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Graphic Design
The basic elements
• Line• Shape• Texture• Space• Size• Value• Colour
Lines• Mark connecting 2 points
– Straight, curved, fat, thin, squiggly, dashed, patterned• Used to
– Organise information– Highlight– Connect– Outline– Create grid, chart or graph– Create pattern or rhythm trhough many lines– Direct reader’s eye– Create sense of motion– Suggest emotion
Shape
• Has height and width• Geometric
– Circles, triangles, squares: regular, structured– Good building blocks for graphic design
• Natural– Animals, plants, humans– Irregular, fluid
• Abstract– Icons, stylized figures, graphic illustrations
Shape
• Used to– Symbolize an idea– Highlight information– Make text or photo more interesting
through masking• Angular - masculine• Curved - feminine
Texture
• Look or feel of a surface• Gives overall ‘feel’ to something• Provokes emotions• Adds richness and depth
Space
• Distance around or between things• Separates or unifies, highlights, provides rest
for eye• Especially white space
– Used to add emphasis and focus– Adds legibility– Stylistic– White space is in
• Margins, paragraph spacing, line spacing, gutters (spacebetween columns), around text, graphics
Size
• How large or small something is• Larger items more important• Attracts attention• Adds contrast betwee elements• Creates consistent theme• Can be used to give impression of 3-d,
distance
Value
• How light or dark an area is• Value used to
– Lead eye– Create pattern– Give illusion of volume or depth– Add drama– Emphasis– Arrange objects in front or behind each other
Colour
• Combination of red, green, blue• Used to
– Highlight– Attract the eye– Signal importance– Create mood– Tie elements together– Organize, group– Provoke emotion
Colour wheel
• Vsual representationof colours based ontheir chromaticrelationship
• Primary colours– Cannot be created by
mixing others
• Secondary colours– Mix of 2 primaries
• Tertiary– Mix of primary and
secondary
More useful…..
• Complementary– Colours opposite
• Work well in contrast to each other
• Analogous colours– Close colours
• Variants on a theme
Active/passive colours• Advancing hues are have
less visual weight than thereceding hues
• Most often warm, saturated,light value hues are "active"and visually advance
• Cool, low saturated, darkvalue hues are "passive" andvisually recede
• Tints or hues with a lowsaturation appear lighterthan shades or highlysaturated colors
• Some colors remain visuallyneutral or indifferent
Colour and emotion
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