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8/12/2019 Gardening Presentation Final
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Begin Your Food Garden
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Why We Grow FoodWhy We Grow Food
● Provide for the LarderProvide for the Larder
● Improve HealthImprove Health
● Good ExerciseGood Exercise
● Improve BudgetImprove Budget
● Resist ShortagesResist Shortages
●
Resist InflationResist Inflation
● Living ProvidentlyLiving Providently
● Part of Establishing ZionPart of Establishing Zion
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Words from the Brethren
● “We are most grateful for the
excellent response by the people
of the Church to our urging that
gardens be planted and that fruit
trees be cultivated and our placescleaned up and made more
livable.”
- Spencer W. Kimball (1976)
●
“The day may come when we willlive on what we produce”
–Marion G. Romney
● “We encourage you to be more
self-reliant so that, as the Lord has
declared, “notwithstanding the
tribulation which shall descend
upon you, … the church may
stand independent above all other
creatures beneath the celestial
world” (D&C 78:14). The Lord
wants us to be independent and
self-reliant because these will be
days of tribulation. He has warned
and forewarned us of the
eventuality.”
- Ezra Taft Benson (1980)
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“When we conclude to make a Zion we will make it, and this work commences in the
heart of each person. When the father of a family wishes to make a Zion in his own
house, he must take the lead in this good work, which it is impossible for him to do
unless he himself possesses the spirit of Zion. Before he can produce the work of
sanctification in his family, he must sanctify himself, and by this means God can help
him to sanctify his family (DBY, 118).”
“The Lord has done his share of the work; he has surrounded us with elements
containing wheat, meat, flax, wool, silk, fruit, and everything with which to build up,
beautify and glorify the Zion of the last days, and it is our business to mould these
elements to our wants and necessities, according to the knowledge we now have andthe wisdom we can obtain from the heavens through our faithfulness. In this way will
the Lord bring again Zion upon the earth, and in no other (DBY, 294).”
“There is not one thing wanting in all the works of God’s hands to make a Zion upon
the earth when the people conclude to make it. We can make a Zion of God on earth
at our pleasure, upon the same principle that we can raise a field of wheat, or buildand inhabit. There has been no time when the material has not been here from which
to produce corn, wheat, etc, and by the judicious management and arrangement of
this ever-existing material a Zion of God can always be built on the earth. (DBY,
118)”
Teachings of Brigham Young Manual, Ch. 16, pp 10-12
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Basic Food Storage Amounts
For One Year
● 400 lbs of Grains
● 60 lbs of Beans and Legumes
● 60 lbs of Sugars
● 20 lbs of Fats
● 16 lbs Dry Skim Milk
●
8 lbs Salt
Per Day
● 17.5 oz Grains
● 2.6 oz Beans and Legumes
● 2.6 oz Sugars
● .87 oz Fats
● .7 oz Dry Skim Milk
● .35 oz Salt
Food Storage will only go so far as to keep a person alive, but not
active; gardens extend and replenish a food storage program
Home Storage Center's Recommended Amounts
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Planning Ahead
● In the early spring, plan your
garden for the seasons ahead
● Research how much space each
plant needs, how much
sunlight is needed, and if yourplanned garden area can
provide that
● Ensure your planned garden is
protected from pests, varmints,and predators
● Discuss which foods you would
like to eat, which ones you'd
like to try
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Plant Pathology
● Plant seeds at a depth 3X the
size of the seed
● Root systems respond to water
saturation
● Plants manufacture their own
food (glucose) by using water,
sunlight, CO2, and nutrients
●
By using the plant's naturalgrowth, and pruning
methodically, most plants can
be trained to grow in certain
ways; i.e. espaliers
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Genetically Modified Crops (GMO's)
● Plants that are genetically alteredor spliced to gain an attribute not
possible in the original species
● Advantages such as higher yields,
disease resistance, etc.
