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JapanJapan
JapanJapan Japan consist of four main islands off the Japan consist of four main islands off the
coast of Asiacoast of Asia Because Japan was an island nation it Because Japan was an island nation it
was relatively isolated with limited was relatively isolated with limited exchange of ideas and goodsexchange of ideas and goods
Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E.Little is known of Japan prior to 400 C.E. Japan was influenced by China and KoreaJapan was influenced by China and Korea The Yamato Clan was the first and only The Yamato Clan was the first and only
clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)clan to rule Japan (They still rule today)
JapanJapan ShintoShinto
““The way of the gods”The way of the gods” Worshipped kamiWorshipped kami
Nature and all the forced Nature and all the forced of nature seen and of nature seen and unseenunseen
Under Shinto the idea is Under Shinto the idea is to become one with kamito become one with kami
Uses ritual and customsUses ritual and customs Encourages obedience Encourages obedience
and proper behaviorand proper behavior The belief that the The belief that the
emperor was a emperor was a descendent of the sun descendent of the sun god-thus divinegod-thus divine
JapanJapan
Chinese InfluenceChinese Influence The Chinese had a tremendous influence on JapaneseThe Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japanese
ArtArt ArchitectureArchitecture LiteratureLiterature ReligionReligion
Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan Both Confucianism and Buddhism arrived in Japan by the 700’sby the 700’s
Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study Japan soon became the center for Eastern Asia study of Buddhismof Buddhism
Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still Most Japanese adopted Buddhism while still practicing Shintopracticing Shinto
JapanJapan Japan borrowed the Japan borrowed the
legal codes of the legal codes of the Tang Dynasty called Tang Dynasty called the Taika Reformsthe Taika Reforms
Japan also built their Japan also built their capital city modeled capital city modeled after the Tang after the Tang CapitalCapital
However the However the Japanese rejected Japanese rejected Confucianism and the Confucianism and the civil service examscivil service exams
JapanJapan
Class QuestionClass Question Why would the Japanese reject Why would the Japanese reject
Confucianism and the civil service Confucianism and the civil service exams?exams?
JapanJapan
It placed too much importance on It placed too much importance on education.education.
In Japan your rank at birth was more In Japan your rank at birth was more important to your status as a personimportant to your status as a person
Class systems in Japan were based Class systems in Japan were based on heredity on heredity
JapanJapan
The FujiwaraThe Fujiwara By the early 800’s the By the early 800’s the
Emperor wanted to break Emperor wanted to break free of the Buddhist free of the Buddhist influenceinfluence
The capital was moved to The capital was moved to HeianHeian
Japanese consciousness Japanese consciousness developeddeveloped
Aristocratic families began Aristocratic families began to increaseto increase
One aristocratic family who One aristocratic family who through intermarriages through intermarriages with the emperors families with the emperors families gained power were the gained power were the FujiwaraFujiwara
JapanJapan FujiwaraFujiwara
Began to run the affairs of Began to run the affairs of the countrythe country
Power shifted from the Power shifted from the emperor to the Fujiwara emperor to the Fujiwara familyfamily
The emperor was seen as The emperor was seen as only a figureheadonly a figurehead
Under the Fujiwara there Under the Fujiwara there was Golden Age of was Golden Age of JapaneseJapanese
Art, literatureArt, literature Women were also seen as Women were also seen as
having rank in Japanhaving rank in Japan Some women were Some women were
noblesnobles
JapanJapan Taira-Minamoto WarTaira-Minamoto War
While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture While the Fijiwara had increased Japanese culture they had neglected the militarythey had neglected the military
They had delegated military matters to various clansThey had delegated military matters to various clans These clans became powerful and began fighting for These clans became powerful and began fighting for
land and powerland and power A civil war broken out between two of the strongest A civil war broken out between two of the strongest
clansclans TairaTaira MinamotoMinamoto
The Taira at first won and controlled the The Taira at first won and controlled the government however the Minamoto rose up, government however the Minamoto rose up, defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took defeated the Taira in a five year civil war and took control of the government calling it acontrol of the government calling it a
ShogunateShogunate
JapanJapan
However by the However by the 1212thth century with century with the large influx of the large influx of noble families noble families everyone was everyone was fighting for land in fighting for land in JapanJapan
Japan would Japan would develop a feudal develop a feudal system like Europesystem like Europe
JapanJapan Feudal SystemFeudal System
The feudal system in Japan developed at the The feudal system in Japan developed at the same time as the feudal system in Europe-same time as the feudal system in Europe-however neither had knowledge of the otherhowever neither had knowledge of the other
As stated before the Emperor was only a As stated before the Emperor was only a figureheadfigurehead
In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the In 1192 Yoritomo Minamoto was given the title of Shogun or chief generaltitle of Shogun or chief general
