Geopolitics and Italian Foreign Policy in the Age of ...Geopolitics and Italian Foreign Policy in...

STATISTICAL FACTSHEETGeopolitics and Italian Foreign Policy in the Age of Renewable Energies

Istituto Affari Internazionali – June 2020A project supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy and Enel Green Power

This project (including leaflets, websites, publications, posters, etc.) has been realised thanks to a contribution by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International

Cooperation of Italy under conditions set by Article 23-bis (DPR 18/1967)

Opinions expressed in this report are exclusively those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.

SECTION 1GLOBAL RES VALUE CHAINS

AND CRITICAL MATERIALS

China ROW

7.9 7.67.0 6.9 6.8

4.33.6 3.5

Solar PV Manufacturing (2018)

Top 10 Manufacturers in 2018

Graphs by IAISources: GWEC, IHS Markit

Market share – China vs ROW (2018)

Solar PV Cell/Module Manufacturing by Country

(historical 2005-2018 and estimate for 2019)

Source: European Commission

9.68.8

8.37.4

2.1 2.0 1.7 1.5

China EU United States Others/N.A.

Market share (2018 est.)

Top 10 Manufacturers in 2019

Graphs by IAISources: BNEF (2019), GWEC (2018)

Wind Turbine Manufacturing (2018/2019)

European trade balance in key renewable energy

technologies (2015)

Sources: European Commission based on UN COMTRADE data

Polysilicon, PV cell and module net trade in selected

countries (2016)

Source: Sandor, CEMAC

Key materials for batteries (2017) – production

Source: CEMAC

Chile51%

Australia16%

Argentina10%

China6%

United States4%

Canada2%

Zimbabwe1%

ROW10%

Lithium reserves by country (2019)

Graph by IAIData: USGS

DRC51%

Australia17%

Cuba7%

Philippines4%

Russia4%

Canada3%

Madagascar2% ROW

Cobalt reserves by country (2019)

Nickel reserves by country (2019)

Indonesia24%

Australia23%

Brazil12%

Russia8%

Cuba6%

Philippines5%

China3%

ROW19%

Manganese reserves by country (2018)

South Africa30%

Ukraine18%Brazil

Australia13%

Gabon9%

China7%

India4%

Molybdenum reserves by country (2019)

China49%

United States16%

Peru14%

Chile8%

Russia6%

Turkey4%

Mongolia1%

Rare earth reserves by country (2019)

China37%

Brazil18%

Vietnam18%

Russia10%

India6%

Australia3% ROW

SECTION 2ITALY’S POSITION IN KEY

RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS

CONTENTS

❑ Employment

❑ Turnover

❑ Solar PV – capacity and production

❑ Wind – capacity and production

❑ Biofuel

❑ Geothermal

❑ Solar thermal

❑ Hydropower – capacity and production

❑ Biomass

❑ Biogas – total energy and heat

❑ Heat pumps

❑ % of RES in

❑ RES components – trade balance & revealed comparative advantage

Employment distribution by RES sector – Italy (2018)

Heat pumps 37600

Biomass 24400Hydro 17300

PV 11400

Biofuels 8500

Biogas8400

Wind8100

Waste 2400 Geothermal 2200Solar thermal 1100

✓ Heat pumps and biomass account for 51% of RES employment in Italy✓ At the moment only 16% of RES jobs in Italy are in the solar PV & wind sectors

Italy’s Ranking in the EU-28 (employment)

Geothermal 1Hydro 1Biogas 2Heat pumps 3Solar PV 4Biomass 5Waste 5Wind 6Solar thermal 7Biofuels 10

Graphs by IAISources: Eurostat, Eurobserver

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

Germany Spain France UK Italy

Total RES jobs in the EU-28: 1.512.900

10%11%

Total employment in all RES sectors – Top 5 EU (2018)

X % = % of EU RES jobsGraphs by IAISources: Eurostat, Eurobserver

6.08 5.97

Spain Germany France Italy UK

Relative employment in all RES sectors – Top 5 EU (2018)

‰ of total workforce

EU-28 average: 6.09 ‰

Graphs by IAISources: OECD, Eurostat, Eurobserver

20Source: Eurostat

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28RES labour productivity 3

Heat pumps4950

Hydro 2250Biomass 1750

PV 1480

Wind 1190

Biogas880

Biofuels 740

Waste 310Geothermal 300 Solar thermal

Turnover by RES sector – Italy (2018) in million EUR

Italy’s Ranking in the EU-28 (turnover)

Geothermal 1Hydro 2Biogas 2Heat pumps 3Solar PV 4Waste 5Biomass 6Wind 6Solar thermal 6Biofuels 7

Germany France Spain Italy UK

Total RES turnover in the EU-28: 158.86 billion €

9%9% 8%

X % = % of EU turnover

Turnover in all RES sectors – Top 5 EU (2018)