● Not recommended for the home
garden as these plants are
copyrighted; meaning that seed
costs are very high and saving
seed probably not possible orillegal not cost effective for
domestic gardens
● Some concerns about long-term
effects on people and cross-
pollination
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Plant Hardiness ZonesPlant Hardiness Zones
● Certain plants, especiallyCertain plants, especially
perennials, will only live inperennials, will only live in
certain temperature zonescertain temperature zones
●
Plant Hardiness ZoningPlant Hardiness ZoningMaps help with planningMaps help with planning
what can be done with awhat can be done with a
gardengarden
● Average first/last frostAverage first/last frostdates must also bedates must also be
considered: May 18considered: May 18thth
September 29thSeptember 29th
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Plant Light Requirements
● Plants use light to create
their own food (glucose)
through Photosynthesis
●
Plants utilize visible light;between the blue-red
spectrum
● Check for lighting
requirements of each planttype some need full sun (6-
10 hours), part sun (3-6
hours) or shade (1-3 hours)
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Weather
● Use of irrigation and other methods
has reduced dependency on weather
to grow gardens
● Severe weather is still an issue, and
light rains are still needed
● High winds, sudden temperature
changes, hail and early freezes can
ruin entire gardens
● Weather is very unpredictable, even
for NOAA supercomputers
● Check 3-day forecasts and look with
your own eyes to determine what
must be done with your garden; look
online for plans for homemade
weather instruments
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Air Pollution
● Plants breathe in through theirleaves most of what we consider
air pollution: that's why pollution
is more evident in wintertime
● Plants thrive on carbon dioxide,
water vapor, and smoke
particulates
● Pine tree cones will not open and
seeds not germinate without fire
heat and smoke● Plants are harmed by ozone
pollution: ozone (O3) is a
disinfectant to all carbon-based
life; O3 decays quickly in water
vapor
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Types of Gardens
● There are a ot of waysto grow a garden
● Gardens can have morethan just food; f owers,medicina herbs, etc
● !ac"yard gardens are abig advantage to fami ies
●
#ommunity $hareGardens are a sopopu ar where space isscarce and is a greatway to fe owship
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Traditional Garden
● Utilizes the soil already
present on a property
● May need a lot of
improvements to creategood, arable soil (loam)
● Can grow a lot more
food per square inchthan any other method
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Raised Bed Gardens
● Raised beds are good for
intensive gardening with hand
tools
● Necessary for places with mole
problems (attach hardwarecloth underneath)
● Easy to maneuver around and
is attractive
● Burying strips of sod, right-side
up, one foot under the topsoil
will maximize garden
production for decades
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Container Gardens
● Helpful for those renting, have
little space, or wish to
maximize their space by
growing where there is no soil
● Most any container withsuitable drainage can be used
● Bucket gardens and raised beds
are the two most popular
methods
● Growing directly in a bag of
compost is useful
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French Method
● Mixing edible plants
and decorative flowers
in a landscape plan is
commonly referred toas the 'French Method'
● This is an excellent way
to keep certain fruitsand vegetables in the
front yard
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Indoor Gardens
● Citrus, aloe vera, and othertropical plants do well indoors;
very useful for growing foods
in the wintertime
●
A commercial system with redto blue spectrum lights can be
very expensive
● To grow indoors on a budget,
get “daylight' florescent bulbs;provide plenty of space
● Water regularly
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Victory Gardens
● A response to rationing and
shortages during World War's 1
and 2, along with other times in
history
●
Victory Gardens require intensivegrowing and maximum food
production grown anywhere there
is soil; no flowers or non-food
producing plants
● Growing flowers in a VictoryGarden during wartime was
actually illegal in WWII Britain
it carried a hefty fine, and a
possible prison sentence
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Clay Soil Improvements
● Clay soil is abundant in
West Valley and can be
improved● Add sand and compost, or
sand and peat moss
● Adding sand to clay will not
turn the soil to “concrete” as
concrete requires high
amounts of slaked lime
●
Aerate before planting
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Soil pH and Liming
● Acid soil is natural in nature
created by chemical forces
of soil decomposition
● Acidic soil retains nutrients
and starves plants
● Adding hydrated lime
releases the nutrients
● Chances are good that nopH testign is needed for
West Valley soils add lime
anyway
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Soil Salinity
● Utah is notorious for high
soil salinity (salted soils)
● To remove saline, the soil
must be washed in binswith hot water; drain out
the salty water separate
from the soil
● Salt reclaimed from theground can be refined and
used as normal salt
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Soil Erosion● Erosion is topsoil depletion by either
water or wind
● Caused by a lack of vegetation on
slopes, or by lack of vegetation the
year round
●
If a garden is to rest, it's best to planta green mulch of winter rye, grass,
etc. that will be tilled in the following
year do not allow it to go to seed or
grow over 1 year
●
Build horizontal terraces on contoursgreater than 8 degrees
● The dust bowl of 1935-1940 is the
costliest disaster in US history: 30,000
killed; 2.5 million displaced; damage
in $ is still unknown
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Water and Irrigation
● An irrigation system is necessaryfor today's modern gardens
● Can be expensive to water larger
gardens on utility water
●
A simple, cheap irrigation systemcan be home built
● Harvesting rainwater is a good
money saving activity
● Rainwater cannot be potable
unless its been filtered and treated
● Harvesting rainwater is now legal
in Utah; sign up online for a FREE
water right up to 2,500 gallons
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Sample of Water Right's Web Page
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Garden Construction and
Maintenance● After planning what kind
of garden will work for a
home, and preparing all
the support for the plants;
start creating your garden
● Many simple tools and
methods can keep costs
down and provide plentyof return for the work
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Powered Tools for Gardening
● When gardens expand, hand
tools may not be enough to
keep up with the work load
● Most powered garden tools
can be purchased for a good
price at Deseret Industries,
or can be built at home.
