMITTED DATA

TV CHANNEL WIDER THAN 6 MHz WAS NOT POSSIBLE

ANY NEW SIGNAL CONFIGURATION WOULD HAVE TO BE COMPATIBLE FOR OLDER SETS

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: TRANSMIT STANDARD 4 X 3 PICTURE AND ENCODE SIDE-PANELS BACK INTO MAIN CHANNEL SIMILAR TO THE TECHNIQUE FOR COLOR IN 1950’S

WIDE SCREEN / HIGH DEFINITION ACTIVITIES ELSEWHERE

JAPAN - LATE 1970’S ‘MUSE’ SYSTEM

1125 LINES X 60 FRAMES

EUROPE EBU – EARLY 1980’S ‘EUREKA’

1250 LINES X 50 FRAMES

FORMATION OF

ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (ATSC) 1982

TECHNICAL PROPOSALS

DEMONSTRATIONS

DISCUSSIONS

A HANDFULL OF TV SET & BROADCAST COMPANIES

‘THE GRAND ALLIANCE’1993

AT&T, GENERAL INSTRUMENTS, MIT, PHILIPS, SARNOFF, THOMPSON & ZENITH

4 COMPETING DIGITAL SYSTEMS

RESOLVED INTO 1 SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE OPTIONS

WHY DIGITAL TV ?

Analog B/W TV system dates to prior WW-2.

Color was added in 1953 SO, IT’S OLD !!!! Technology marches on!!

Nearly all the other household electronics devices are digital - - DVD, Audio CD, Camera, Computer, Satellite TV, Satellite Radio.

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

1982–1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

1982–1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests

1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

1982–1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests

1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith

Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

1982–1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests

1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith

Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard

Nov 1998 – 10 largest markets begin broadcast

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

1982 – Adv. TV Systems Committee formed (ATSC) (High Def. TV)

1982–1992 Numerous HDTV System proposals & tests

1993 – Formation of Grand Alliance –AT&T, Sarnoff Research, Philips, Thomson (RCA) & Zenith

Feb 1995 – ATSC approves Digital TV Standard

Nov 1998 – 10 largest markets begin broadcast

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

HISTORICAL DATES IN DEVELOPMENT of DIGITAL TV

2006 – All O-T-A stations broadcast only digital signal

BUREAUCRATIC ITEMS –

FCC Comm. Act of 1996

Spectrum Recovery

All future stations will be located between Ch. 7 & 51. Elimination of TV from Ch. 2-6, 52-69

Sale of these abandoned channels by lottery for use by safety, mobile phone and other services.

Result: Mega$ to U.S. Treasury

2 - 6 7 - 13 14 - 51 - 69 - 83

O.T.A. TV CHANNELS

BROADCAST FREQUENCY (MHz)

50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900

ORIGINAL TV CHANNELS1945 - 1982

VHF UHF

2 - 6 7 - 13 14 - 51 - 69 - 83

O.T.A. TV CHANNELS

BROADCAST FREQUENCY (MHz)

50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 900

REVISED TV CHANNELS

1982 & 1996

VHF UHF

ANALOG UHF CHANNEL TABOOS

CHANNELS WITHIN 60 MILES WHICH CAUSE INTERFERENCE WITH DESIRED CHANNEL

-14 -8 -7 -5 -4 -2 -1 +1+2 +4+5 +7+8 +14

DESIREDCHANNEL

FO

X 4

1

27 33 34 36 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 49 55

WLKY 32

TABOO CHANNELS

LOUISVILLE’S DIGITAL BROADCAST CHANNELS

Call Letters Affil. Old New

WAVE NBC 3 47

WHAS ABC 11 11

WLKY CBS 32 26

WDRB FOX 41 49

WKPC PBS 15 17

WBNA ION 21 8

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

2. Higher picture detail in same channel space

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

2. Higher picture detail in same channel space

3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format

NEW PICTURE SIZE

16 : 9 LENGTH TO WIDTH RATIO

16

9

NEW PICTURE SIZE

16 : 9 LENGTH TO WIDTH RATIO

4 : 3

16 : 9

CONVENTIONAL 4:3 TV SCREEN

WIDE-SCREEN TV SHOW

SCREEN SHAPE – PICTURE MISMATCH

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

2. Higher picture detail in same channel space

3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format

4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel

a b c d

4 – STD. DEF. PROGRAMS

1 – HIGH DEF. PROGRAM

DIGITAL CHANNEL BROADCAST CAPABILITY

1 CHANNEL

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

2. Higher picture detail in same channel space

3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format

4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel

5. Less interference between stations

ADVANTAGES

1. Noise-free picture

2. Higher picture detail in same channel space

3. Wide-Screen Movie Picture format

4. Multiple programs broadcast within one channel

5. Less interference between stations

6. Greatly improved sound ( 5.1 channels )

DOLBY 5.1 CHANNEL SOUND

SOFA

TVL RC

LR RR

SW

BOOMBOOM

1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers

DISADVANTAGES

1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers

2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets

DISADVANTAGES

1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers

2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets

3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers

2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets

3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other.

4. Reception area limited by ‘Cliff Effect’

DISADVANTAGES

0 5 10 XDISTANCE FROM STATION TOWER - MILES

PI C

TU

RE

QU

AL

I TY

CLEAR

SNOW

WEAK

NONE

DIGITAL

ANALOG

THE ‘CLIFF EFFECT’ ‘WATERFALL’

1. Signal not compatible with existing receivers

2. Requires Set-top Box to adapt older sets

3. Digital Cable, Digital Satellite & Digital O-T-A signals are not compatible with each other.

4. Reception area limited by ‘Cliff Effect’

5. Requires ‘roof’ antenna to receive O-T-A broadcast. Most channels are UHF.

DISADVANTAGES

HOW DOES THE TV SET CREATE THE PICTURE?

