Hayati Sari Hasibuan, School of Environmental Science, University

Hayati Sari Hasibuan,

School of Environmental Science, University of Indonesia

Presented in ICLEI World Urban Congress 2015, Seoul

JABODETABEK

•Area : 7,315 sqkm

•Population : 27.9 million

•Population Density: 12,887

per-sq km

•GNP: 22% of National GNP

• Consists of : Jakarta and 8

other surrounding cities

The Largest Metropolitan and the Capital City of

Indonesia

POPULATION DYNAMICS

4.6

6.5

8.2 8.4 8.8 9.6

1.9 2.7

3.9

5.3 6.1

7.5

1.1 1.5 2.7

4.1 4.7

5.9

0.8 1.1 2.1

3.2 4.0

5.0

-

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

DKI Jakarta

Bogor

Tangerang

Bekasi

Rapid growth of

population, particularly in

BODETABEK

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

4

URBAN GROWTH PATTERN

Regions Proportion of Built up area Growth (%)

2000 2010

Jakarta 78% 85% 5%

Sub-urban areas in the

first ring

70% 76% 6,6%

Sub-urban areas in the

second ring

23% 28% 2,6%

REDUCING GREEN OPEN SPACE

AREA

1985

37,2% 2000

25,85 %

2010

13,94 %

• The fast urban

development in the past

has radically reduced

traditional green open

spaces in the city.

• The Spatial Planning Law

No. 26/2007) suggest that

the city should provide

minimum 30% GOS of the

area.

COMMUTER JABODETABEK

DKI Jakarta

Kota Tangerang Kota Tangarang S.

Kab. Tangerang

Kota Bekasi Kab. Bekasi

Kota Depok Kota Bogor Kab. Bogor

(2002) 234 (2010) 338

(unit) 1,000

(2002) 247 (2010) 344

(2002) 262 (2010) 423

1.4 (2010/2002)

1.4 (2010/2002)

1.6 (2010/2002)

BODETABEKDKI Jakarta (2002) 743 (2010) 1,105

1.5 (2010/2002)

x 10 (2002/1985)

The Growth Number of Daily trip by Commuters from

BODETABEK to Jakarta

TRANSPORT CHALLENGES

• High number of private vehicles (especially, two-wheelers) and number of

vehicle is growing rapidly (25 years)

Source: Polda MetroJaya, 2010

• Changes in modal shares

MOBILITY BEHAVIOUR

TRIP

DESTINATIONS OF

BODETABEK

COMMUTERS

Trip distance of

commuters

THE EXISTING PUBLIC

TRANSPORTATION

• For years, to serve commuters who

work in Jakarta, there have been small

number of railway networks which is

inheritance from the colonial era.

10

• Nowadays, there are 10 lanes, out of 15 lanes in the plan, of busway which serve around Jakarta, besides dozen traditional buses or minibuses managed by private company or individual.

THE PLAN OF TRANSPORTATION

NETWORK

The Government and the

Provincial Goverment of

Jakarta plan to build:

• Six more toll-road enter to

the city (creating big debat)

• Two lanes of monorail (the

construction already started

after six years pending)

• A lane of MRT from the

southern part to the city

center. 11

TOD FOR JABODETABEK

Makes Efficient use of Land

• Reduce VKT

• Reduce the needs for road infrastructure

• Increase share of green open space

Efficient and safety transportation

• Provide public transport network

• Reduce the share of private car

• Reduce congestion

• Improve speed

• Saving time traveling

Better Environment

• Reduce fuel consumption

• Decrease air pollution

• Improve Air Quality

• Decrease run off, increase infiltration, mitigating flood

Betterment Quality of Life

• Transportation cost reduction

• Improve healthiness

• Saving traveling time

• Improve welfare

TRANSIT AREAS IN

JABODETABEK

• Findings: the difference characteristics between

transits inside Jakarta with the transit in sub-urban

areas.

High density

residential

Residential Work places Green open space

TRANSIT AREAS IN SUB-URBAN:

DEPOK

TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT AREAS

IN JABODETABEK

Region Mixed-Land use Compactiv

eness

Density Pedestria

n-friendly

Jakarta Moderate Moderate High Low

Suburbs in the

first ring

Low

(domination of

residential)

Low Moderate Low

Suburbs in the

second ring

Low (domination

of residential)

Low Very low low

Green open space low in all of transit areas (10%-20%)

WALKABILITY

WALKABILITY Eastern of

Bodetabek

Western of

Bodetabek

Southern of

Bodetabek

Walking 58,4% 48,3% 22,5%

Time Consume:

>10 minutes

5-10 minutes

< 5 minutes

40%

18,4%

-

22,9%

21,2%

4,2%

4,2%

10,8%

6,7%

No-walking 15,6% 44,9% 47,5%

MODESHARE PEOPLE AROUND

TRANSIT AREAS Sektor Timur Sektor Barat Sektor Selatan

Angkutan Pribadi

Mobil 5,2% 10,2% 17,5%

Motor 29,9% 28,9% 66,7%

Sepeda 1,3% 0 0

Angkutan Umum

Kereta 57,1% 8,3% 54%

Bis 5,2% 21,4% 10%

Mini bus 13% 11,7% 5%

Trans Jakarta (busway) 0,6% 6,5% 0

PREFERENCES OF PEOPLE FOR

TOD

COMMUTER YES NO

SOUTH SECTOR 44,2% 55%

EAST SECTOR 23,4% 76,6%

WEST SECTOR 51,7% 48,3%

COMMUTER Landed House Vertical-Own Vertical-Rent

South Sector 75% 5% 7,5%

East Sector 94% 6% 0

West Sector 66,9% 27,1% 2,5%

TRANSIT AREAS IN

JABODETABEK

The alternative measures:

(1) do-nothing or business as usual;

(2) the increasing of bus mode share;

(3) Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

In time frame: up to the year 0f 2030

TOD: REARRANGEMENT OF LAND

USE

New urban centers along transit corridors and improving the Green Open Space area

REPOSITIONING URBAN-

SUBURBAN

TOD/buffer

TOD/buffer

TOD/buffer

TOD/buffer

Conservation

Conservation

Conservation

Inner city

READJUSTMENT-REDESIGN

Existing

Existing

REORIENTED BY TOD

REDESIGNED BY TOD

SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL OF

TOD

PENDUDUK +

+

+

Jaringan Jalan

KAWASAN TERBANGUN

Jarak

Perjalanan

-

+Jumlah Kendaraan VOLUME KM

TRAVEL (VKT )+

EMISI KARBON

-

TAPAK

EKOLOGIS

Konsumsi

Energi

+

B3

+

R1

B4

-

Ruang T erbuka

Hijau (RTH)

-

R2

+

+

+

+

-

B5

B6

Developed

area

Open space

Population

Travel distance

Road length

Ecological footprint

Carbon

Emission

Nu vehicles

VKT

Energy

Consumption

TRANSIT AREAS IN

JABODETABEK TOD can:

a. Increase the train modal share of 30%

b. Reduction of fuel consumption 20%

c. Reduction of carbon emission 26%

d. The expansion of built up areas can be

reduced Trip distance and number of trips

e. Estimated reduction of 3.5 million tCO2

Carbon emission Green open space required

for sequestrating: 29.9% of total area.

TERIMAKASIH