●
www.vintageprojects.comhas free yard and tractor
plans
S dBdP ti
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Seed Bed Preparation
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Fertilizing
● After preparing the seed bed,
add fertilizer to the top; the
nutrients will leech into the
soil from the top down
● Fertilizer comes in chemical
forms, manure, compost,
and fireplace ashes
● In fall, turn over the finishedbed with some more
fertilizer getting mixed in
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Fertilizer Facts
● Fertilizer is not plant food: it's the multivitamins
that plants use to produce the foods we eat
● Lack of fertilizers has historically led to long-term
famines, dust bowls, and ends of states and nations
● In 1945, the British Government stated in an
internal memo that food production had stalled
due to intensive cropping and lack of all kinds offertilizers. If VE-Day did not come that year,
Britain would've faced a full-blown famine and
surrendered to the Axis Forces
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Transplanting
●
Grow seedlings early in the yearand use them for transplanting
● Especially good for growing warm
climate crops in colder areas
●
Transplant seedlings into pots,and a month later transplant into
the garden
● Transplant potted plants into
larger pots 1 inch deeper, and 1
inch wider than previouscontainer
● Growing indoors under lights is
very hard to get viable transplants;
best to grow seedlings outside
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Greenhouse● A greenhouse is a heated
enclosure used to grow plants
year round
● Excellent for seedlings,
transplants, citrus or any plants
that do not grow in ourtemperature zone
● Can be made of cheap
materials such as PVC pipes,
lumber, plastic lined withbubble wrap
● Heating costs might be
expensive
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Cold Frame and Hot Bed
● A cold frame is a greenhousewith no heater; good for
starting seedlings early by
protecting them from frost
● A hot bed is a cold frame
with plenty of manure under
a 6 inch layer of topsoil; the
decaying material and
sunlight heats the bed
● A set of old windows or clear
plastic, and some lumber
will make a good frame
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Cloches and Tunnels
● Most homes might not havethe space for a greenhouse or
cold frame
● Cloches and tunnels are a
great greenhouse-replacementmethod to extend growing
seasons
● Most cloches are inexpensive
to make out of waste materials● Great way to start transplants
such as tomatoes and
cucumbers
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Weeding
● Weeds are any plants growingin an undesirable location;
most are native or invasive
plants
● Invasive plants are non-nativespecies that have no natural
predators
● Weeding removes competition
of nutrients and space for crops● Do not allow weeds to go to
seed: one year of germinated
weeds is seven years of weeding
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MulchingMulching
● Mulches help gardensMulches help gardens
fight off weeds, retainfight off weeds, retain
moisture, and addsmoisture, and adds
nutrientsnutrients● Mulches can be woodMulches can be wood
chips, compost,chips, compost,
newspaper, grassnewspaper, grassclippings, straw, or anyclippings, straw, or any
other slow to degradeother slow to degrade
organic materialsorganic materials
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No-Till Gardening
●
The trend in agriculture today isto not till the entire acreage
anymore, but just the immediate
place where a seed is bedded
● Previous plants left on top to
naturally decompose
● Good for preventing soil erosion,
avoid the need to bring in mulch,
retains nutrients and water
● Requires sterile soils: free ofweeds and crops rotated without
exception
● Can have negative aesthetics and
possible odor problems
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Companion Planting
● Plants are susceptibleto certain pests and
diseases
● Companion plantingpairs plants together
that are beneficial to