Below the Shogun were the daimyoBelow the Shogun were the daimyo Below the Shogun were the SamuraiBelow the Shogun were the Samurai Below the Samurai were the PeasantsBelow the Samurai were the Peasants
Japanese ClassesJapanese Classes
DaimyoShogun Ashikaga Takauji
1305 - 1358
Samurai
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope
JapanJapan Emperor –figureheadEmperor –figurehead ShogunShogun
Chief GeneralChief General DaimyoDaimyo
LandownerLandowner Samurai with noble Samurai with noble
bloodblood SamuraiSamurai
Warriors who held Warriors who held small pieces of landsmall pieces of land
PeasantsPeasants Enough saidEnough said
EuropeEurope King –usually a King –usually a
figureheadfigurehead
Lord-LLord-L Large landownerLarge landowner Noble bloodNoble blood
KnightsKnights Warriors who held Warriors who held
small pieces of landsmall pieces of land PeasantsPeasants
Enough saidEnough said
Feudal Japan v. Feudal Feudal Japan v. Feudal EuropeEurope
DifferencesDifferences Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were Women in Japan were treated with higher respect-some were
noblesnobles The land ownership contract in Europe was based on lawThe land ownership contract in Europe was based on law The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group The land ownership contract in Japan was based on group
identity and loyaltyidentity and loyalty I am what I am a samurai and I know my place in societyI am what I am a samurai and I know my place in society
Both systems were based on cultureBoth systems were based on culture
SimilaritiesSimilarities PeasantsPeasants
Worked to support the upper classesWorked to support the upper classes Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty Each hierarchy was based on land for loyalty
exchangeexchange
JapanJapan Important ShogunatesImportant Shogunates
Kamakura ShogunateKamakura Shogunate 1200-13001200-1300
Kept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading JapanKept Khubiliai Khan’s Yuan China from invading Japan Ashikaga ShogunateAshikaga Shogunate
1336-15731336-1573 Developed a strong sense of Japanese cultureDeveloped a strong sense of Japanese culture
Painting, music, philosophy, landscapingPainting, music, philosophy, landscaping Strong economic tradeStrong economic trade Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism Tea CeremonyTea Ceremony
Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil Lost power when it was unable to stop a series of civil warswars
Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the Japan would be divided in civil wars from 1573 to the middle 1600’smiddle 1600’s
Japan in ChaosJapan in Chaos
By the age of feudalism in 1338 the By the age of feudalism in 1338 the daimyo seemed to reject the ideas of daimyo seemed to reject the ideas of peace of Zen Buddhist religion and began peace of Zen Buddhist religion and began to warring among themselves.to warring among themselves.
They soon destroyed the Ashikaga They soon destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate, the city of Kyoto and the Shogunate, the city of Kyoto and the order and structure that once was Japan.order and structure that once was Japan.
The Emperor was seen as just a The Emperor was seen as just a figurehead, a symbolic leader of the figurehead, a symbolic leader of the Shinto religion.Shinto religion.
Japan in ChaosJapan in Chaos
New warlord formed alliances with merchants New warlord formed alliances with merchants who were bringing raw materials from China.who were bringing raw materials from China.
Soon this influx of trade caused the competing Soon this influx of trade caused the competing warlords to war against each other.warlords to war against each other.
Soon this lead to a civil war.Soon this lead to a civil war. In the 1580’s one warlord Hideyoshi will gain In the 1580’s one warlord Hideyoshi will gain
control of Japan and attempt to spread beyond control of Japan and attempt to spread beyond Japan into Korea, Manchuria and China.Japan into Korea, Manchuria and China.
Tokugawa-Edo PeriodTokugawa-Edo Period When Hideyoshi dies in When Hideyoshi dies in
1598 his successor 1598 his successor withdraws from the withdraws from the Asian territories and Asian territories and begins to work on begins to work on centralizing Japan.centralizing Japan.
In 1603 Tokugawa In 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu will become Ieyasu will become Shogun and place the Shogun and place the Tokugawa Shogunate in Tokugawa Shogunate in power of Japan until power of Japan until 19C.19C.
TokugawaTokugawa
The Tokugawa will allow the daimyo to The Tokugawa will allow the daimyo to still keep local power while the still keep local power while the Tokugawa will retain central authority.Tokugawa will retain central authority.
They will establish Edo (Modern day They will establish Edo (Modern day Tokyo) as the capital.Tokyo) as the capital.
The Tokugawa will establish trade The Tokugawa will establish trade routes (Rice Routes) throughout Japan.routes (Rice Routes) throughout Japan.
By 1700 Edo will have 1 million peopleBy 1700 Edo will have 1 million people
TokugawaTokugawa There will be an There will be an
economic boom in Japan.economic boom in Japan. Major urban centers will Major urban centers will
grow all through Japan.grow all through Japan. Manufacturing such as Manufacturing such as
steel making, pottery, steel making, pottery, lacquer and porcelain lacquer and porcelain will develop.will develop.
Trade with China will be Trade with China will be curtailed.curtailed.
Piracy will be Piracy will be encouraged.encouraged.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
Trade with foreignersTrade with foreigners In 1543 Portuguese will arrive and will bring In 1543 Portuguese will arrive and will bring
firearms to Japanfirearms to Japan By 1570’s the Japanese who took a great By 1570’s the Japanese who took a great
interest in the weapons had now made copies interest in the weapons had now made copies and were using them to fight in the civil wars.and were using them to fight in the civil wars.
