Introduction to Nanophysics - Afolk.uio.no/pavlom/Introduction/Introduction A.pdf · Thomas...

Introduction to Nanophysics - A

Pavlo Mikheenko

http://tid.uio.no/~pavlom/Introduction/ListPublications.pdf

Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway

New mechanism of penetration of vortices into current-saturated superconducting

Films Yu. M. lvanchenko and P. N. Mikheenko

Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Donetsk

Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 85,2116-2127 (1983)

http://tid.uio.no/~pavlom/Introduction/JETP83.pdf

Internal penetration of vortices into superconducting film

NbN, width 3 mm, thickness 170 nm MgB2, width 5 mm thickness 3000 nm T = 3.7 K

Physiological effects of CO2 at various concentrations

by volume

0.03% Nothing happens, it is the normal carbon dioxide concentration in air.

0.5% Lung ventilation increases by 5 percent, maximum safe working level.

1.0% Feeling hot and clammy, lack of attention to details, fatigue, anxiety, clumsiness and

loss of energy, ‘jelly’ legs.

2.0% Lung ventilation increases by 50 percent, headache, loss of energy, feeling run-

down. It may take up to several days for the body to return to normal.

3.0% Lung ventilation increases by 100 percent, panting, headache, dizziness and

possible vision disturbance such as speckled stars.

5 - 10% Violent panting, fatigue to the point of exhaustion, severe headache, irreversible

effects to health. Possible unconsciousness and death.

10 - 15% Intolerable panting, severe headaches and rapid exhaustion. Unconsciousness and

suffocation without warning. A burning paraffin candle is extinguished.

25% to 30% Coma and convulsions within one minute of exposure. Certain death.

Sensor device - timeline

• Development of columnar growth technique for superconducting

materials (YBa2Cu3Ox, GdBa2Cu3Ox) 2007-2008

• Applications of columnar growth technique for superconducting

coated conductors 2007-2010

• Extension to functional oxides 2009-2010

• Extension to conductive transparent superconductors 2010

• Invention of device 2010

• Experiments with sensor 2010-2011

Three-dimensional

AFM image of Au

nanoparticles on

STO substrate

deposited with 25

laser pulses at 780

°C.

The height of the

pixels is scaled

with the planar

sizes in the plot.

2D self-assembly of nanoparticles

Surface morphology of YBCO film on Ag-decorated MgO substrate

SEM image of the

surface of YBCO film

grown on Au-

decorated substrate.

The inset shows AFM

image of the surface

of Ag-decorated MgO

substrate similar to

that on which YBCO

film was grown.

Cross-sectional AFM images of YBCO

Cross-sectional AFM images of a cleaved YBCO

film on STO substrate decorated with Ag

nanoparticles. The vertical YBCO columns of a

diameter of about 20 nm are seen in the film.

YBCO columns in an Au-decorated

sample. The diameter of the columns is

larger than in the films on Ag-decorated

substrates on the right.

YBCO

YBCO

STO

Au Ag

STO

Columnar structure of YBCO on 2D array of nanoparticles

TEM image of a

cross-sectional area

inside YBCO film

grown on substrate

decorated with Ag

nano-particles. A

regular nanometer-

scale columnar

structure is seen in

the image.

Surface morphology of YBCO film on Ag-decorated MgO substrate

SEM image of the

etched YBCO film

shown in previous slide.

The etching took place

along the extended

defects in the film and

the detached in the

areas close to the pores

YBCO nanocolumns

are seen spread along

the surface of the film.

Published papers on columnar growth technique in superconducting materials

1. P. Mikheenko, V-S. Dang, A. Sarkar, J. S. Abell and A. Crisan, Integrated pinning

centers in YBa2Cu3Ox thick films on single-crystalline and textured metal substrates,

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 286 012015 (2011).

2. P. Mikheenko , V-S Dang , Y Y Tse , M M Awang Kechik , P Paturi , H Huhtinen , Y

Wang , A Sarkar , J S Abell and A Crisan, Integrated nanotechnology of pinning

centers in YBa2Cu3Ox films, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 125007 (2010) doi:

10.1088/0953-2048/23/12/125007.

3. P. Mikheenko, J. S. Abell, A. Sarkar, V-S. Dang, M.M. Awang Kechik, J.L. Tanner, P.

Paturi, H. Huhtinen, N. Hari Babu, D. A. Cardwell, and A. Crisan, Nano techniques for

enhancing critical current in superconducting YBCO films, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.,

DOI: 10.1007/s10948-010-0861-2 (2010).

