TheProtestant

ReformationThrough Maps

TheProtestant

ReformationThrough Maps

R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16c

Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.

Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption

Avignon Papacy

Conciliarism

Marsilius of Padua Defensor Pacis [Defender of the Peace]

• Attacked papal authority

• The Christian community is the sum of ALL its parts!

Development of personal devotions suspicion of clergy

Greed of secular leaders 1/3 of Europe church land

Papal need for money indulgences

Printing Press

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

The Holy Roman

Empire in the 16c

The Holy Roman

Empire in the 16c

The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism

The Peasant Revolt - 1525The Peasant Revolt - 1525

Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c

ProtestantChurches

inFrance

(Late 16c)

ProtestantChurches

inFrance

(Late 16c)

The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists

Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)

The Catholic/Counter Reformation

Crisis in the Church – Recovery or Revitalization?

Paul III – Reform minded – a moral compass for the church.

Restored mission of the Roman Catholic ChurchCalled the Council of Trent – reaffirmed basic

Catholic doctrines, prohibited simony and indulgences (sale), enforced literacy of priests,

prepared the Index of Prohibited Books, strengthened the Inquisition

Cath/Counter Refomation cont’d

Loyola and Teresa of Avila

Renewed pageantry of the church – Baroque

Most Europeans remain loyal to the RCC, why? – tradition, the role of the church amongst the poor, and the grandeur and familiarity kept them loyal.

Political Consequences

Gain in power of the state – preached obedience to the crown in Protestant areasLuther – rejects toleration – true faith was Luther’s faith – “passive obedience” to any ruler, one’s religious obligation, punishment otherwiseCalvin – human affairs are to be regulated for the glory of God, rulers must enforce religious conformity as defined by Calvin, no religious toleration or disobedience, ‘if a ruler is evil, it is due to the sins of the people’ – “spiritual elect” carry over into political and social areas - ARISTOCRACY