When the Tokugawa take control they will When the Tokugawa take control they will strictly control the trade with the Dutch, strictly control the trade with the Dutch, Spanish, PortugueseSpanish, Portuguese
Porcelain was the chief export while the Porcelain was the chief export while the Japanese care little for the European goodsJapanese care little for the European goods..
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
The Dutch and The Dutch and Chinese were Chinese were restricted to trade restricted to trade on the island of on the island of Deshima.Deshima.
Silver and copper Silver and copper were restricted.were restricted.
Western books Western books were banned.were banned.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
ChristianityChristianity Japanese are going to learn of the new Japanese are going to learn of the new
religion from Jesuit missionaries.religion from Jesuit missionaries. The religion holds great interest in Japan The religion holds great interest in Japan
and by the 1600’s about 300,000 convertand by the 1600’s about 300,000 convert The Tokugawa feared that the new The Tokugawa feared that the new
religion would destabilize the country and religion would destabilize the country and by 1614 there was an edict forbidding the by 1614 there was an edict forbidding the practice of Christianity.practice of Christianity.
Punishment was crucifixion or beheadingPunishment was crucifixion or beheading
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation ChristianityChristianity By the late 1600’s the By the late 1600’s the
practice of practice of Christianity was all Christianity was all but over.but over.
The government also The government also forced the people to forced the people to show proof of their show proof of their attendance to their attendance to their Buddhist temple and Buddhist temple and their obedience to the their obedience to the shougunate.shougunate.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
With the cutbacks in trade and the With the cutbacks in trade and the elimination of Christianity all Europeans elimination of Christianity all Europeans were banned from Japan except for the were banned from Japan except for the Dutch.Dutch.
The Tokugawa also faced internal problems The Tokugawa also faced internal problems with the rapid population growth and how to with the rapid population growth and how to balance economic problems with food supply balance economic problems with food supply and work.and work.
Lack of warfare also posed a problemLack of warfare also posed a problem Daimyo and the samurai had little function in Daimyo and the samurai had little function in
society.society.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation Japan was beginning Japan was beginning
to develop as a to develop as a manufacturing society.manufacturing society. The merchant class was The merchant class was
ever growing and ever growing and pushed Japan into a pushed Japan into a period of economic and period of economic and social growth.social growth.
Kabuki TheaterKabuki Theater Artistic expressionArtistic expression Woodblock printsWoodblock prints New shops and New shops and
restaurants.restaurants.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
Merchants also controlled the money Merchants also controlled the money and started to develop lines of credit.and started to develop lines of credit. Merchants gave credit to the daimyo and Merchants gave credit to the daimyo and
samurai whose income was based on rice samurai whose income was based on rice trade.trade.
The rice trade declined due to the lack of farmers and The rice trade declined due to the lack of farmers and the difficulty in producing rice.the difficulty in producing rice.
Merchants also disregarded the laws and would raise Merchants also disregarded the laws and would raise and lower the price of rice to suit their needs and not the and lower the price of rice to suit their needs and not the needs of the samurai.needs of the samurai.
Now the daimyo and samurai were financially under the Now the daimyo and samurai were financially under the control of the merchant classcontrol of the merchant class..
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
Confucian IdeasConfucian Ideas Like China, Korea and Vietnam Japan also Like China, Korea and Vietnam Japan also
accepted the idea that agriculture should accepted the idea that agriculture should be the basis of state wealth.be the basis of state wealth.
Merchants were seen as morally corrupt.Merchants were seen as morally corrupt. However the decentralized government of However the decentralized government of
Japan could not regulate all merchant Japan could not regulate all merchant activities and the merchant class began to activities and the merchant class began to dictate society.dictate society.
Merchants enjoyed freedoms and influence.Merchants enjoyed freedoms and influence.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
The TokugawaThe Tokugawa While the government remained very While the government remained very
traditional the society around them was traditional the society around them was becoming very commercial and progressive.becoming very commercial and progressive.
Old traditional ways were being cast aside Old traditional ways were being cast aside and a more modern Japan was developing and a more modern Japan was developing while the Tokugawa shogun was still living in while the Tokugawa shogun was still living in the past. the past.
During the late period the Tokugawa also had During the late period the Tokugawa also had to deal with a series of natural disasters to deal with a series of natural disasters which further drained the economy.which further drained the economy.
Tokugawa IsolationTokugawa Isolation
In 1854 The United States would arrive In 1854 The United States would arrive on the shores of Japan and with the on the shores of Japan and with the U.S.’s new military might would force the U.S.’s new military might would force the Tokugawa to make a decision to open up Tokugawa to make a decision to open up trade and ports.trade and ports.
The Tokugawa would have no alternative The Tokugawa would have no alternative and opened up trade to the U.S. and opened up trade to the U.S.
It would be the end for Japanese It would be the end for Japanese isolationism and the beginning of a new isolationism and the beginning of a new and modern Japan.and modern Japan.
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