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7/28/2019 Hist of USA (1)
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Evolution of PharmacyinU.S.A.
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Greatest of the Pharmacists-Chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovered oxygen,
chorine, prussic acid,tartaric acid,
tungsten,
molybdenum,
glycerin, andcountless other
organic compounds
7/28/2019 Hist of USA (1)
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Americas First Apothecary General Andrew Craigie
Duties included
procurement, storage,manufacture, and
distribution of the Armys
drug requirements
Developed wholesaling and
manufacturing business
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Serturner First of the Alkaloid Chemists gave the world opiums
chief narcotic principle,
morphine recognized and proved
the importance of a
new class of organic
substances which isalkaloids
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Caventou, Pelletier and Quinine isolated emetine from
ipecacuanha in 1817;
strychnine and brucine fromnux vomica in 1818
Introduced methods for
separation of quinine and
cinchona from cinchonabarks
prepared pure salts and set
up manufacturing facilities
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Stanislas Limousin Pharmaceutical Inventor
gifted in combining
scientific knowledge withtechnical skill
introduced the medicine
dropper, the system ofcoloring poisons and wafer
cachets
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Stanislas Limousin Pharmaceutical Inventor
His greatest contribution
- development and perfection
of apparatus for the inhalation
- therapeutic administration of
oxygen
- invention of glass ampoulesthat could be sealed and
sterilized for preservation of
solutions for hypodermic use
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The Shakers and Medicinal Herbs
First U.S. industry in
medicinal herbs
Carried out by the
United Society of
Believers commonly
known as the Shakersin 1820
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The Shakers and Medicinal Herbs
gathered 200 varieties ofplants, dried, chopped and
pressed them into bricks andwrapped, labeled and soldthem to pharmacists andphysicians
The Shaker label wasrecognized for reliability andquality for more than acentury.
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American Pharmacy Builds
its Foundations
Faced with 2 major threats
Deterioration of the practice of pharmacy
Discriminatory classification by the University of
Pennsylvania medical faculty
Pharmacists of Philadelphia formed an
association which became The PhiladelphiaCollege of Pharmacy, a school of Pharmacy
and a self-policing board
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American Pharmacy Builds
its Foundations
68 pharmacists signed the
Constitution of the firstpharmaceutical association
in U.S. (The American
Pharmaceutical
Association) Opened membership to
All pharmacists and
druggist
Daniel B. Smith, 1st president
William Procter, Jr., 1st secretary
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The Father of American Pharmacy William Procter, Jr.
Graduated from The
Philadelphia College ofPharmacy in 1837
Leader in founding The
American Pharmaceutical
Association
Served as the first secretary
of the organization; later as
president
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The Pharmacopoeia Comes of Age 1st United States
Pharmacopoeia (USP) was
the work of the medicalprofession (1820)
1st book of drug standards
from a professional source toaccepted by a nation
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The Pharmacopoeia Comes of Age U.S.P. was in danger of dissolution due to
lack of interest of the medical profession
Dr. Edward R. Squibb took the problem tothe American Pharmaceutical Associationconvention
Pharmacist formed a Committee onRevision chaired by hospital pharmacistCharles Rice, assisted by pharmacist-educator Joseph P. Remington, and Dr.
Squibb, their collaborator
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By 19th century, pharmacy
began to show some
independence from medicine.
drug merchants, importers oroperations of general stores
grew more knowledgeable andambitions
the need for higher
competence and standardswere felt among the druggist
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The Era of Biological Announcement of the
effectiveness of diphtheria
antitoxin by Behring andRoux led to its
pharmaceutical production
Inoculation of horses withdiphtheria toxin was the first
step in producing antitoxin
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The Development of Chemotherapy Ernest Francois Auguste
Fourneau
headed chemical laboratories inthe world-renowned InstitutePasteur in Paris
His early work with bismuth andarsenic compounds advanced
the treatment of syphilispaved the way for the life-saving
sulfonamide compounds
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The Era of Antibiotics 1st observed by Pasteur in 1877
Followed by Fleming in 1929,
and Florey and Chain in 1940
Discoveries of antibiotics came
rapidly in the 40s
During World War II, mass
production of penicillin have
reduced costs to 1/1000th
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European and American Pharmacy Meet
First meeting
Second International Congress ofPharmacy in Paris, France in 1867
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19th century 1st International Pharmacopeia Geneva,
Switzerland published by WHO in 1951
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