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General Structure of Vertebrae. Body Spinous process Transverse process Vertebral foramen Superior Articular process Inferior articular process Intervertebral foramen Vertebral notch. Figure 7.15. General Structure of Vertebrae. Figure 7.15. Cervical Vertebrae. Atlas Axis with dens - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
General Structure of Vertebrae
Figure 7.15
1. Body
2. Spinous process
3. Transverse process
4. Vertebral foramen
5. Superior Articular process
6. Inferior articular process
7. Intervertebral foramen
8. Vertebral notch
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
General Structure of Vertebrae
Figure 7.15
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cervical Vertebrae
Table 7.3a
1. Atlas
2. Axis with dens
3. Transverse foramina
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cervical Vertebrae
Table 7.3a
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cervical Vertebrae
Figure 7.17a
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Atlas
Figure 7.16a
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The Atlas
Figure 7.16b
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axis
Figure 7.16c
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Thoracic Vertebrae
Table 7.3b
1. Articular facet for rib (on transverse process)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Thoracic Vertebrae
Table 7.3b
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Lumbar Vertebrae
Table 7.3c
1. Large body; very thick!
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Lumbar Vertebrae
Figure 7.17c
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Lumbar Vertebrae
Table 7.3c
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Sacrum and Coccyx
Figure 7.18a, b
SACRUM
1. Five fused vertebral portions
COCCYX
1. Three to five fused vertebrae
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sacrum
Figure 7.18a, b
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Curvatures of The Vertebral Column
Figure 7.13
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions and Normal Curvatures
• Vertebral column is about 70 cm (28 inches)
• Vertebral column is divided into five major regions• Cervical vertebrae – 7 vertebrae of the neck region
• Thoracic vertebrae – 12 vertebrae of the thoracic region
• Lumbar vertebrae – 5 vertebrae of the lower back
• Sacrum – inferior to lumbar vertebrae – articulates with coxal bones
• Coccyx – most inferior region of the vertebral column
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions and Normal Curvatures
• Four distinct curvatures give vertebral column an S-shape• Cervical and lumbar curvatures– concave
posteriorly (secondary curves)
• Thoracic and sacral curvatures – convex posteriorly (primary curves)
• Curvatures increase the resilience of the spine
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ribs: True, False, and Floating
Figure 7.19a
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Ribs
Figure 7.20a
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Tubercle
4. Superior margin
5. Inferior margin
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ribs
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sternum
Figure 7.19a
1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process
4. Costal cartilage
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sternum
Figure 7.19a
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
How CPR compresses the heart between vertebrae and sternum
Figure 7.19b
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Ribs
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