each other● This is a great way to
maximize harvests
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Saving Seeds● Plants that are labeled “hybrid”
might not be able to producesustainable offspring it's the
nature of the plant
● To save seeds, grow plants labeled
“heirloom”● Good rule of thumb is to allow 1
of every 30 plants with excellent
attributes to go to seed
●
Collect by allowing seed heads tomature and dry; for squash and
melons, clean seeds and air dry
store in a dark, cold, dry place
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hich Plants to Grow
● The majority of our diet comefrom plant sources
● “Every herb in the season
thereof, and every fruit in the
season thereof; all these to beused with prudence and
thanksgiving.” D&C 89:11
● “All grain is good for the food
of man; as also the fruit of thevine; that which yieldeth fruit,
whether in the ground or
above the ground” D&C 89:16
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Grains in the Garden
●
Grains are fine to grow in abackyard garden: if you can grow
a lawn, you can grow cereal grains
● An area of 110'X10' will grow an
average 210 lbs of grain
● Oats grow in 2 months and will
eradicate weeds in their
immediate area
● Don't use lawn fertilizers with
herbicides and pesticides, unlessdirected
● Start winter varieties between
September - November; spring
varieties in February - April
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Beans and Legumes
● Beans and legumesprovides great
nutrition and
renewable proteins
● Restores nitrogen to
the soil and helps other
plants grow
● Easy and prolific
● Excellent source of
proteins, fats, and fiber
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Culinary Herbs
● Growing herbs andspices will help your
budget and cooking
prowess
● Herbs provide
flavoring and nutrition
to cooking
● Herbs and spices in the
garden guard against
pests and disease
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Medicinal Herbs● Growing medicinal herbs is easy
and beneficial
● Aloe Vera and Myrrh are two of
the best medicine plants in the
world
● Other useful herbs are Valerian,Wormwood, St. John's Wort,
White Willow bark, Fever-few,
and dozens more
● Use with skill and care; sometimes
the cure is just as bad as the
disease
● Tobacco, cannabis, and cacoa
shrubs are NOT legal to grow and
they damage/poison soil
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Perennials
●
Most garden produce is grownfrom annuals (plant dies at end
of growing season)
● Perennials regrow year after
year; providing a stable foodsource
● Examples are artichokes,
asparagus, rhubarb,
strawberries, etc.
● Some perennials are prolific;
such as strawberries, but some
like artichokes do not have a
high return on investment
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Trees, Brambles, and Vines
● Fruits grow in many differentways
● All are perennials; they provide
a steady, yearly food supply
● Most brambles and shrubs will
last for 30 years, trees for 15-
20 years before going wild;
grape vines can thrive for
hundreds of years● Citrus can be grown indoors in
containers in Central to
Northern Utah
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Nut Trees and Bushes
● Nuts provide a secondsource of fats and proteins
● The trees can take several
years before producing,
while the shrubs take 1 2
years to start.
● Walnut and Pine trees,
Hazel, Peanut, and Filbert
shrubs are the most common
in our climate
● Many local nurseries do not
keep in stock; must order in
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Edible Flowers
● Edible flowers make aninteresting garnish
● Examples are roses,
black hollyhock, pinkmallow, vegetable and
herb flowers
● Some edible flowers donot have high nutritive
values, but may have
some medicinal value
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Growing Cotton and Flax
● Growing cotton or flax inthe home garden will
produce enough to create
your own textiles
● Requires a lot of specialized
equipment to make raw
fibers into cloth: cotton gin,
flax breaker and comb,
spinning wheel, loom, dyes,etc.
