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Introduction to General Linguistics
Deny A. KwaryDeny A. Kwary
www.kwary.netwww.kwary.net
The Textbooks
Contemporary LinguisticsBy. O’Grady, Dobrovolsky, and Katamba
Introduction to LanguageBy. Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams
The Course Materials
Open: www.kwary.net Click: Linguistics Click: General Linguistics Download the lecture materials
The Evaluation
1. 40% Midterm Test
2. 10% Assignment
3. 50% Final Test
What is Language?
Language is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.
The Creativity Aspect of Language
Human language must be creative: allowing novelty and innovation is response to new thoughts, experiences, and situations
Linguistic Knowledge
Knowledge of Words: Knowing the sound units that are related to specific meanings.
Knowledge of Sentences: Knowing how to form sentences.
Knowledge of the Sound System: Knowing what sounds are in that language and what sounds are not.
Linguistic Performance:
How you use this knowledge in actual speech production and comprehension.
Linguistic Competence:
What you know about a language.
Prescriptive Grammar 1762; Bishop Robert Lowth; A Short Introduction
to English Grammar with Critical Notes. I don’t have none You was wrong Mathilda is fatter than me
Many of those rules were based on Latin grammar. Latin was assumed as the respected scientific language in the 15th – 17th Centuries.
I don’t have anyYou were wrong
Mathilda is fatter than I
Descriptive Grammar 1985; Randolph Quirk, Sidney
Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and
Jan Svartvik; A Comprehensive
Grammar of the English Language. Based on a corpus of actual
spoken and written English.
The Components of a Grammar
Phonetics: the articulation and perception of speech sounds.
Phonology: the patterning of speech sounds Morphology: word formation Syntax: sentence formation Semantics: the interpretation of words and
sentences
That’s all for today
See you next week…
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