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sabit hızla
Bu derste
Dört Temel Büyüklük ve SI Göre Sembolleri
Tarihsel Gelişim
Arşimet (Archimedes) 287 – 212 BC
Gelileo Galile (Galileo Galilei) 1564 – 1642
İsaac Newton (Isaac Newton) 1642 – 1717
Nokta Parçacık - 1
Rijit Cisim ve Tekil Kuvvet (Konsantre Kuvvet) - 2
Description: Stonehenge, England. One of the earliest examples of
beam and column construction, it was built in approximately 2000
B.C. The picture shows part of a 30-meter circle of 30 upright stones,
each weighing approximately 25 tons, capped by a continuous ring of
30 lintel stones, each weighing about 7 tons. The stones were brought
30 km from the quarry. Transport and construction procedures are still
a matter of conjecture. (England)
Simple Supports - 1
Description: Temple of Olympian Zeus. Completed by the Roman Emperor
Hadrian (AD 76-138) 700 years after the first columns were raised. Columns
are 6 ft. 4 in. diameter, 56 ft. high, 18 ft. centers. Architrave beam span is
obviously limited by the self-weight and tensile strength of the stone. (Athens,
Greece)
Simple Supports - 2
Description: Contra Costa County Branch Library after completion.
Interior of library building [of GoddenA7] after completion. (Pinole,
California)
Simple Supports - 3
Cantilever Beam - 1
Description: U.C. parking structure 'A'.
The variable depth cantilever slab
supports its own weight, automobile
loading, and also any impact due to an
automobile hitting the timber wall guard.
(University of California, Berkeley)
Cantilever Beam - 2
Description: World Trade Center. Further example of building
overhang supported on variable depth cantilevers. Note that
adjacent cantilevers have common tip displacement. (New
York City)
Cantilever Beam - 3
Description: United Airlines Hangar. The problem of designing a
long door opening without columns is common to all hangar
design. Here it is accomplished using 142 ft. long variable depth
symmetrical steel cantilevers. For design using trusses, see
Godden Set D, and using hypar shells see Godden Set E. (San
Francisco International Airport)
Continuous Span Beam
Description: New Antioch Bridge. This high-level bridge completed in
1979 replaced an older truss-type lift bridge crossing the main shipping
channel. The bridge consists of continuous spans of variable depth in
Cor-Ten steel. Maximum span is 460 ft, and maximum height of
roadway above water level is 135 ft. (California)
Truss Type Structures
Description: Detail of pin-jointed truss connection, approach span
to San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Pin joints are used in older
bridges or situations where rotation has to be allowed for due to
settlement, or for construction purposes. (San Francisco Bay Area)
Truss Type Structures
Description: Crumlin Viaduct,
Wales. This early railway
viaduct is interesting in that it is
constructed entirely from pin-
connected iron members.
Designed by the engineering
firm of Liddell & Gordon,
Thomas W. Kennard is credited
with the construction, using a
modification of the Warren
truss. The viaduct was
demolished in 1966.
Truss Type Structures
Description: This crane structure is typical of those used in constructing
multi-story buildings, and is an interesting study in the geometry of
bracing. The square vertical tower of the crane (the top is shown in this
slide) uses K-bracing on all four sides. The boom is triangular in section
and uses Warren bracing. The other systems can also be seen.
Space Truss Structures
Temporary Grandstand, Edinburgh Castle. All the members of the space
frame are pin-jointed at each end. The ball-and-socket joint detail is
shown here. (Scotland)
Space Truss Structures
Description: Crystal Cathedral. Inside view of long modern church
building (completed September 1980) seating 3000. Building consists of
a space frame completely covered with reflective glass. This view is
along the 412-ft. length of the interior and shows the full 210-ft. width
and the 25-ft. apex height. (Garden Grove, California)
Southside arch support (Port Island Bridge)
Support Types – Simple Support
Description: Pont de l'Alma over the River Seine. Detail of internal
support. This is a pinned support permitting rotation but no axial
movement in the girder. Expansion bearings are fitted at both river
bank supports. (Paris, France)
Support Types – Simple Support
Description: Detail of the IBM Office Building. Showing the near support
point. The building uses steels of varying strengths, with maximum
strength at the supports and reducing with increasing elevation above
the supports. (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
Support Types
Support Types
Description: Passerelle Debilly, River Seine. Detail of
near pier support. (Paris, France)
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