● Temperate Zone cotton is
now available
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Growing Sugar Crops
●
Sugar beets and maples can easily begrown in the garden
● A space of 15'X15' will yield an
average of 82.4 lbs of sugar from
beets; 3 10-year mature sugar maples
produce 1 gallon of syrup per year● Further processing through diffusion,
evaporation, and crystallization into
raw sugar no other refining is really
needed
● Centrifuging during evaporationseparates white and brown sugar, and
molasses
● Sugarcane is a tropical plant and not
suitable for our climate
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Sprouting
● Sprouting seeds is anexcellent method for
quickly growing greens
with no soil involved
● The spouts have different
nutritive values compared
to their seeds
● Takes 3 5 days to grow ina moist environment
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Composting
● Composting is a greatway to save money and
soil nutrients
● Garden scraps, kitchenscraps, and some forms
of trash are recycled
into a nutritious mulchfor the garden
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Pest Control● Aphids are the most common
pests to infect a garden
● Other pests are yellow-jackets,
mealy bugs, mice, and birds
●
Use crop rotation andcompanion planting
● Bird netting and shiny metal
will keep away most birds
● Make sure that what is in yourgarden IS a pest before dealing
with it
● Use pesticides with care and
skill
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Helpful Animals
● With plenty of pests,there's usually their
predators nearby
●
Garder Snakes, toadsand frogs, spiders,
earwigs, ladybugs,
praying mantis, and
lacewing flies are helpfulin controlling pests and
protecting the garden
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Snails
● Snails and Slugs are terriblepests in the backyard garden
● Snails, however, are not
insects; they are inland
shellfish... and if fed properly
for a month, are edible
● A snail garden can be
created to sequester and
cleanse them for eating
● Good source of trace
vitamins and minerals:
especially iodine
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Honeybees
● Honeybees are excellent forthe home garden as they
pollinate your plants
essential for growing most
crops● Must check with local laws
first, as honeybees will
socialize with commercial
apiary's
● Provides pollination,
protection against some
pests, honey and beeswax
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Discouraging and Trapping Birds
● Birds can become a nuisance; bestnot to encourage nesting near
your garden
● Netting over plants is a good way
to discourage birds from eatingyour garden
● During crisis situations some
birds will be a good source of
food; during normal times this is
illegal
● Arapuca-style traps are the most
efficient and easiest to build for
trapping pigeons, doves, and quail
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Small Livestock● West Valley City recently changed their codesallowing small livestock in residential areasagain
● Small livestock provide a great service to the
gardener in extra kinds of foods, recyclingwaste efficiently, and is the difference betweengrowing a few vegetables and true self-reliance
●
“If we have enough land and live where we canlegally keep livestock, we should buy and raisesome animals. efore we decide which animalswe will raise, however, we must be prepared to
care for them properly. This means learningabout the food, shelter, and care they need inorder to be healthy. Some animals that are easy
to care for are chickens, rabbits, ducks, andmilk goats.”
Duties and lessings of the Priesthood; Lesson22
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Animal Products
● Most common return isrecycling your garden waste
and kitchen scraps into
kitchen manure
● Rabbits, chickens, and goatsregularly provide milk, eggs,
meat, feathers, and pelts
(leather)
● If raising small animals,research the many by-
products that comes from
them
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Rabbits
● Rabbits provide the bestreturn on investment
● Small space requirements
can thrive confined in
hutches
● Can eat garden wastes,
kitchen waste, weeds, and
grasses; turning it into many
kinds of products for the
home
● Manure does not require
composting
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Rabbit Facts● Rabbits are not rodents their closest
related species is deer● A breeding stock of 1 buck & 3 does
will produce average 700 lbs of meat
in a year; the same amount of meat as
a beef cow
● Rabbits have an average of 8-10
bunnies every 52 days 16 bunnies at
most; re-breed after 3 weeks
● Angora rabbits are not good for food,
but do provide good spinner's wool
and manure; shearing not necessary,
simply brush off the wool
● Many city and suburban families
from the Great Depression era credit
their rabbits as having saved them
from starvation
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Products From Rabbits
Fresh Meat: standard meat cuts,hearts, kidneys, sweetbreads,and liver
Canned Rabbit Meat
Rabbit Sausages
Rendered Fats
Glycerin
Gelatin
Soaps
Candles
Pet Food and Treats
Fur Pelts
Leather (light duty)
Raw Hide
Rabbit Skin Glue
Blood Meal
Bile Acids; anti-inflammatory, used for gall stones
Pepsin; digestive aid
Chondroitin Sulfate; blood clot dissolution
Fibrinolysin; blood clot dissolution
Chalones; anti-cancer therapy
Phosphoric Acid
Calcium
Magnesium
Glucosamine
Insulin
Blood Plasma
Prussian Blue
Lapinized Brains for Animal Vaccines
Fur forBedding/Stuffing/Insulation
“Lucky” Rabbit's Feet
Methane (Natural) Gas
Charcoal
Fresh Manure
Compost
Liquid Fertilizer
Feed for Night Crawlers
Potassium Nitrate (Saltpeter)
Ammonia
Bone Handles, Tools, andJewelry
Bone Meal
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Poultry and Fowls
●
Poultry and fowls in the gardenprovides a great service by grazing
weeds and weed seeds before crop
planting, eating pests, and laying
eggs
● Examples include chickens, ducks,geese, pigeons, quail, etc.
