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Learning Targets:
1. What events helped to diminish the prestige of the Catholic Church and the Papacy (Causes of the Reformation)
2. What is a reformation?3. What event caused the outbreak of the
Reformation?4. What were the main ideas of teaching of
Martin Luther?
1. 100 Years War and Black Death
2. Great Schism
3. Conciliarism and Marsiglio of Padua
4. Modern Devotion and Gerard Groote
5. Corruption within the Catholic Church
6. Renaissance Papacy
7. Printing Press
8. English Lollardy (John Wyclif)
9. Hussitism (John Hus)
10. Christian Humanists
Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.
The “SPARK” of the Reformation
• Sale of Indulgences
• Johan Tetzel – construction of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
• Rested on 3 main ideas:1. Salvation by faith alone.
2. Priesthood of all believers.
3. Bible as sole authority in religious affairs.
Posted his 95 Theses on Wittenburg Church doors in Germany
Gutenburg’s Printing Press Made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
The Reformation
• Charles V steps in (Pope Leo powerless to stop Luther).– Why does he want to stop Luther?
• Luther summoned to Worms to stand trial for his teachings – Diet of Worms
• Luther was asked to recant (take back) what he had said and written– What does Luther do?
The Reformation
• Charles V – Issued the Edict of Worms:
• Edict of Worms:– Luther is officially excommunicated– Declared an outlaw and a heretic
• What is a heretic?
Effects of Luther’s Teachings
1. Lutheranism Spread Quickly2. Peasant Revolt of 1524
“Smite, slay and stab the stupid and stubborn peasantry” – Luther, Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants
3. Lutheranism Adopted in German States- Supported by German Princes who issued a formal
“protest” against the Church
“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther
Lutheranism was formed
The protesting German princes and reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants
Learning Targets
1. Identify and explain the beliefs of other protestant groups that began to form as a result of the Protestant reformation.
2. Identify areas on the map of Europe where Protestantism and Catholicism existed.
“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland
Calvin believed in:
Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell
Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
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