Lecture 06 Database Introduction - student.cs.uwaterloo.cacs200/Lectures/18_A_Winter/0… · Album...

CS 200

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction1

Lecture 06Database Introduction

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Abbreviations• aka also known as• DBMS DataBase Management System• mutatis mutantis with the necessary changes having been made

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Miscellaneous Notes

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Please read and highlight BEFORE lab• Assignment 6• This week’s lecture slides

Reading • Database Design (on Learn > Database Resources > Database Design)

Adapted from Access Database Design and Programming by Steven Roman

Today• Database basics and Design• Creation of a database• Reports and Queries• Relationships

Please ask questions!

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Administrativia

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

AssumptionsYou have used a database before

You understand basic data management

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Things to think about• What are the data objects in FileMaker?• How does the interface differ from other applications we have seen so far?• What are the efficiencies and deficiencies of the interface?• What are different databases you use?• How are the databases you are part of used?• Is the way data is displayed important?

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

This is your first pass at FileMaker. By the end of this section you will be able to:• design a simple database• create queries and reports• understand database terminology and• create relationships with a database

Our objectives are• to introduce you to database fundamentals• Expose you to an application specific to database – FileMaker

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Databases–FileMaker

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

A collection of related data

Data consists of information on a specific topic

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What is a Database?

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Use of DatabasesWhat databases are you a part of?

What are some of the benefits of belonging to a database?

What are some of the drawbacks?

Why/when do I use a database?

How are the databases I am part of used?

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

File

Table (Entity)

Field (Attribute)

Record

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FileMaker Terminology (1)

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

FileMaker Terminology (2)Layout

Report

Query

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creation of a TableConsider the following example:

You would like to create a database with all of the Albums you have downloaded onto your iPod.

What info would be relevant to have in a table?

What types of fields will each of these be?

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating a Database

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Album Table Fields

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Field NameAlbum TitleAlbum Type

MediumRecording Year

LabelPurchase PriceAlbum Artist

Purchase Date

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Album Table Field Types

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Field Name Field TypeAlbum TitleAlbum Type

MediumRecording Year

LabelPurchase PriceAlbum Artist

Purchase Date

TextTextText

NumberText

NumberTextDate

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Album Table Field Definitions

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Field Name Field Type OptionsAlbum TitleAlbum Type

MediumRecording Year

LabelPurchase PriceAlbum Artist

Purchase Date

TextTextText

NumberText

NumberTextDate

Value List (TP, CD, LP, MP3)Value List (Jazz, Blues, Rock, )

Range (1921-2010), Number

Number

Date

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating A DatabaseCreation of a new database is similar to other applications

File: New Database

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating a Table within our Database

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Defining Fields

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Data Validation

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

You can’t mistype something that’s entered for you!

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Data Validation in FileMaker (1)

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

An Important Principle:

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Data Validation in FileMaker (2)

It’s easier to catch & correct errorswhen data are entered than it is to find and correct them later

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Uniquely Identifying RecordsPrimary Key

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Browse

Find

Layout

Preview

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Modes in FileMaker

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Browse Mode

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Find Mode

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Preview Mode

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Layout Mode

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating a New Layout

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

New Layout 2

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

New Layout 3

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction31

At the top of every page Headerprinted once on each page

Repeated for Every Record BODYprinted once for each group

At the bottom of every page Footerprinted once on each page

Organization of a Report Layout

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Note especially the difference between• how a data value appears on a form

eg 3.14• and what’s stored in the database

eg 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067982148086513282306647093844609550582

& note the menu items that control the appearance of each data type

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The Format menu...

Formats in FileMaker

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

More than one Table in a DatabaseSongs Table

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Song Table Album TableSong ID

Song TitleSideTrackMinsSecs

Song Album ID

Album TitleAlbum Type

MediumRecording Year

LabelPurchase PriceAlbum Artist

Purchase Date

Album IDPrimary Keys

Foreign Key

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating a Relationship in FileMaker

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Types of RelationshipsOne to One

One to Many

Many to One

Many to Many

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CS 200 Winter 2018 SQL

Album ID • is a “primary key” for the Album Table

because it uniquely identifies an album • is a “foreign key” of the Songs Table

because it contains a primary key of the Album Table and thus links a Song record to a unique Album record

“One-to-many” and “many-to-one” • wrt Album ID

Albums is the “one table” • Songs is the “many table” because for a given Album ID

there is only ONE Album record — but are (usually) MANY Song records

• “many-to-many” can happen, too — though not by matching a primary key in each of two tables! — it is often useful

• we’ll see an example next week

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Terminology

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Displaying Info from a Many to One Relationship

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Field Tool in Layout Mode

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Many to One (2)

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

One to Many

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Portal Tool

CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

One to Many (2)

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

Creating Enhanced, Stylized Layouts

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CS 200 Winter 2018 Database Introduction

You can define as many layouts as you want• these are also called “views” of the data (SQL-speak)• give them meaningful names!!!

You don’t have to include all fields on all layouts• defining a new field doesn’t cause it to appear on all layouts• by default, a new field is placed on the “current layout,”

although there’s a preference to prevent that

In FileMaker• data entry options are associated with a field’s definition• the appearance of a field is specified on the layout, and can vary• other databases may choose different conventions

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Things That Might Confuse You in FileMaker