DISCRETE - SEGMENTED PICTURE

PIXELS = Picture Elements

EXAMPLES: LCD, PLASMA, DMD/DLP, LCoS

Total Number = X (horizontal) x Y (vertical)

TWO TYPES of PICTURE SCANNING

INTERLACED

ODD Lines are Scanned, then EVEN lines

Example: 1, 3, 5, 7 --- 239 , then 2, 4, 6, --- 240

PROGRESSIVE

Lines are Scanned SEQUENTIALLY

Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ------- 480

DIGITAL TV PICTURE STANDARDS

FORMAT RESOLUTION ASPECT PIXEL HORIZ. VERT. RATIO COUNT

Standard Def. 704 480 I 4 : 3 337,920

Enhanced Def. 704 480 P 4:3 or 16:9 337,920

High Def. 1280 720 P 16 : 9 921,600

High Def. 1920 1080 I 16 : 9 2,073,600

Analog NTSC 450 equiv. 480 I 4 : 3 216,000

DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES

Tri-gun CRT

CRT

PROJECTION TV

LCD

WIDE SCREEN

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY

HIGHDEFINITION

1. WHAT SIZE TV SET

SHOULD I OWN?

2. HOW FAR SHOULD I SIT

FROM A HIGH DEFINITION

TV SET?

ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE

1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL

VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS

ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE

1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL

VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS

WIKIPEDIA: SEVERAL CRITERION

FORMULA RELATING TO VISUAL ACUITY (VA)

TABLE SUGGESTED BY BEST BUY STORES

Viewing Distance (VD) =DS

NHR

NVR

2

1 * CVR * t

DS = Display Diagonal Length : 32”

NHR = Display’s Horizontal Resolution (pixels) : 1920

NVR = Display’s Vertical Resolution (pixels) : 1080

CVR = Vertical Res of Video Being Displayed : 1080

t = tangent (personal visual acuity) : tan 1/60 deg.

VD = 49.94” = approx 4’ = approx 3 ph

LEE’S EQUATION WHICH GIVES SAME ANSWER

Diagonal

2

1080

SINE VA

= VIEWING DISTANCE

D = 32 ; SINE 1/60 DEG = .000292

VIEW DIST = 50” 3.1 PH

1/60 DEG

PIXEL

ATSC RECOMMENDATION : 30 DEGREE VIEWING SPHERE

1 MINUTE OF ARC VA PER PIXEL

VIEWING DISTANCE = 4 PICTURE HEIGHTS

WIKIPEDIA: SEVERAL CRITERION

FORMULA RELATING TO VISUAL ACUITY (VA)

TABLE SUGGESTED BY BEST BUY STORES

LEE’S PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

SMALL PRINT AT BOTTOM OF PICTURE

SIZE OF YOUR WALLET

SIZE OF THE CAR YOU DROVE TO TV STORE

30 40 50 60 70

TV SCREEN SIZE – DIAGONAL INCHES

24

20

16

12

8

4

VIE

WIN

G D

IST

AN

CE

-

FE

ET

Lee’sObservation

Best Buy Max. (6ph)

Best Buy Min. (3ph)

HOW FAR AWAY SHOULD I SIT?

4ph

LEE’S THEOREM BASED ON OBSERVATIONS – -

PROOF LEFT UP TO THE STUDENTS

OVER THE YEARS - HOME TV SETS COST AN AVERAGE OF

$400 +/-

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

COLOR

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

COLOR

LARGE CRTs 30 – 36”

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

COLOR

LARGE CRTs 30 – 36”

PTV >40”

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

COLOR

LARGE CRTs 30 – 36”

PTV >40”

DIG

ITA

L BR

OA

DC

AS

TS

BE

GIN

SetCost $

1k

800

600

400

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

B&W

YEARS

COLOR

LARGE CRTs 30 – 36”

PTV >40”

DIG

ITA

L BR

OA

DC

AS

TS

BE

GIN

HD CRT

HD LCD

1960 - 2000

ZENITH RCA

SONY

MAGNAVOX

PANASONIC

MGA SANYO

GE SYLVANIA

PHILCO TOSHIBA

1960 - 2000

ZENITH RCA

SONY

MAGNAVOX

PANASONIC

MGA SANYO

GE SYLVANIA

PHILCO TOSHIBA

2014

SAMSUNG LG

SONY VIZIO

SHARP

TOSHIBA

PANASONIC

PHILIPS/MAGNAVOX

HAIER

TV PRODUCTS & DEVELOPMENTS WHICH HAVE DISAPPEARED

VIDEO DISC Optical – Philips/Sony Vibrational – RCA/Thomson

CABLE CARD Channel Tuning & Descrambling Authorization

VIDEO TAPE PLAYER for home use

STAND-ALONE DVR

GHOST CANCELLATION Circuitry

TELETEXT on TV

SMART TV - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS

SMART TV - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS

3-D HDTV - SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE

SMART TV - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS

3-D HDTV - SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE

4K ULTRA (UHD) - 3840 x 2160 PIXELS

SMART TV - INTERNET, HDMI & USB CONNECTIONS

3-D HDTV - SETS AVAILABLE – SOFTWARE SCARCE

4K ULTRA (UHD) - 3840 x 2160 PIXELS

HAND-GESTURE REMOTE CONTROL