● Requires a lot of set-up and extra
feed
● Chicken roosters are stillforbidden due to noise ordinances
and hostility issues
● Manure does require composting
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Poultry and Fowl Facts
● Most will lay for 2 years; at an averageof 1-2 eggs per day
● Duck eggs are larger than chicken
eggs and have a higher protein
content, but ducks lay less often;
geese lay much less often
● Ducks and geese require a pond or
body of water for health
● Quails can be raised and thrive
indoors; they lay as often as ducks● Most fowls are scavengers: during the
Great Depression, families would
feed most anything to them good
way of disposing of leftovers
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Products From Poultry and Fowls
Eggs
Fresh Meat: standard meat cuts,
hearts, kidneys, and liver
Various Meat and Egg Products
Canned Chicken Meat and Eggs
Rendered Fats
Glycerin
Gelatin
Soaps
Candles
Pet Food and Treats
Writing Quills
Downy Feathers for
Bedding/Stuffing/Insulation
Additives for Plastics
Hyaluronic acid: “Chicken Shot” KneeInjection Treatments
Chondroitin Sulfate; blood clot
dissolution
Fibrinolysin; blood clot dissolution
Gene Treatment Proteins
Phosphoric Acid
Calcium
Magnesium
Glucosamine
Blood Plasma
Prussian Blue
Hormone Treatments
Cellophane Plastics
Carbon Paper Additive
Immunization (vaccine)
Production
Methane (Natural) Gas
Charcoal
Fresh Manure
Compost
Liquid Fertilizer
Sulphates
Ammonia
Bone Handles, Tools, and Jewelry
Bone Meal
Blood Meal
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Goats
● Full-sized goats are not viable inour area without at least ½ acre to
live on due to their breeding for
commercial production
● Pygmy/Dwarf goats would work
for this area as their size is 1/3 of
the full-sized Nubian's and
Saneen's; about the same as a mid-
sized dog
● Pygmy goats can thrive in abarn/paddock setup
● A small dairy barn along with
plenty of hay, grain, brush, and
root crops are needed
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Pygmy/Dwarf Goat Facts
● Pygmy goats give up to ½ gallon ofmilk per day
● Goat meat is called “Chevon”;
pygmy's and dwarfs are good for both
meat and dairy uses
● The milk is better suited to humans
than cows milk; healthier for people
with heart conditions and better for
toddlers
●
Goat's milk has a good milk fat tobutter fat ratio
● Pygmy's can be kept in a small
corralled area far better than Dwarfs,
which relies on a pasture area
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Fish● A relatively new approach, raising
fish can be economical with the rightset-up and breeds, but the legalities
are still in question
● Tilapia and Carp are the most
popular as they can thrive on natural
algae and vegetation, are prolific andhardy, and have a good return on
investment in meat and liquid
fertilizer
● Requires an initial large investment
in tanks, a pond, and equipment
● Raising fish is more complex as
precise temperature and environment
is needed for breeding
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Storing Garden Produce
● Storing excess at the heightof the season will cut food
budgets considerably
● Drying, canning (bottling),
cellar, pickling, freezing,
fermenting, etc.
● Some vegetables can be
stored outside duringwinter, a method called
“heeling”
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d l
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Canning and Bottling● Uses 3 different methods of
preservation: heat, pressure, and acid● Canning is done in metals cans; dry
goods with oxygen absorber, or moist
goods using specialized equipment
● Bottling is done in tempered mason
jars with special lids
● Water bath canners or steam canners
are cheaper, less time consuming, and
safer to operate only high acid
foods
● Pressure canners are more expensive,
uses more time, and carries some risk
use for both high and low acid
foods
● Watch for signs of botulism
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Freezing
● Quickest way to store gardenproduce
● Some foods require 'blanching'
before freezing: place in hot
water for several seconds, thentake out and plunge into ice
water for several seconds
● Not economical for long-term
storage: most foods last 3months to a year before
nutrient depletion takes place;
costs extra to keep freezer
powered for that long
Cll
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Cellar
● Not a common method todayfor storing garden foods -
might not be feasible for
apartments/renters
●
Can be made as a hole-in-the-ground in backyards
● Clamping is a cellar method of
storing root crops in the
garden under straw and soil● Keeps foods at a steady
temperature using the earth.