47644522398726522075143813861033 998 726 667 562

Germany 39%

Italy 18%

UK 11%

France 8%

Spain 4%

Netherlands 4%

Belgium 3%

Greece 2%

Czechia 2%

Austria 1%

Romania 1%Bulgaria 1%

Denmark 1% Hungary 1%

Portugal 1%Others 2%

Installed solar PV capacity in the

EU-28 (2018) in MW

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Solar PV capacity 2

Germany 38%

Italy 19%

UK 11%

France 9%

Spain 7%

Belgium 3%

Greece 3%Netherlands 3%

Czechia 2%

Romania 2% Austria 1%Bulgaria 1% Portugal 1%

Others ~0%

1285710569

78773902 3791 3693 2359 1771 1438 1343 1006 393

Electricity production from solar PV in the EU-28 (2018)

in TWh

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Solar PV power prod. 2

2340521770

102307300 6120 5766 5172 4393 3676 3261 3133 3032

Germany 33%

Spain 13%

UK 12%

France 8%

Italy 6%

Sweden 4%

Denmark 3%

Poland 3%

Portugal 3%

Netherlands 2%

Ireland 2%

Belgium 2%

Austria 2% Romania 2% Others 5%Installed wind capacity in

the EU-28 (2018) in MW

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Wind capacity 5

Germany 29%

UK 15%

Spain 13%

France 8%

Italy 5%

Sweden 4%

Denmark 4%

Poland 3%

Portugal 3%

Netherlands 3%Ireland 2%

Belgium 2%

Romania 2%

Greece 2% Austria 2%Finland 2%

Others 2%

100000

120000

2018 Electricity production from wind power in the EU (TWh)

Electricity production from wind power in the EU-28 (2018)

in TWhItaly’s ranking in the EU-28

Wind power prod. 5

17381500

1324 1250

510 472 456

France 19%

Germany 16%

Spain 11%

Sweden 9%

Italy 8%

Poland 5%

Netherlands3%

Austria 3%

Belgium 3%Others 15%

Biofuel consumption in the EU-28 (2018)

in toe

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Biofuel consumption 6

Italy 767

Germany 36

Portugal 29

France 16 Croatia 10

Others 4

Net usable geothermal capacity in the EU-28 (2018)

in MWe

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Geothermal capacity 1

3586 3284 2942 29372253 1703 1281 1026 902

16000M

Germany 36%

Austria 10%

Greece 9%

Spain 8%

Italy 8%

France 6%

Poland 4%

Denmark 3%

Portugal 2% Others 11%

Thermal solar collectors – cumulated capacity in the EU-28 (2018)

in MWth

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Solar thermal (cap.) 5

1643114516

723667014778

340933793287

France 17%

Italy 15%

Spain 13%

Sweden 11%

Austria 10%

Germany 7%

Portugal 5%

Romania 4%

Greece 2%

Bulgaria 2%

Finland 2%Others 9%

Total net capacity of hydropower in the EU-28 (2018) in MW

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Hydropower capacity 2

France 19%

Sweden 18%

Italy 14%Austria 11%

Spain 10%

Germany 5%

Romania 5%

Finland 4%

Portugal 3%

Croatia 2%

Greece 2%UK 1%

Bulgaria 1%Others 5%

70000TW

Hydropower production in the EU-28 (2018) in TWh

(without pumping)

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Hydropower prod. 3

Germany 55%

Italy 14%

Czechia 4%

France 4%

Poland 2%

Belgium 2%

Spain 1%

Others 9%

83005701

2607 2365 1128 945 923

Electricity production from biomass in the EU-28 (2018) in GWh

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Biomass power prod. 2

Germany 45%

UK 17%

Italy 11%

France 5%

Czechia 4%

Denmark 3%

Netherlands 2%

Poland 2%

Spain 2%

Austria 1% Belgium 1%

Others7%

877 604 489 326 288 265 234 228

Total energy production from biogas in the EU-28 (2018) in ktoe

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Biogas energy prod. 3

Germany 43%

Italy 25%

France 8%

Denmark 6%

Poland 2%

Latvia 2%

Finland 2%

Czechia 2%

Slovakia 2% Croatia 1%

Others7%

22 21 19 18 14 12

Gross heat production from biogas in the EU-28 (2018) in the

transformation sector – in ktoe

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Biogas heat prod. 2

Italy 53%

France 17%

Spain 11%

Sweden 5%

Germany 3%

Finland 2%

Portugal 2%Netherlands 1%

Others6%

1742 1061 870 686 5702206

Heat pumps in operation in the EU-28 (2018) - thousands

Italy’s ranking in the EU-28Heat pumps no. 1

Czechia

United

Share of energy from renewable sources, 2018 (% of gross final energy consumption)

2020 target* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999

and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.

(¹) Estimate.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: ilc_lvho05a)

Source: Eurostat

Share of RES in Italy’s TFC and specific sectors

(evolution 2004-2018)

TFC H&C Transport ElectricityGraph by IAI based on Eurostat data

TFC H&C Transport Electricity

Share of RES in the EU’s TFC and specific sectors

(evolution 2004-2018) - in %

Graph by IAI based on Eurostat data

Italy’s trade balance and comparative advantage in wind and solar

technologies (2015)

39Source: Energy Union Factsheet 2017

Net trade of EU-28 countries in key renewable energy

technologies

Sources: European Commission based on UN COMTRADE data

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