4. P. Mikheenko , J. S. Abell, A. Sarkar, V.S. Dang, M.M. Awang Kechik, J.L. Tanner, P.

Paturi, H. Huhtinen, N. Hari Babu, D. A. Cardwell, and A. Crisan, Self-assembled

artificial pinning centers in thick YBCO superconducting films, Journal of Physics:

Conference Series 234 022022 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/234/2/022022 (2010)

5. P. Mikheenko, J.L. Tanner, J. Bowen, A. Sarkar, V.-S. Dang, J.S. Abell and A. Crisan,

Nanodots induced columnar growth of YBa2Cu3Ox films, Physica C, 470 S234-S236

(2010).

Semiconducting sensor device: structure

Semiconducting sensor device: structure

CO2 sensor device

CO2 sensor device: experimental set-up

CO2 sensor device: experiment

CO2 sensor device: erasing signal

CO2 sensor device: experiment

0 400 8000

3000

6000

Flame is off

R (

Oh

m)

t (s)

T = 296 K

LIGHT IS ONFlame is off

Cover is open

CO2 sensor device: reproducibility

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Cover is open

R (

Oh

m)

t (s)

T = 296 K

LIGHT

CO2 sensor device: calibration

0.1 1 10 100

1

10

R/R

0 (

arb

. u

nits)

CO2 (%)

Sensor device: main features and applications

• Specific deposition technique that uses several know-how’s

• Unique approach based on large number (~10,000,000,000) of identical

columns

• Cheap and simple device that can easily be adapted for mobile phones

• Express monitoring for health applications including personal check of

CO2 level in exhaled air, level CO2 in premises, environment, car

exhausts etc.

• Can substitute conventional fire detectors

• Versatile device: by varying additions to the deposited material can be

made sensitive to specific gases. Sets of films could be sold

Penetration of magnetic flux in YBCO/PrBCO superlattices

YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, width 5 mm

thickness ~2000 nm

YBCO/PrBCO superlattices: resonances due to interaction with indicator film

YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, width 5 mm thickness ~2000 nm

Surface SEM image of YBCO/PrBCO superlattice

YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, thickness ~2000 nm By Thomas Qureishy

A bacterial cell:

the Nanofactory

Pd(II)

Pd(0)

H2

H2 2H+

+ 2e-

Hydrogenase

Pd(II) + 2e-

Pd(0) 500 nm

Schematic representation of hidrogenase action

e-

Electron

acceptor

site

e- e- e-

H+

H+

Proton

channel

Hydrogen

channel

H2 H2

H2

H+

Site of initial Pd+2 reduction

Bio-Pd nanocrystals

X-ray diffraction:

average size of nanocrystals -14.7 nm

-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Pd

AprimeClH

10 Km (

10

-4 e

mu

)

H (Oe)

H (Oe)

-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

m (

10

-4 e

mu

)

H (Oe)

Pd crystals in the Bio-Pd powder with large ferromagnetic component

Pd crystals in the Bio-Pd powder with small ferromagnetic component

-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

AprimeClH

M(10

-4

emu)

H (Oe)

m(1

0-4

em

u)

Bio-Pd nanocrystals

Characterisation – HRTEM

(Bio-Pd D. desulfuricans 5%)

Fast Fourier transformation + analysis of reflexes

Particles have fcc crystal structure.

Values for the (111) and (200) planes and angles show distortion of up to 10% compared to the theoretical values for bulk palladium.

Analysed particles are probably icosahedral.

HRTEM courtesy of Yu Chen, Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, University of Birmingham

FFT and analysis courtesy of J. Thomas, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden

Bio-Pd nanocrystals: XMSD

Bio-Pd nanocrystals: muon

scattering

Bio-Pd nanocrystals: muon

scattering

Introduction 33

a) Use internet, find an example of recent mesoscopic device or nano-

applications that seem interesting for you or give an example from your

current activity. Explain what mesoscopic conditions, as on page 23 in

Thomas Heinzel’s book ‘Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State

Nanostructures, Second Edition, 2007 (TH)’ (page in pdf) or different

mesoscopic condition, it satisfies. Prepare couple of ppt or pdf slides to

illustrate this.

Home activity for Wed. 18 January and later

Home activity for Wed. 25 January a) Read: TH, Ch 1 (pp 20-33) and Ch 5 (pp 158-165) (pages in pdf), try to

understand it, collect problems in understanding to discuss them together on

Practical.

b) Do Exercises E5.1 and E5.2 in TH, Ch 5 (p 165). It would be good if you

could explain them in detail to other students and lecturer.