No power required
OilE i
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Oil Extraction
● Extraction of essential oilsand fats from seeds is a little
difficult, but the payoff is
great
● Use either pressureextraction, alcohol
extraction, or a
distiller/condenser
● Sunflower, cottonseed, nuts,
and some herbs and spices
are good sources
F i
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Fermentation● NOT FOR DRINKING!!!
● Yeast fermentation creates ethanol
(ethyl alcohol); this is toxic to
consume internally as ethanol starves
the body of nutrients and oxygen
● Useful in hundreds of chemical
formulas for everyday use, and used
in thousands of chemical processes
● First stage beer fermentation is
excellent for making bread Utah's
higher altitudes
● Cooking with wines (deglazing)
releases flavorings and helps keep
pans clean ethanol vaporizes at
84°F; food will not be tainted
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Garden y-Products
● Useful items for thehome can be made
with the leftovers from
your garden andprimary products
● Research how to
effectively use waste:one person's waste is
another person's raw
materials
Clh dClhi
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Cloth and Clothing
● Cotton, flax, and wool can beprocessed and woven at
home
● A lot of different tools are
needed to create cloth: flaxbreaker and comb, wool
cards, cotton gin, spinning
wheel, loom, etc.
● Sewing clothes is difficult at
first, but easy to pick up on
B kt
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Basketry
● Using leftover treebark, corn husks, straw,
and grasses, many
kinds of baskets can beweaved
● Baskets are weaved in
the same patterns as
cloth; except no loom
is necessary
R dT i
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Rope and Twine
● Many plants with stalks havethread-like fibers; some
plants such as flax and birch
are grown for their fibers
● When long fibers areextracted, spin them into
threads for use as twine
● Twisting fibers into twine,
and then twisting several
twines in the opposite
direction creates rope
S
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Soap● Using leftover rendered fats (plant
or animal), soaps can be madethrough a process of
saponification
● Be careful using lye (caustic soda)
can cause chemical burns; lye is
extracted from wood ash byleeching and evaporation in a
non-metal container. Roebic©
Drain Opener is 100% commercial
lye
● Soap can be made using a cold
process or hot process; either on
stove top or in the oven
● Allow the soap to age fresh soap
can burn the skin
W d dOth L i
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Wood and Other Leavings
● Save dead trees, or pruneolder trees and limbs to use
as firewood or lumber
● Lumber can be made with a
chainsaw's sawmillattachment or crosscut saw
● Corn cobs can be made into
charcoal
● Fall leaves and grass
clippings with no seed heads
can be used as mulch or
composted
P Milli
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Paper Milling
● Paper can be made from any plantwith fine fibers; longer the fibers,
greater the need for further
processing
● Most leftover plants can be
utilized; along with used paper
and tattered cloth
● Using a chopping machine or by
hand, turn the fibrous material
into pulp, strain through a screen,press out the excess water, and
hang up to dry; cut to size when
dry (leaving in the sun will bleach
the paper white)
W d ki
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Woodworking
● Use prunings or harvestingolder or dead trees whenever
possible to save expense
● Simple woodworking tools
can be purchased fromDeseret Industries, or made
at home
● Good for replacing broken
garden tool handles, or
building raised beds and
cold frames
Blk ithi
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Blacksmithing
● Tools for gardening will eventually
wear out; blacksmithing is an easy
way to make new or repair tools
● A cheap set-up includes a brake drum
with some plumbing parts and a hair
dryer, a striking surface, and a bucket
of water
● Requires few tools: hammer, grips
(tongs), hot set, cold chisel, file, and
bench vice
● A thick metal surface or scraprailroad track makes a good anvil
● Be sure to only smithy on green burn
days; between 9 AM and 5 PM be
careful not to start a fire
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Resources for Gardening
Websites
providentliving.org
● YU Independent
Study
(Free Classes online)
●
USU CooperativeExtension
● Practical Action
Network
B ks & Publicati ns
● Home Production and
Storage
● asic Self-Reliance
● Duties and lessings of
the Priesthood parts A
and● The Latter-Day Saint
Woman parts A and
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Give a man a fish and he will eat for a
day. Teach a man to fish and he willeat for a lifetime...
Teach a man to garden, and the whole
neighborhood gets tomatoes, and
squash, and cucumbers, and carrots,and...
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