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HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGYMedical Microbiology
Mrs. Bagwell
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Robert Hooke Englishman, mechanic and
tinker Created first working microscope First to observe dead cells Developed “Cell Theory”
CELL THEORY
The parts to the cell theory are as described below:
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all organisms.
All cells come from pre-existing, living cells.
Anton Van Leewenhoek (1673) Dutch merchant Develop a microscope using magnifying lens (300X) First to see live cells- named them “animalcules” Studied pond water, scrapings from
mouth, etc.
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (ABIOGENESIS)
Life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter.
Wildly held belief until the mid-1800’s Challenged by Rudolf Virchow (1858)
with concept of BIOGENESIS (cells an only come from other cells)
Francesco Redi (1668) Did experiments to disprove Spontaneous Generation Ran convincing experiments
Pasteur (1857) Demonstrated that organisms are in the air Developed germ theory of fermentaion Hired to see why wine spoiled Also, proved that boiling kills organisms (led to pasteurization)
GOLDEN AGE
Germ Theory of Disease Microorganisms might cause disease
Led to ASEPSIS techniques Pasteur (pasteurization) Lister (use of carbolic acid to stop
disease after surgery) Semmelweis (handwashing before
child birth to prevent puerperal fever)
KOCH’S POSTULATES (1876)
The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
Edward Jenner (1796) Studied smallpox Discovered that milk maids with coxpox did not get small pox Tried experiment on 8 year old boy
Developed first vaccine
SMALLPOX
SEARCH FOR THE “MAGIC BULLET”
First “Chemotherapy” Synthetic drugs Antibiotics
SYNTHETIC DRUGS
Prepared from chemicals in laboratory
Paul Ehrlich (1910)- salvarsan Sulfa drugs-sulfonamides
ANTIBIOTICS
Alexander Fleming, Scottish (1928)
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